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7 results for “feather mass”
Text-fig. 1. A. Location of the sites of Capo di Fiume, Palena and Pollenzo near Alba. B. Capo di Fiume stratigraphic section. Facies of coastal-transitional marine associations – a. Freshwater marsh and tidal creeks interval, b. Swamp interval, c1–c4. Facies of eustarine bay associations, d1–d6. Facies of open shelf marine associations. Symbols: "black star" – fossiliferous horizon with plant material studied here, 1. mottled grey to dark-brown marls and clayey marls, 2. fissile dark-grey marls and shaly marls, 3. limestones, 4. marly limestones and limey marls, 5. bio-lithoclastic calcarenites, 6. lime conglomerate, 7. massive muddy deposit produced by mass-flow mechanism, 8. diatomitic marls, 9. "terra rossa" soil (modified after Carnevale et al. 2011). in Feather Palm Foliage From The Messinian Of Italy (Capo Di Fiume, Palena And Pollenzo Near Alba) Within The Framework Of Northern Mediterranean Late Miocene Flora
Text-fig. 1. A. Location of the sites of Capo di Fiume, Palena and Pollenzo near Alba. B. Capo di Fiume stratigraphic section. Facies of coastal-transitional marine associations – a. Freshwater marsh and tidal creeks interval, b. Swamp interval, c1–c4. Facies of eustarine bay associations, d1–d6. Facies of open shelf marine associations. Symbols: "black star" – fossiliferous horizon with plant material studied here, 1. mottled grey to dark-brown marls and clayey marls, 2. fissile dark-grey marls and shaly marls, 3. limestones, 4. marly limestones and limey marls, 5. bio-lithoclastic calcarenites, 6. lime conglomerate, 7. massive muddy deposit produced by mass-flow mechanism, 8. diatomitic marls, 9. "terra rossa" soil (modified after Carnevale et al. 2011).
Data from: Of 11 candidate steroids, corticosterone concentration standardized for mass is the most reliable steroid-biomarker of nutritional stress across different feather types
<p>1. Measuring corticosterone in feathers has become an informative tool in avian ecology, enabling researchers to investigate carry-over effects and responses to environmental variability. Few studies have, however, explored whether corticosterone is the only hormone expressed in feathers, and is the most indicative of environmental stress. Essential questions remain as to how to compare hormone concentrations across different types of feathers and whether preening adds steroids, applied after feather growth. 2. We used liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry to quantify a suite of 11 steroid hormones in back, breast, tail, and primary feathers naturally grown at overlapping time intervals by rhinoceros auklet Cerorhinca monocerata captive-reared fledglings and wild-caught juveniles. The captive-reared birds were raised on either a restricted or control diet. Measured steroids included intermediates in the adrenal steroidogenesis pathway to glucocorticoids and the sex steroids pathway to androgens and estrogens. 3. Corticosterone was detected in the majority of feathers of each type. We also detected cortisone in back feathers, androstenedione in breast feathers, and testosterone in primary feathers. Captive fledglings raised on a restricted diet had higher concentrations of corticosterone in all four feather types than captive fledglings raised on a control diet. Corticosterone concentrations were reliably repeatable across feather types when standardized for feather mass, but not for feather length. Of the seven hormones looked for in uropygial gland secretions, only corticosterone was detected in one out of 23 samples. 4. We conclude that corticosterone is the best feather-steroid biomarker for detection of developmental nutritional stress, as it was the only hormone to manifest a signal of nutritional stress, and that exposure to stress can be compared among different feather types when corticosterone concentrations are standardized by feather mass.</p>
Data from: Of 11 candidate steroids, corticosterone concentration standardized for mass is the most reliable steroid-biomarker of nutritional stress across different feather types
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Data from: How feathered are birds? environment predicts both the mass and density of body feathers
1.Studies modelling heat transfer of bird plumage design suggest that insulative properties can be attributed to the density and structure of the downy layer, while waterproofing is the result of the outer layer, comprised of contour feathers. In this study, we test how habitat and thermal condition affect feather mass and density of body feathers (contour, semiplume and downy feathers) measured on the ventral and dorsal sides of the body, using a phylogenetic comparative analysis of 152 bird species. 2.Our results demonstrate that feather mass and the density of downy feathers are higher in species that inhabit colder environments, while total feather density is higher of species breeding under intermediate temperatures compared to the ones breeding under more extreme conditions. The density of contour feathers, depending on the body region, is either quadratically related or negatively correlated to minimum winter temperature. 3.The density of contour and downy feathers, measured on both sides of the body, is higher in aquatic than in terrestrial birds. However, among the former, diving behaviour does not select for further increases in body feather mass or density. 4.The results of this study provides key insights into how the plumage of birds is adapted to different environments and lifestyles and provides a basis for understanding the diverse range and the evolution of variation in these characteristics.
Data from: A longitudinal analysis of the growth rate and mass of tail feathers in a great tit population: ontogeny, genetic effects and relationship between traits
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">Feathers have a diversity of functions in birds and are costly to produce, so their growth rate and mass can be reliable indicators of nutritional condition at the time of production. Despite the potential for feather metrics to advance our understanding of foraging, they are underused in avian ecology. One reason for this is the difficulty of interpreting whether individual variation is driven by ontogenetic, genetic, or environmental effects, which is exacerbated by the fact that most analyses have been done on cross-sectional data. We addressed this deficit using a longitudinal dataset of tail feathers collected from Great tits <em>Parus major</em> to test for ontogenetic and genetic effects on growth rate, mass and length, while controlling for body/feather size differences and other confounding factors. First, we found that the type of moult episode and experimentally-induced replacement differentially affected the length, mass and growth of feathers, providing evidence of an ontogenetic effect that should be considered when comparing these feather traits across individuals as a measure of condition. Second, we detected moderate to high repeatability and heritability values from parent-offspring regression for these three feather traits, which are suggestive of an underlying genetic component of variation. Third, we used a mean centring within-individual approach to test whether feather growth rate and feather mass (length-corrected) are indeed positively correlated with each other as overlapping indicators of body condition in birds, and found that this association, although positive, is weak and only significant between individuals. This suggests that both metrics are not so intimately linked as originally thought, and probably have different sensitivities to variation in foraging performance and ecological conditions. Together with the higher plasticity of feather growth rate compared to feather mass, our results support the idea that feather growth rate is better suited for examining short-term responses to environmental variation.</p>
Data from: A longitudinal analysis of the growth rate and mass of tail feathers in a great tit population: ontogeny, genetic effects and relationship between traits
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Data from: How feathered are birds? environment predicts both the mass and density of body feathers
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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