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5 results for “featherstar”
Fig. 3 in Comanthus scintillus, a New Species of Featherstar (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Comatulida: Comatulidae) from Southern Japan
Fig. 3. Middle segments of distal pinnules, lateral view. A and B, Comanthus scintillus n. sp., holotype, OMNH-Iv6230 (distal fringe of spines distinct in A, but not in B); C, Comanthus gisleni Rowe, Hoggett, Birtles, and Vail, 1986, BIK-EC-CR0107; D, Comanthus suavia Rowe, Hoggett, Birtles, and Vail, 1986, BIK-EC-CR0096. Scale bars 0.5 mm.
Fig. 2. Comanthus scintillus n in Comanthus scintillus, a New Species of Featherstar (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Comatulida: Comatulidae) from Southern Japan
Fig. 2. Comanthus scintillus n. sp. A, feeding posture, RUMF-ZE-00437; B, whole animal, aboral view, BIK-EC-CR0095; C, centrodorsal and proximal rays, aboral view, OMNH-Iv6233; D, disk, oral view, RUMF-ZE-00437.
Fig. 1. Comanthus scintillus n in Comanthus scintillus, a New Species of Featherstar (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Comatulida: Comatulidae) from Southern Japan
Fig. 1. Comanthus scintillus n. sp., holotype, OMNH-Iv6230. A, centrodorsal and proximal ray, aboral view; B, cirrus, lateral view; C, proximal pinnules (P1 to P3, left to right), lateral view; D, terminal comb on P1, lateral view. Scale bars 5 mm for A and C, 1 mm for B and D.
Dataset from: Predation as an explanation for a latitudinal gradient in arm number among featherstars
<p><i>Aim: </i>The role of biotic interactions in generating broad patterns in organismal phenotypes is a central question in macroecology. We investigate global patterns in feeding morphology among featherstars, a globally widespread group of suspension-feeding echinoderms whose evolutionary history has been demonstrably shaped by predators.</p> <p><i>Location: </i>World's oceans.</p> <p><i>Major taxon studied:</i> Crinoidea.</p> <p><i>Methods: </i>We tested for global patterns in the featherstar suspension feeding apparatus, a filter made up of five to 200 arms which is the main interface with predators. We investigate a geospatial dataset of 23,950 occurrences in 442 species using statistical analyses including quantile regression and a new permutation-based phylogenetic comparative approach appropriate for testing for a broad range of patterns in non-normal data.</p> <p><i>Results: </i>We find that featherstars exhibit a latitudinal gradient in arm number: arm number is both greater on average and more variable between species at lower latitudes. This pattern holds across depths and hemispheres and is not a spurious result of either the latitudinal diversity gradient or phylogenetic autocorrelation. Tropical featherstars that conceal themselves have fewer arms, and also appear to experience less intense predation.</p> <p><i>Main conclusions:</i>Temperature, primary productivity, and substrate type do not adequately explain the latitudinal gradient in arm number. We attribute it instead to a corresponding gradient in predation intensity: many-armed featherstars can withstand more intense arm loss to predators. Concealment and other alternate solutions to the problem of predation, along with reproductive costs associated with having many arms, explain why the trend is wedge-shaped rather than linear. Our findings constitute a latitudinal gradient in functional diversity, paralleling recent findings in other taxa. The gradient may be a consequence of shallow tropical reefs; inasmuch as reefs as centers of biotic interactions promote functional richness, changes in the distribution of reefs through deep time probably entailed shifts in the global deployment of ecological diversity.</p>
Dataset from: Predation as an explanation for a latitudinal gradient in arm number among featherstars
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