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34 results for “feature scaling”
Urban Residential Surface and Subsurface Hydrology: Synergistic Effects of Low-Impact Features at the Parcel Scale
Accurately predicting the hydrologic effects of urbanization requires an understanding of how hydrologic processes are affected by low‐impact development practices. In this study, we explored how growing season surface runoff, deep drainage, and evapotranspiration on a residential parcel are affected by several low‐impact interventions, including three "impervious‐centric" interventions (disconnecting downspouts, disconnecting sidewalks, and adding a transverse slope to the driveway and front walk), two "pervious‐centric" interventions (decompacting soil and adding microtopography), and all possible "holistic" combinations. Results were compared to both a highly and moderately compacted baseline parcel under an average and a dry weather scenario for a temperate climate. We find that under reasonable assumptions for highly compacted soil, pervious areas are a major source of runoff and disconnecting impervious surfaces may be relatively less effective without improving soil conditions. Under both highly and moderately compacted soil conditions, combining efforts to decompact soil with impervious disconnection has a synergistic effect on reducing surface runoff and increasing deep drainage and evapotranspiration. All combinations of interventions enhance infiltration, but the partitioning of additional root zone water between deep drainage and evapotranspiration depends on the weather scenario. Importantly, when all low‐impact interventions are applied together, growing season deep drainage is higher than that from a vacant lot with no impervious surfaces. We infer that ecohydrologic interfaces between impervious and pervious areas are strong controls on urban hydrologic fluxes and that high‐resolution, process‐based models can be used to account for these interfaces and thereby improve predictions of the hydrologic effects of low‐impact interventions.
The soil province feature of Italy at the 1:1,000,000 scale
<p>Updated version of the feature Soil province of Italy at the 1:1,000,000 scale. The original geodatabase (version 1.0 - https://zenodo.org/record/7072306) is not replaced because collecting other features debribed by references. This version partially becomes observations raised by regional officiers of Regione Emilia Romagna and Regione Veneto: few map units have been splitted in order to better conform to regional features. This new map reports 51 map units.</p>
Fine-scale map reveals highly variable recombination rates associated with genomic features in the Eurasian blackcap
<p>This project estimates historical recombination rates of the Eurasian blackcap (<em>Sylvia atricapilla</em>) and the garden warbler (<em>Sylvia borin)</em> using a linkage disequilibrium-based approach. The population-scaled recombination rates were inferred using 'pyrho' considering the population's demographic information and mutation rates. The mutation rate was taken from a closely related species (flycatcher, <em>Ficedula albicollis</em>).</p> <p>Here we report the recombination rate per site per generation (r, output of pyrho) for all the chromosomes along the genome for both species. </p> <p>Blackcap dataset file: WholeGenome_chromosomes_blackap_n38_Pen20_W50.gz</p> <p>Garden warbler dataset file: WholeGenome_chromosomes_SylBor_n10_Pen20W50.gz</p> <p> </p> <p>Additionally, we annotated the blackcap genome to evaluate the association between recombination rates and specific annotation features (e.g., genes, transcription start sites, promoters, 5'UTR, and 3'UTR regions). The annotation of the genome was based on RNA-seq and Iso-Seq data. It can be found with the name bSylAtr1.1.gff.</p>
Data from: Chromosome-scale assembly with a phased sex-determining region resolves features of early Z and W chromosome differentiation in a wild octoploid strawberry
<p>Abstract: When sex chromosomes stop recombining, they start to accumulate differences. The sex-limited chromosome (Y or W) especially is expected to degenerate via the loss of nucleotide sequence and the accumulation of repetitive sequences. However, how early signs of degeneration can be detected in a new sex chromosome is still unclear. The sex determining region (SDR) of the octoploid strawberries is young, small, and dynamic. Using PacBio HiFi reads, we obtained a chromosome scale assembly of a female (ZW) <em>Fragaria chiloensis</em> plant carrying the youngest and largest of the known SDR on the W in strawberries. We fully characterized the previously incomplete SDR, confirming its gene content, genomic location and evolutionary history. Resolution of gaps in the previous characterization of the SDR added 10 kbp of sequence including a non-canonical LTR-retrotransposon; whereas the Z sequence revealed a <em>Harbinger</em> transposable element adjoining the SDR insertion site. Limited genetic differentiation of the sex chromosomes coupled with structural variation may indicate an early stage of W degeneration. The sex chromosomes have a similar percentage of repeats but differ in their repeat distribution. Differences in the pattern of repeats (transposable element polymorphism) apparently precede sex chromosome differentiation, thus potentially contributing to recombination cessation as opposed to being a consequence of it.</p> <p>Repository content: data (sequence alignments, phylogenetic trees, genome assembly, and vcf files) and scripts associated with the manuscript "Chromosome-scale assembly with a phased sex-determining region resolves features of early Z and W chromosome differentiation in a wild octoploid strawberry"</p>
Text-fig. 2. Nymphaea sp. from the Miocene Clarkia Lake flora, Locality P-33. a: Photograph of the fossil leaf. b: Sketch of leaf showing the salient features of shape, basal lobes and margin, eccentric insertion point of the abaxial petiole, and primary actinodromous venation. Dashed lines represent torn edge of lamina; dotted line is outline of right basal lobe. Line drawing by P. Martin Sander. Scale bar applies to both photo and drawing. in First Water Lily, A Leaf Of Nymphaea Sp., From The Miocene Clarkia Flora, Northern Idaho, Usa: Occurrence, Taphonomic Observations, Floristic Implications
Text-fig. 2. Nymphaea sp. from the Miocene Clarkia Lake flora, Locality P-33. a: Photograph of the fossil leaf. b: Sketch of leaf showing the salient features of shape, basal lobes and margin, eccentric insertion point of the abaxial petiole, and primary actinodromous venation. Dashed lines represent torn edge of lamina; dotted line is outline of right basal lobe. Line drawing by P. Martin Sander. Scale bar applies to both photo and drawing.
Text-fig. 5. Free living colonies, showing a mode of preservation which does not allow for precise determination but clearly exhibiting features characteristic for Smittipora and/or Cupuladria and/or Reusirella. (note the clear intrazooecial buds). Specimen deposited in NM Prague under number T 3319. A – imprint, B – counterpart to fig A. C – Specimen deposited in SNM under number Z 37724. Optic photography. Scale bar 1 mm. in The Priabonian Bryozoan-Decapod Association From The Borové Formation (The Ďurkovec Quarry, Ne Slovakia) And Its Palaeoecological Implications
Text-fig. 5. Free living colonies, showing a mode of preservation which does not allow for precise determination but clearly exhibiting features characteristic for Smittipora and/or Cupuladria and/or Reusirella. (note the clear intrazooecial buds). Specimen deposited in NM Prague under number T 3319. A – imprint, B – counterpart to fig A. C – Specimen deposited in SNM under number Z 37724. Optic photography. Scale bar 1 mm.
Text-fig. 1. Main morphological features of scales (nomenclature according to Lagler 1947). a – ctenoid scale; b – cycloid scale. in Lepidological Review On The Fish Fauna Of The Kučlín Locality (Upper Eocene, Czech Republic)
Text-fig. 1. Main morphological features of scales (nomenclature according to Lagler 1947). a – ctenoid scale; b – cycloid scale.
Text-fig. 4. Taphonomic features of the studied localities of ammonoids. a: Sandstone slab with fragmentary remains of productid and spiriferid brachiopods, orthocerids, coiled nautiloids and ammonoids (stratigraphic level No. 3). b: Shell debris cluster and fragment of crushed ammonoid conch (stratigraphic level No. 1). c: Epibionts on the surface of an ammonoid conch (stratigraphic level No. 5). d: Cluster of bivalves, gastropods and cephalopods remains in a siderite nodule (stratigraphic level No. 5). e: Fragment of an ammonoid conch (stratigraphic level No. 3). f: Fragment of an ammonoid conch (?) with terminal aperture and brachiopod valve (stratigraphic level No. 3). g: Specimen of?Anthracoceratites sp. with conch injuries (shown by arrows) (stratigraphic level No. 8). h, i: Bioerosion trace fossils Cyclopuncta girtyi ELIAS, 1958 on the fragments of cephalopod conchs (stratigraphic level No. 5). j: Limonitized conchs of the ammonoid (stratigraphic level No. 7). k: Fragment of an ammonoid conch (stratigraphic level No. 5). Scale bars 10 mm. in Late Bashkirian Ammonoids From The Mospyne Formation Of The Donets Basin, Ukraine
Text-fig. 4. Taphonomic features of the studied localities of ammonoids. a: Sandstone slab with fragmentary remains of productid and spiriferid brachiopods, orthocerids, coiled nautiloids and ammonoids (stratigraphic level No. 3). b: Shell debris cluster and fragment of crushed ammonoid conch (stratigraphic level No. 1). c: Epibionts on the surface of an ammonoid conch (stratigraphic level No. 5). d: Cluster of bivalves, gastropods and cephalopods remains in a siderite nodule (stratigraphic level No. 5). e: Fragment of an ammonoid conch (stratigraphic level No. 3). f: Fragment of an ammonoid conch (?) with terminal aperture and brachiopod valve (stratigraphic level No. 3). g: Specimen of?Anthracoceratites sp. with conch injuries (shown by arrows) (stratigraphic level No. 8). h, i: Bioerosion trace fossils Cyclopuncta girtyi ELIAS, 1958 on the fragments of cephalopod conchs (stratigraphic level No. 5). j: Limonitized conchs of the ammonoid (stratigraphic level No. 7). k: Fragment of an ammonoid conch (stratigraphic level No. 5). Scale bars 10 mm.
Data from: Unmanned aerial systems measure structural habitat features for wildlife across multiple scales
1.Assessing habitat quality is a primary goal of ecologists. However, evaluating habitat features that relate strongly to habitat quality at fine-scale resolutions across broad-scale extents is challenging. Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) provide an avenue for bridging the gap between relatively high spatial resolution, low spatial extent field-based habitat quality measurements and lower spatial resolution, higher spatial extent satellite-based remote sensing. Our goal in this study was to evaluate the potential for UAS structure from motion (SfM) to estimate several dimensions of habitat quality that provide potential security from predators and forage for pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis) in a sagebrush-steppe environment. 2.At the plant and patch scales, we compared UAS-derived estimates of vegetation height, volume (estimate of food availability), and canopy cover to estimates from ground-based terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and field-based measurements. Then, we mapped habitat features across two sagebrush landscapes in Idaho, USA, using point clouds derived from UAS SfM. 3.At the individual plant scale, the UAS-derived estimates matched those from TLS for height (r2 = 0.85), volume (r2 = 0.94), and canopy cover (r2 = 0.68). However, there was less agreement with field-based measurements of height (r2 = 0.67), volume (r2 = 0.31), and canopy cover (r2 = 0.29). At the patch scale, UAS-derived estimates provided a better fit to field-based measurements (r2 = 0.51-0.78) than at the plant scale. Landscape-scale maps created from UAS were able to distinguish structural heterogeneity between key patch types. 4.Our work demonstrates that UAS was able to accurately estimate habitat heterogeneity for a key terrestrial vertebrate at multiple spatial scales. Given that many of the vegetation metrics we focus on are important for a wide variety of species, our work illustrates a general remote sensing approach for mapping and monitoring fine-resolution habitat quality across broad landscapes for use in studies of animal ecology, conservation, and land management.
Supporting Data: A large-scale dataset of solar event reports from automated feature recognition modules.
<p>This is the supporting dataset for the paper:</p> <p>A large-scale dataset of solar event reports from automated feature recognition modules. Michael A. Schuh, Rafal A. Angryk, Petrus C. Martens. Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, 2016.</p>
Chromosome VCF files and 1Mb recombination rate estimations for: Fine-scale recombination rate variation and association with genomic features in a butterfly
<p>Genetic recombination is a key molecular mechanism that has profound implications on both micro- and macro-evolutionary processes. However, the determinants of recombination rate variation in holocentric organisms are poorly understood, in particular in Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). The wood white butterfly (<em>Leptidea</em> <em>sinapis</em>) shows considerable intraspecific variation in chromosome numbers and is a suitable system for studying regional recombination rate variation and its potential molecular underpinnings. Here, we developed a large whole-genome resequencing data set from a population of wood whites to obtain high-resolution recombination maps using linkage disequilibrium information. The analyses revealed that larger chromosomes had a bimodal recombination landscape, potentially due to interference between simultaneous chiasmata. The recombination rate was significantly lower in subtelomeric regions, with exceptions associated with segregating chromosome rearrangements, showing that fissions and fusions can have considerable effects on the recombination landscape. There was no association between the inferred recombination rate and base composition, supporting a negligible influence of GC-biased gene conversion in butterflies. We found significant but variable associations between the recombination rate and the density of different classes of transposable elements (TEs), most notably a significant enrichment of SINEs in genomic regions with higher recombination rate. Finally, the analyses unveiled significant enrichment of genes involved in farnesyltranstransferase activity in recombination cold-spots, potentially indicating that expression of transferases can inhibit formation of chiasmata during meiotic division. Our results provide novel information about recombination rate variation in holocentric organisms and has particular implications for forthcoming research in population genetics, molecular/genome evolution and speciation.</p>
Data from: Unmanned aerial systems measure structural habitat features for wildlife across multiple scales
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Chromosome VCF files and 1Mb recombination rate estimations for: Fine-scale recombination rate variation and association with genomic features in a butterfly
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Data from: Applications of random forest feature selection for fine-scale genetic population assignment
Genetic population assignment used to inform wildlife management and conservation efforts requires panels of highly informative genetic markers and sensitive assignment tests. We explored the utility of machine-learning algorithms (random forest, regularized random forest, and guided regularized random forest) compared with FST ranking for selection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for fine-scale population assignment. We applied these methods to an unpublished SNP dataset for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and a published SNP data set for Alaskan Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). In each species, we identified the minimum panel size required to obtain a self-assignment accuracy of at least 90% using each method to create panels of 50-700 markers Panels of SNPs identified using random forest-based methods performed up to 7.8 and 11.2 percentage points better than FST-selected panels of similar size for the Atlantic salmon and Chinook salmon data, respectively. Self-assignment accuracy ≥90% was obtained with panels of 670 and 384 SNPs for each dataset, respectively, a level of accuracy never reached for these species using FST-selected panels. Our results demonstrate a role for machine-learning approaches in marker selection across large genomic datasets to improve assignment for management and conservation of exploited populations.
Processed KuaiRand-1K dataset for the paper: Large-Scale Multi-Domain Recommendation: an Automatic Domain Feature Extraction and Personalized Integration Framework
<p>The original public dataset is published in https://zenodo.org/records/10439422, we processed the KuaiRand-1K dataset for the paper: Large-Scale Multi-Domain Recommendation: an Automatic Domain Feature Extraction and Personalized Integration Framework.</p>
Cumulative arrival time distribution data for "Upscaling transport in heterogeneous media featuring local-scale dispersion: flow channeling, macro-retardation and parameter prediction"
<div> <div>This archive contains arrival time CDF data for a variety of transport simulations in heterogeneous Darcy flow fields, alongside metadata describing the flow fields. The flow fields were spatially periodic, intersected by uniformly-spaced imaginary planes. Arrival times represent length of time from particle departure from one plane until arrival at the next.</div> <div> </div> <div>Consult the README.md file at the top level of the archive for more information. The file format used to store the CDF data is documented in the Python script at the top level of the archive.</div> </div>
Cloud motion vectors used in "Formation of the Y feature at the Venusian cloud top by planetary-scale waves and the mean circulation: analysis of Venus Express VMC images"
<p>This is dataset of cloud motion vectors deduced used in "Formation of the Y feature at the Venusian cloud top by planetary-scale waves and the mean circulation: analysis of Venus Express VMC images".</p>
Figs. 11–15. Attavicinus monstrosus structural features. Scale bars equal 0.5 in Attavicinus, a New Generic Name for the Myrmecophilous Dung Beetle Liatongus monstrosus (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)
Figs. 11–15. Attavicinus monstrosus structural features. Scale bars equal 0.5 mm. 11) Pygidium and propygidium, male; 12) Pygidium and propygidium, female; 13) Male genitalia, lateral view; 14) Mesoscutum-scutellum; 15) Ventral surface of mesoventrite, metaventrite and leg bases with right metaleg removed.
Data from: Landscape genetics reveal broad and fine‐scale population structure due to landscape features and climate history in the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) in North Dakota
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Data from: Applications of random forest feature selection for fine-scale genetic population assignment
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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