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36 results for “feeding guilds”
Fig. 7 in Longitudinal use of feeding resources and distribution of fish trophic guilds in a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil
Fig. 7. Spearman correlations between the distribution (percentage frequency) of guilds and scores of the first axis of the principal components analysis (PCA1) applied to the correlation matrix of abiotic variables. White circle = headwaters; gray circle = middle stretch; and black circle = mouth of the Vermelho River, East Atlantic basin, Antonina, Paraná State, Brazil.
Fig. 5 in Longitudinal use of feeding resources and distribution of fish trophic guilds in a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil
Fig. 5. Longitudinal niche breadth (B values) of each fish trophic guild in the Vermelho River, East Atlantic basin, Antonina, Paraná State, Brazil. Aq = aquatic; ter = terrestrial.
Fig. 4 in Longitudinal use of feeding resources and distribution of fish trophic guilds in a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil
Fig. 4. Mean ± standard error of diet breadth (B) of fish trophic guilds in the Vermelho River, East Atlantic basin, Antonina, Paraná State, Brazil. Aq = aquatic; ter = terrestrial. Piscivores and omnivores are not included in the ANOVA.
Fig. 6 in Longitudinal use of feeding resources and distribution of fish trophic guilds in a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil
Fig. 6. Density (a) and biomass (b) of trophic guilds along the longitudinal gradient of the Vermelho River, East Atlantic basin, Antonina, Paraná State, Brazil. Aq = aquatic; ter = terrestrial.
Fig. 3 in Longitudinal use of feeding resources and distribution of fish trophic guilds in a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil
Fig. 3. Ordination of fish species in the respective trophic guilds (a, b, c) and food items (d, e, f) along the longitudinal gradient of the Vermelho River, East Atlantic basin, Antonina, Paraná State, Brazil. Circles represent species belonging to the same trophic guild. Codes according to Table 3.
Fig. 2 in Longitudinal use of feeding resources and distribution of fish trophic guilds in a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil
Fig. 2. Ordination of sampling sections along the environmental gradient defined by the first two axes of the principal components analysis (PCA1 and PCA2) applied to the correlation matrix of abiotic variables of the Vermelho River, East Atlantic basin, Antonina, Paraná State, Brazil.
Fig. 1 in Longitudinal use of feeding resources and distribution of fish trophic guilds in a coastal Atlantic stream, southern Brazil
Fig. 1. Location of the Vermelho River, East Atlantic basin, Antonina, Paraná State, Brazil. Black circles indicate the sampling sections; arrow indicates the direction of flow.
FIGURE 3 in Convergent responses of fish belonging to different feeding guilds to sewage pollution
FIGURE 3 | Distribution of the piscivorous species Hoplias intermedius (red points) and the detritivorous species Hypostomus francisci (blue points) in the bi-plot space by study regions: A. Upper RV, B. Middle RV, C. Lower RV and D. Control sites. Resources: GR = Grasses; RV= Riparian vegetation; PE = periphyton; SW = Sewage (before treatment); AL = filamentous algae and FS = Fish.
FIGURE 2 in Convergent responses of fish belonging to different feeding guilds to sewage pollution
FIGURE 2 | Variation in the isotopic composition of carbon (A. and C.) and nitrogen (C. and D.) in the piscivorous species Hoplias intermedius (A. and C.) and the detritivorous species Hypostomus francisci (B. and D.) among the studied regions.
FIGURE 1 in Convergent responses of fish belonging to different feeding guilds to sewage pollution
FIGURE 1 | Sampling network in the rio das Velhas basin, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Sampling sites at rio das Velhas main stem (RV-01 to RV- 05), rio Taquaraçu (TQ); rio Jaboticatubas (JB); rio Cipó (CP1 and CP2); rio da Onça (ON); rio Bicudo (BI); rio Curimataí (CU); and Sewage Treatment Plants (STP's).
Coleoptera morphospecies with feeding guild (at family level) in sub project 7 in KiLi project
<p>Coleoptera morphospecies with feeding guild (at family level). </p> <p>Assemblages of ground-dwelling beetles were sampled with pitfall traps8. Ten pitfall traps were evenly spaced along two 50 m transects, with a distance of 10 m between individual traps and 20 m between transects. Pitfall traps were filled with 100-200 ml solution of equal parts of ethylenglycol and water with a drop of liquid soap to break the surface tension. The traps were placed on the sampling sites in June 2012 and collected after seven days. As the number of individuals collected in ten traps was very high and all individuals could not be analyzed in time, for the present analysis, we processed only three traps from each study site. Ground-dwelling beetles were sorted to morphospecies level, and where possible, to species.</p> <p>The KiLi project (2010-2018) is a German Science Foundation (DFG) funded research unit (DFG research unit FOR1246) that focuses on biodiversity and ecosystem processes along altitudinal and disturbance gradients on Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania, Africa), capitalizing on its world-wide unique range of climatic and vegetation zones. The research unit comprises 2 central projects and 7 subprojects from various disciplines. On a total of 60 study sites in both natural and human-disturbed ecosystems biodiversity (e.g. plants, soil arthropods, ants, bees, frogs, lizards, bats, birds), related ecosystem processes (decomposition, seed dispersal, pollination, herbivory, predation), and biogeochemical processes and properties of ecosystems (climate, soil properties and nutrient status, regulation of water and carbon fluxes, trace gas emissions, primary productivity, functional diversity) are analyzed.</p>
Network analyses reveal the role of large snakes in connecting feeding guilds in a species-rich Amazonian snake community
<p class="normal">In ecological communities, interactions between consumers and resources lead to the emergence of ecological networks and a fundamental problem to solve is to understand which factors shape network structure. Empirical and theoretical studies on ecological networks suggest predator body size is a key factor structuring patterns of interaction. Because larger predators consume a wider resource range, including the prey consumed by smaller predators, we hypothesized that variation in body size favors the rise of nestedness. In contrast, if resource consumption requires specific adaptations, predators are expected to consume distinct sets of resources, thus favoring modularity. We investigate these predictions by characterising the trophic network of a species-rich Amazonian snake community (62 species). Our results revealed an intricate network pattern resulting from larger species feeding on higher diversity of prey, promoting nestedness, and specific lifestyles feeding on distinct resources, promoting modularity. Species removal simulations indicated that the nested structure is favored mainly by the presence of five species of the family Boidae, which because of their body size and generalist lifestyles connect modules in the network. Our study highlights the particular ways traits affect the structure of interactions among consumers and resources at the community level.</p>
Data from: Challenging trophic position assessments in complex ecosystems: calculation method, choice of baseline, trophic enrichment factors, season and feeding guild do matter. A case study from Marquesas Islands coral reefs
<p>Assessments of ecosystem functioning are a fundamental ecological challenge and an essential foundation for ecosystem-based management. An understanding of species trophic positions (TP) is essential to characterize food web architecture. However, despite the intuitive nature of the concept, empirically estimating TP is a challenging task due to the complexity of trophic interaction networks. Various alternative methods are proposed to assess TPs, including different approaches to account for the different sources of organic matter at the base of the food web (the "baseline"). However, it is often not clear which methodological approach and which baseline choices are the most reliable. Using an ecosystem-wide assessment of a tropical reef (Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, with available data for 70 coral reef invertebrate and fish species), we tested whether different commonly used TP estimation methods yield similar results and, if not, whether it is possible to identify the most reliable method. We found significant differences in TP estimates of up to 1.7 TP for the same species, depending on the method and the baseline used. When using bulk stable isotope data, the choice of the baseline significantly impacted TP values. Indeed, while δ<sup>15</sup>N values of macroalgae led to consistent TP estimates, those using phytoplankton generated unrealistically low TP estimates. The use of a conventional enrichment factor (i.e. 3.4 ‰) or a "variable" enrichment factor (i.e. according to feeding guilds) also produced clear discrepancies between TP estimates. Regarding the use of different calculation methods, TPs obtained with δ<sup>15</sup>N values of source amino acids (compound specifics isotope analysis) were close to those assessed with macroalgae, but evidenced the opposite seasonal pattern, with significantly lower TPs in winter than in summer for the majority of assessed species, with particularly pronounced differences for lower TP species. We use the observed differences to discuss possible drivers of the diverging TP estimates and the potential ecological implications.</p>
Data from: Challenging trophic position assessments in complex ecosystems: calculation method, choice of baseline, trophic enrichment factors, season and feeding guild do matter. A case study from Marquesas Islands coral reefs
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Network analyses reveal the role of large snakes in connecting feeding guilds in a species-rich Amazonian snake community
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Supplementary material 1 from: Rodríguez J, Novoa A, Cordero-Rivera A, Richardson DM, González L (2020) Biogeographical comparison of terrestrial invertebrates and trophic feeding guilds in the native and invasive ranges of Carpobrotus edulis. NeoBiota 56: 49-72. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.56.49087
Biogeographical comparison of terrestrial invertebrates and trophic feeding guilds in the native and invasive ranges of Carpobrotus edulis
Data from: Assessing feeding preferences of a consumer guild: partitioning variation among versus within species
Interspecific variation in resource use is critical to understanding species diversity, coexistence, and ecosystem functioning. A growing body of research describes analogous intraspecific variation and its potential importance for population dynamics and community outcomes. However, the magnitude of intraspecific variation relative to interspecific variation in key dimensions of consumer-resource interactions remains unknown, and is critical for understanding the importance of this variation for population and community processes. In this study, we examine feeding preference through repeated laboratory choice feeding assays of 444 wild-caught individuals of eight invertebrate grazer species on rocky reefs in northern California, USA. Between-species variation accounted for 25-33% of the total variation in preference for the preferred resource, while between-individual variation accounted for 4-5% of total variation. For two of the eight species, between-individual variation was significantly different from zero and contributed on-average 14% and 17% of the total diet variation, even after accounting for differences due to size and sex. Therefore, even with clearly distinguishable between-species differences in mean preference, diet variation between and within individuals can contribute to the dietary niche width of species and guilds, which may be overlooked by focusing solely on species' mean resource use patterns.
FIGURES 13. D in A new species of Diatraea Guilding, 1828, feeding on sugarcane from Nayarit, Mexico, and a lectotype designation for Diatraea magnifactella Dyar, 1911 (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Crambinae)
FIGURES 13. D. nayaritella Robles & Solis, sp. nov., female genitalia, paratype, #4, Nayarit, Mexico, USNMENT01899043 (female mounted dorsoventrally with the abdominal segments pulled aside). Scale bar: 5mm.
FIGURES 7–12. Male genitalia. 7, D in A new species of Diatraea Guilding, 1828, feeding on sugarcane from Nayarit, Mexico, and a lectotype designation for Diatraea magnifactella Dyar, 1911 (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Crambinae)
FIGURES 7–12. Male genitalia. 7, D. magnifactella, lectotype, USNM slide #97395, vinculum/valvae/phallus. 8, D. magnifactella, lectotype, USNM slide #97395, tegumen/uncus/gnathos, USNM slide #97395. 9, D. considerata, holotype, genitalia including phallus, USNM slide #97489. 10, D. nayaritella Robles & Solis, sp. nov., vinculum, valvae, paratype, #326, USNMENT01899047. 11, D. nayaritella Robles & Solis, sp. nov., tegumen/uncus/gnathos, paratype, #326, USNMENT01899047. [tll=tegumen lateral lobe, cbl=costa basal lobe]; 12, D. nayaritella Robles & Solis, sp. nov., phallus, holotype, #326, Nayarit, Mexico, USNMENT01899047. Scale bar: 1mm.
FIGURES 3–6. Adults. 3 in A new species of Diatraea Guilding, 1828, feeding on sugarcane from Nayarit, Mexico, and a lectotype designation for Diatraea magnifactella Dyar, 1911 (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Crambinae)
FIGURES 3–6. Adults. 3, Diatraea considerata Heinrich, holotype, male, El Dorado, Mexico, USNMENT01433904. 4, Diatraea magnifactella Dyar, lectotype, male, Orizaba, Mexico, USNMENT0143236. 5, Diatraea nayaritella Robles & Solis, sp. nov., holotype, male, Santa María del Oro, Nayarit, Mexico, USNMENT01894344. 6, Diatraea nayaritella Robles & Solis, sp. nov., allotype, female, USNMENT01894339, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico.
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