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61 results for “feeding interactions”
Fig. 2. Feeding activity during the 2021 in Vantage point surveys of cetaceans (Mammalia, Cetacea) and their interactions with marine birds
Fig. 2. Feeding activity during the 2021 observations at Cape Emine - white dot; blue – T. t. ponticus, green – P. p. relicta, red – D. d. ponticus, yellow - vantage - point.
Data for: Feeding frequency does not interact with BPA exposure to influence metabolism of behaviour in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
<p><span>Resource limitation can constrain energy (ATP) production, and thereby affect locomotion and behaviour such as exploration of novel environments and boldness. Consequently, ecological processes such as dispersal and interactions within and between species may be influenced by food availability. Energy metabolism, and behaviour are regulated by endocrine signaling, and may therefore be impacted by endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) such as bisphenol A (BPA) derived from plastic manufacture and pollution. It is important to determine the impacts of these novel environmental contexts to understand how human activity alters individual physiology and behaviour and thereby populations. Our aim was to determine whether BPA exposure interacts with feeding frequency to alter metabolism and behaviour. In a fully factorial experiment, we show that low feeding frequency reduced zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) mass, condition, resting metabolic rates, total distance moved and speed in a novel arena, as well as anxiety indicated by the number of times fish returned to a dark shelter. However, feeding frequency did not significantly affect maximal metabolic rates, aerobic scope, swimming performance, latency to leave a shelter, or metabolic enzyme activities (citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase). Natural or anthropogenic fluctuation in food resources can therefore impact energetics and movement of animals with repercussions for ecological processes such as dispersal. BPA exposure reduced LDH activity and body mass, but did not interact with feeding frequency. Hence, behaviour of adult fish is relatively insensitive to disruption by BPA. However, alteration of LDH activity by BPA could disrupt lactate metabolism and signalling and together with reduction in body mass could affect size-dependent reproductive output. BPA released by plastic manufacture and pollution can thereby impact conservation and management of natural resources. </span></p>
Data from: Higher-order species interactions cause time-dependent niche and fitness differences: experimental evidence in plant-feeding arthropods
<p><strong>trajectories.csv </strong>(the raw data)</p> <p><strong>id</strong>: replicate identifier<br><strong>variant</strong>: co-existence status ("competition" or "monoculture")<br><strong>day</strong>: day of experiment<br><strong>species</strong>: mite species ("CRM" or "WCM")<br><strong>n</strong>: population density</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>model.R</strong></p> <p>The R script with the GAMM fitted to the trajectory data (the GAMM model is saved as <strong>model.RData</strong>); also produces simulations from this model (saved as <strong>sim.csv</strong>).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>model.RData</strong></p> <p>The GAMM for growth rates.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>sim.csv</strong> (simulations from the GAMM)</p> <p><strong>day</strong>: day of experiment<br><strong>spec_var</strong>: combination of co-existence status ("competition" or "monoculture") and species ("CRM" or "WCM")<br><strong>X1:X1000</strong>: population densities simulated from the fitted GAMM (on the log scale)</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>NFD_over_time_monte_carlo_gam.py</strong></p> <p>Python script to compute niche and fitness differences. Takes <strong>sim.csv</strong> (densities over time for different instantiations) and <strong>model.RData</strong> (stores the GAMM from R for the growth rates) as input and generates the file <strong>Data_NFD_monte_carlo_multi_c.csv</strong> which stores the niche and fitness differences computed for these communities.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>figures.R</strong></p> <p>The R script that produces Figures 2-4.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>plot_biotic_model.py</strong></p> <p>Python code to generate the figures S3 and S4 showing the simulations of a biotic resource competition model. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>plot_abiotic_model.py</strong></p> <p>Python code to generate the figures S1 and S2 showing simulations of an abiotic resource competition model. </p>
Artificial selection in human-wildlife feeding interactions
<p>The artificial selection of traits in wildlife populations through hunting and fishing has been well documented. However, despite their rising popularity, the role that artificial selection may play in non-extractive wildlife activities, e.g., recreational feeding activities, remains unknown.</p> <p>If only a subset of a population takes advantage of human-wildlife feeding interactions, and if this results in different fitness advantages for these individuals, then artificial selection may be at work. We have tested this hypothesis using a wild fallow deer population living at the edge of a capital city as our model population.</p> <p>In contrast to previous assumptions on the randomness of human-wildlife feeding interactions, we found that a limited non-random portion of an entire population is continuously engaging with people. We found that the willingness to beg for food from humans exists on a continuum of inter-individual repeatable behaviour; which ranges from risk-taking individuals repeatedly seeking and obtaining food, to shyer individuals avoiding human contact and not receiving food at all, despite all individuals having received equal exposure to human presence from birth and coexisting in the same herds together. Bolder individuals obtain significantly more food directly from humans, resulting in early interception of food offerings and preventing other individuals from obtaining supplemental feeding.</p> <p>Those females that beg consistently also produce significantly heavier fawns (300-500g heavier), which may provide their offspring with a survival advantage. This indicates that these interactions result in disparity in diet and nutrition across the population, impacting associated physiology and reproduction, and may result in artificial selection of the begging behavioural trait.</p> <p>This is the first time that this consistent variation in behaviour and its potential link to artificial selection has been identified in a wildlife population and reveals new potential effects of human-wildlife feeding interactions in other species across both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. 22-Jun-2022 --</p>
Biomass encounter rates limit the size scaling of feeding interactions: trial data
<p>Experimental trial data for the publication: Biomass encounter rates limit the size scaling of feeding interactions.</p>
Data from: Evolution of a cross-feeding interaction following a key innovation in a long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli
<p>The evolution of a novel trait can profoundly change an organism's effects on its environment, which can in turn affect the further evolution of that organism and any coexisting organisms. We examine these effects and feedbacks following the evolution of a novel function in the Long-Term Evolution Experiment (LTEE) with <em>Escherichia</em> <em>coli</em>. A characteristic feature of <em>E. coli</em> is its inability to grow aerobically on citrate (Cit<sup>−</sup>). Nonetheless, a Cit<sup>+</sup> variant with this capacity evolved in one LTEE population after 31,000 generations. The Cit<sup>+</sup>clade then coexisted stably with another clade that retained the ancestral Cit<sup>−</sup> phenotype. This coexistence was shaped by the evolution of a cross-feeding relationship based on C<sub>4</sub>-dicarboxylic acids, particularly succinate, fumarate, and malate, that the Cit<sup>+</sup> variants release into the medium. Both the Cit<sup>−</sup> and Cit<sup>+</sup> cells evolved to grow on these excreted resources. The evolution of aerobic growth on citrate thus led to a transition from an ecosystem based on a single limiting resource, glucose, to one with at least five resources that were either shared or partitioned between the two coexisting clades. Our findings show that evolutionary novelties can change environmental conditions in ways that facilitate diversity by altering ecosystem structure and the evolutionary trajectories of coexisting lineages.</p>
Data and R code for: Handling- or digestion-limited predator: the role of body masses and habitat complexity in predator-prey feeding interaction
<p><span>Predator functional response is a key element of feeding interactions that quantify the per capita feeding rates of predators depending on prey density, and variation in its parameters is strongly associated with interaction strength and population dynamics. We studied 18 functional responses of the marine whelk-bivalve systems across three levels of predator body size and three prey species at two habitat structures. We found that the marine whelk can be a handling-limited predator which received less attention so far. We propose that the handling-limited predator can further be categorized into two types: pursuing-limited (where maximum feeding rate could be influenced by habitat complexity) and ingesting-limited (where maximum feeding rate is impacted not by habitat complexity, but predator-prey body mass ratios and prey defense strategy). Our results show that handling time scales negatively with predator-prey body mass ratios, but there are layers of complexity nested within this trend. We first provide an underlying mechanism of this trend is the transition from handling to digestion limitation with increasing predator-prey body mass ratios. In addition to confirming known body mass ratios and habitat structure effects, our study confirms the importance of prey types. Our study reveals that simple assumptions about body masses and prey defense strategy may usefully refine estimates of feeding interactions in complex food webs.</span></p>
Artificial selection in human-wildlife feeding interactions
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Data for: Feeding frequency does not interact with BPA exposure to influence metabolism of behaviour in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
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Data from: Evolution of a cross-feeding interaction following a key innovation in a long-term evolution experiment with Escherichia coli
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Interaction networks of nectar-feeding bats and plants in central Mexico
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Data and R code for: Handling- or digestion-limited predator: the role of body masses and habitat complexity in predator-prey feeding interaction
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Figure 6. Feeding variation during ENSO phenomenon. a in Life is uncertainı eat dessert first: feeding ecology and prey-predator interactions of the coffee snake Ninia atrata
Figure 6. Feeding variation during ENSO phenomenon. a) Linear regression models that relate the number of snakes with stomach content and prey abundance at microhabitats per sampling visit (n = 32). b) t-Test comparing the abundance of snakes with stomach content (n = 314) between good and bad climate years. Box represents the interquartile range, the line across the box indicates the median, the minimal and maximal values are provided with the whiskers.
Figure 4 in Life is uncertainı eat dessert first: feeding ecology and prey-predator interactions of the coffee snake Ninia atrata
Figure 4. Patterns of food intake, fat storage, and body size between sexes. a) The density of individuals with stomach contents tends to increase constantly with the increment of the body size in males. In contrast, the number of females with stomach contents start to grow nearly when their reached size of sexual maturity (>270 mm), before it, females maintain almost the same number of individuals with stomach contents despite their increase in body size (n = 264). b) Fat body area increase with the increment of the body size, being higher in females than males (n = 170). Redline depicts sexual maturity size in females.
Figure 3 in Life is uncertainı eat dessert first: feeding ecology and prey-predator interactions of the coffee snake Ninia atrata
Figure 3. Sexual dimorphism of Ninia atrata. a) Linear regression model of weight versus snout-vent length (SVL) depicting no-significative differences between sexes (n = 425). b) ANCOVA analysis depicting that males have longer heads than females in relation to their weight (n = 170).
Figure 1 in Life is uncertainı eat dessert first: feeding ecology and prey-predator interactions of the coffee snake Ninia atrata
Figure 1. Study area. Oil palm plantation (Elaeis guineensis Jacq 1897) of PALMASOL S.A. Red polygons represent the production batches sampled. Snakes collected from batches 8, 9 and 15 were fixed to perform dissections of their digestive tracts. Snakes from the Batch 13 were employed in the mark-recapture experiments.
Phytochemistry-mediated disruption of ant-aphid interactions by root-feeding nematodes
<p>Plants link interactions between aboveground and belowground organisms. Herbivore-induced changes in plant chemistry are hypothesized to impact entire food webs by changing the strength of trophic cascades. Yet few studies have explored how belowground herbivores affect the behaviors of generalist predators, nor how such changes may act through diverse changes to the plant metabolome. Using a factorial experiment, we tested whether herbivory by root-knot nematodes (<i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>) affected the aboveground interaction among milkweed plants (<i>Asclepias fascicularis</i> or <i>Asclepias speciosa</i>), oleander aphids (<i>Aphis nerii</i>),<i> </i>and aphid-tending ants (<i>Linepithema humile</i>). We quantified the behaviors of aphid-tending ants, and we measured the effects of herbivore treatments on aphid densities and on phytochemistry. Unexpectedly, ants tended aphids primarily on the leaves of uninfected plants, whereas ants tended aphids primarily at the base of the stem of nematode-infected plants. In nematode-infected plants, aphids excreted more sugar per capita in their ant-attracting honeydew. Additionally, although plant chemistry was species-specific, nematode infection generally decreased the richness of plant secondary metabolites while acting as a protein sink in the roots. Path analysis indicated that the ants' behavioral change was driven in part by indirect effects of nematodes acting through changes in plant chemistry. We conclude that belowground herbivores can affect the behaviors of aboveground generalist ant predators by multiple paths, including changes in phytochemistry, which may affect the attractiveness of aphid honeydew rewards.</p>
Data from: Do intraspecific or interspecific interactions determine responses to predators feeding on a shared size-structured prey community?
1. Coexistence of predators that share the same prey is common. This is still the case in size structured predator communities where predators consume prey species of different sizes (interspecific prey responses) or consume different size classes of the same species of prey (intraspecific prey responses). 2. A mechanism has recently been proposed to explain coexistence between predators that differ in size but share the same prey species, emergent facilitation, which is dependent on strong intraspecific responses from one or more prey species. Under emergent facilitation predators can depend on each other for invasion, persistence or success in a size structured prey community. 3. Experimental evidence for intraspecific size-structured responses in prey populations remain rare and further questions remain about direct interactions between predators that could prevent or limit any positive effects between predators (e.g. intraguild predation). 4. Here we provide a community wide experiment on emergent facilitation including natural predators. We investigate both the direct interaction between two predators that differ in body size (fish vs. invertebrate predator) and the indirect interaction between them via their shared prey community (zooplankton). 5. Our evidence supports the most likely expectation of interactions between differently sized predators, that intraguild predation rates are high and interspecific interactions in the shared prey community dominate the response to predation (i.e. predator-mediated competition). The question of whether emergent facilitation occurs frequently in nature requires more empirical and theoretical attention, specifically to address the likelihood that its pre-conditions may co-occur with high rates of intraguild predation.
Data from: Local interactions and self-organized spatial patterns stabilize microbial cross-feeding against cheaters
Mutualisms are ubiquitous, but models predict they should be susceptible to cheating. Resolving this paradox has become relevant to synthetic ecology: cooperative cross-feeding, a nutrient exchange mutualism, has been proposed to stabilize microbial consortia. Previous attempts to understand how cross-feeders remain robust to non-producing cheaters have relied on complex behavior (e.g., cheater punishment) or group selection. Using a stochastic spatial model, we demonstrate two novel mechanisms that can allow cross-feeders to outcompete cheaters, rather than just escape from them. Both mechanisms work through the spatial segregation of the resources, which prevents individual cheaters from acquiring the resources they need to reproduce. First, if microbe dispersal is low but resources are shared widely, then the cross-feeders self-organize into stable spatial patterns. Here the cross-feeders can build up where the resource they need is abundant, and send their resource to where their partner is, separating resources at regular intervals in space. Second, if dispersal is high but resource sharing is local, then random variation in population density creates small-scale variation in resource density, separating the resources from each other by chance. These results suggest that cross-feeding may be more robust than previously expected and offer strategies to engineer stable consortia.
Data from: Plant fertilization interacts with life history: variation in stoichiometry and performance in nettle-feeding butterflies.
Variation in food stoichiometry affects individual performance and population dynamics, but it is also likely that species with different life histories should differ in their sensitivity to food stoichiometry. To address this question, we investigated the ability of the three nettle-feeding butterflies (Aglais urticae, Polygonia c-album, and Aglais io) to respond adaptively to induced variation in plant stoichiometry in terms of larval performance. We hypothesized that variation in larval performance between plant fertilization treatments should be functionally linked to species differences in host plant specificity. We found species-specific differences in larval performance between plant fertilization treatments that could not be explained by nutrient limitation. We showed a clear evidence of a positive correlation between food stoichiometry and development time to pupal stage and pupal mass in A. urticae. The other two species showed a more complex response. Our results partly supported our prediction that host plant specificity affects larval sensitivity to food stoichiometry. However, we suggest that most of the differences observed may instead be explained by differences in voltinism (number of generations per year). We believe that the potential of some species to respond adaptively to variation in plant nutrient content needs further attention in the face of increased eutrophication due to nutrient leakage from human activities.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.