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13 results for “feeding kinematics”
Cranial kinematics and prey-type effects in Amia ocellicauda feeding strikes
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Data from: Context-dependent scaling of kinematics and energetics during contests and feeding in mantis shrimp
Measurements of energy use, and its scaling with size, are critical to understanding how organisms accomplish myriad tasks. For example, energy budgets are central to game theory models of assessment during contests and underlie patterns of feeding behavior. Clear tests connecting energy to behavioral theory require measurements of the energy use of single individuals for particular behaviors. Many species of mantis shrimp (Stomatopoda: Crustacea) use elastic energy storage to power high-speed strikes that they deliver to opponents during territorial contests and to hard-shelled prey while feeding. We compared the scaling of strike kinematics and energetics between feeding and contests in the mantis shrimp Neogonodactylus bredini. We filmed strikes with high-speed video, measured strike velocity, and used a mathematical model to calculate strike energy. During contests, strike velocity did not scale with body size but strike energy scaled positively with size. Conversely, while feeding, strike velocity decreased with increasing size and strike energy did not vary according to body size. Individuals most likely achieved this strike variation through differential compression of their exoskeletal spring prior to the strike. Post-hoc analyses found that N. bredini used greater velocity and energy when striking larger opponents, yet variation in prey size was not accompanied by varying strike velocity or energetics. Our estimates of energetics inform prior tests of contest and feeding behavior in this species. More broadly, our findings elucidate the role behavioral context plays in measurements of animal performance.
A new theoretical performance landscape for suction feeding reveals adaptive kinematics in a natural population of reef damselfish
<p><span>Understanding how organismal traits determine performance and</span><span>, </span><span>ultimately</span><span>, </span><span>fitness is a fundamental goal of evolutionary ecomorphology. However, multiple traits can interact in non-linear and context-dependent ways to affect performance, hindering efforts to place natural populations with respect to performance peaks or valleys. Here, we used an established mechanistic model of suction-feeding performance (SIFF) derived from hydrodynamic principles to estimate a theoretical performance landscape for zooplankton prey capture. This performance space can be used to predict prey capture performance for any combination of six morphological and kinematic trait values. We then mapped in situ high-speed video observations of suction feeding in a natural population of a coral reef zooplanktivore, Chromis viridis, onto the performance space to estimate the population's location with respect to the topography of the performance landscape. Although the kinematics of the natural population closely matched regions of high performance in the landscape, the population was not located on a performance peak. Individuals were furthest from performance peaks on the peak gape, ram speed and mouth opening speed trait axes. Moreover, we found that the trait combination</span><span>s </span><span>in the observed population were associated with higher performance than expected by chance, suggesting that these combinations are under selection. Our results provide a framework for assessing whether natural populations occupy performance optima.</span></p>
Individual variation in feeding performance and kinematics in the canary
<ol> <li><span>In granivorous songbirds, feeding is a complex process as seeds need to be dehusked before they can be consumed, making the feeding act a biomechanically challenging endeavour. However, most previous research has focused on how beak morphology affects feeding performance, while the influences of beak kinematics remain largely unknown. </span></li> <li><span>In this study, we hence investigated at the individual level how feeding performance (i.e. seed processing time and success rate) relates to both beak kinematics (i.e. beak tip speed, acceleration, frequency) and skill (i.e. seed handling tactics and cracking techniques) in the Canary (<em>Serinus</em> <em>canaria</em>). To do so, high-speed videos during feeding were recorded and subjected to automated tracking of beak tip movements.</span></li> <li><span>Better skills, i.e. accurate positioning of the seed for being split in half, reduced total seed handling time compared to more random positioning and crushing the husk into multiple, scattering fragments. Surprisingly, individual variation in beak speed, acceleration, or frequency generally did not relate to differences in performance. </span></li> <li><span>Thus, our data suggests that seed positioning precision, and hence the control of coordinated beak and tongue movement, is critical to minimize feeding durations in songbirds. Further studies are needed to explore whether this develops via a positive feedback between behaviour, learning and increased efficiency or if it relates to intrinsic differences.</span></li> </ol>
Individual variation in feeding performance and kinematics in the canary
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A new theoretical performance landscape for suction feeding reveals adaptive kinematics in a natural population of reef damselfish
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Feeding performance, kinematics and skills change with age in a granivorous songbird
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Data from: Context-dependent scaling of kinematics and energetics during contests and feeding in mantis shrimp
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Kinematic and morphological data from: Trophic guilds of suction-feeding fish are distinguished by their characteristic hydrodynamics of swimming and feeding
<p>Suction-feeding in fish is a ubiquitous form of prey capture whose outcome depends both on the movements of the predator and the prey, and on the dynamics of the surrounding fluid, which exerts forces on the two organisms. The inherent complexity of suction-feeding has challenged previous efforts to understand how the feeding strikes are modified when species evolve to feed on different prey types. Here, we utilize the concept of dynamic similarity, commonly applied to understanding the mechanisms of swimming, flying, walking, and aquatic feeding. We characterize the hydrodynamic regimes pertaining to 1) the forward movement of the fish (ram), and 2) the suction flows for feeding strikes of 71 species of acanthomorph fish. A discriminant function analysis revealed that feeding strikes of zooplanktivores, generalists, and piscivores could be distinguished based on their hydrodynamic regimes. Furthermore, a phylogenetic comparative analysis revealed that there are distinctive hydrodynamic adaptive peaks associated with zooplanktivores, generalists, and piscivores. The scaling of dynamic similarity across species, body sizes, and feeding guilds in fish indicates that elementary hydrodynamic principles govern the trophic evolution of suction-feeding in fish.</p>
Kinematic and morphological data from: Trophic guilds of suction-feeding fish are distinguished by their characteristic hydrodynamics of swimming and feeding
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Data from: Intermediate kinematics produce inferior feeding performance in a classic case of natural hybridization
Selection on naturally-occurring hybrid individuals is a key component of speciation theory, but few studies examine the functional basis of hybrid performance. We examine the functional consequences of hybridization in nature using the freshwater sunfishes (Centrarchidae), where natural hybrids have been studied for over a century and a half. We examined bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), and their naturally-occurring hybrid using prey capture kinematics and morphology to parameterize suction feeding simulations on divergent parental resources. Hybrid individuals exhibited intermediate kinematics between the two parental species. However, performance assays indicated that hybrids display performance most similar to the worse-performing species for a given parental resource. Our results show that intermediate hybrid phenotypes can be impaired by a less than intermediate performance and hence suffer a larger loss in fitness than could be inferred from morphology alone.
Data from: Intermediate kinematics produce inferior feeding performance in a classic case of natural hybridization
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Data from: Hydrodynamic regime determines the feeding success of larval fish through the modulation of strike kinematics
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