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8 results for “feline immunodeficiency virus”
Fig. 1 in Equal contributions of feline immunodeficiency virus and coinfections to morbidity in African lions
Fig. 1. FIV infection is common in lions of Kruger National Park. Within the sample population, 72.8% (142/195) of lions were infected with FIV. Prevalence of FIV infection was similar between males and females (75.6% versus 70.2%; n = 74 and 121, respectively), but increased with host age (a). For ease of visualization, age has been broken up by life stage into cubs (0–2yrs), subadults (2.1–4yrs), young adults (4.1–6yrs), prime adults (6.1–8yrs), and seniors (>8yrs) based on previous age classifications (Schaller, 1976). Regional prevalence of FIV was highest in the central region and lowest in the north (b). The map to the right shows locations where lion prides were sampled.
Fig. 4 in Equal contributions of feline immunodeficiency virus and coinfections to morbidity in African lions
Fig. 4. FIV has strong direct and indirect effects on overall health. The final path model (a) shows only statistically significant relationships between manifest variables (rectangles) and latent variables (circles) for FIV infection, immune response (IMM), coinfections with hemoparasites (Hemoparasites), co-infections with gastrointestinal parasites (Helminths), and morbidity (Morbidity). Note that the parameter βx,z between each variable of interest represents the path coefficient obtained from least squares regression examining the relationship between one latent variable and the next (for example, FIV to IMM). Blue arrows represent positive relationships, whereas red arrows denote negative relationships. Final sample size was 106 lions.
Fig. 3 in Equal contributions of feline immunodeficiency virus and coinfections to morbidity in African lions
Fig. 3. FIV significantly increases the prevalence of select gastrointestinal and hemoparasitic coinfections, as well as overall parasite richness for both groups. Graph (a) shows the prevalence of coinfecting parasites isolated in lions from this study. Sample size for the parasite groups included is as follows: n = 114 for gastrointestinal parasites; n = 190 for hemoparasites; and n = 195 for viral parasites. Coinfections are broken down by FIV status (positive versus negative). The two additional graphs illustrate the relationship between FIV status and gastrointestinal parasite richness (b) and hemoparasite richness (c).
Fig. 2 in Equal contributions of feline immunodeficiency virus and coinfections to morbidity in African lions
Fig. 2. FIV has broad effects on lion health and is associated with progressive immune impairment. Box (2a) above provides a complete list of the health metrics measured for the purposes of this study. Arrows to the right of each variable summarize the directionality of statistically significant changes with FIV infection. Descriptive statistics and reference values can be found in Table 2. Complete model output can be found in supplementary tables S1–S4. For ease of visualization, each parameter has been broken into categories of clinical relevance. To the right, age-related changes in lymphocyte profiles are shown for total lymphocyte counts in FIV-positive versus FIV-negative lions (b); as well as specific lymphocyte subsets in FIV-positive lions (c). Due to small sample size for lymphocyte subsets, subadults, and cubs have been included together under the 'juvenile' category.
Data from: Feline immunodeficiency virus in puma: estimation of force of infection reveals insights into transmission
Determining parameters that govern pathogen transmission (such as the force of infection, FOI), and pathogen impacts on morbidity and mortality, is exceptionally challenging for wildlife. Vital parameters can vary, for example across host populations, between sexes and within an individual's lifetime. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus affecting domestic and wild cat species, forming species-specific viral--host associations. FIV infection is common in populations of puma (Puma concolor), yet uncertainty remains over transmission parameters and the significance of FIV infection for puma mortality. In this study the age-specific FOI of FIV in pumas was estimated from prevalence data, and the evidence for disease-associated mortality was assessed. We fitted candidate models to FIV prevalence data and adopted a maximum likelihood method to estimate parameter values in each model. The models with the best fit were determined to infer the most likely FOI curves. We applied this strategy for female and male pumas from southern California, Colorado, and Florida. When splitting the data by sex and area, our FOI modelling revealed no evidence of disease-associated mortality in any population. Both sex and location were found to influence the FOI, which was generally higher for male pumas than for females. For female pumas at all sites, and male pumas from California and Colorado, the FOI did not vary with puma age, implying FIV transmission can happen throughout life; this result supports the idea that transmission can occur from mothers to offspring and also throughout adult life. For Florida males, the FOI was a decreasing function of puma age, indicating an increased risk of infection in the early years, and a decreased risk at older ages. This research provides critical insight into pathogen transmission and impact in a secretive and solitary carnivore. Our findings shed light on the debate on whether FIV causes mortality in wild felids like puma, and our approach may be adopted for other diseases and species. The methodology we present can be used for identifying likely transmission routes of a pathogen and also estimating any disease-associated mortality, both of which can be difficult to establish for wildlife diseases in particular.
Data from: Feline immunodeficiency virus in puma: estimation of force of infection reveals insights into transmission
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Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) in mice transduced in utero with feline immunodeficiency virus-based vectors (CGH)
GEO Series GSE25900. Mus musculus. 6 samples. Type: Genome variation profiling by array.
Hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) in mice transduced in utero with feline immunodeficiency virus-based vectors (expression)
GEO Series GSE19306. Mus musculus. 14 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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