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45 results for “female ornament”
Comparative data for dance fly eye morphology and female ornamentation
<p class="western">These data were collected as part of a comparative study of the relationship between female ornamentation and sexual dimorphism in eye morphology. Data come from specimens collected in the field in Scotland near Loch Lomond in the summers of 2009, 2010, and 2011 as well as the summer of 2012 near Glen Williams in Ontario, Canada. The repository contains raw image files including information on magnifications at which these were taken, excel spreadsheets of morphological measurements taken from these images, a dataset from search of Collin's (<span>1961</span>) key to the Empidinae for reports of sexual dimorphism and exaggerations of male eye morphology, and an Rnotebook file detailing the analytical steps taken.</p>
The evolutionary history and mechanistic basis of female ornamentation in a tropical songbird
<p>Ornamentation, such as the showy plumage of birds, is widespread among female vertebrates, yet the evolutionary pressures shaping female ornamentation remain uncertain. In part this is due to a poor understanding of the mechanistic route to ornamentation in females. To address this issue, we evaluated the evolutionary history of ornament expression in a tropical passerine bird, the White-shouldered Fairywren, whose females, but not males, strongly vary between populations in occurrence of ornamented black-and-white plumage. We first use phylogenomic analysis to demonstrate that female ornamentation is derived and that female ornamentation evolves independently of changes in male plumage. We then use exogenous testosterone in a field experiment to induce partial ornamentation in naturally unornamented females. By sequencing the transcriptome of experimentally induced ornamented and natural feathers, we identify genes expressed during ornament production and evaluate the degree to which female ornamentation in this system is associated with elevated testosterone, as is common in males. We reveal that some ornamentation in females is linked to testosterone and that sexes differ in ornament-linked gene expression. Lastly, using genomic-outlier analysis we identify a candidate melanogenesis gene that lies in a region of high genomic divergence among populations that is also differentially expressed in feather follicles of different female plumages. Taken together, these findings are consistent with sex-specific selection favoring the evolution of female ornaments and demonstrate a key role for testosterone in generating population divergence in female ornamentation through gene regulation. More broadly, our work highlights similarities and differences in how ornamentation evolves in the sexes.</p>
The evolutionary history and mechanistic basis of female ornamentation in a tropical songbird
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Comparative data for dance fly eye morphology and female ornamentation
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Female dewlap ornaments are evolutionarily labile and associated with increased influence diversification rates in Anolis lizards
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Data from: Cost of an elaborate trait: a tradeoff between attracting females and maintaining a clean ornament
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Many sexually selected ornaments and weapons are elaborations of an animal's outer body surface, including long feathers, colorful skin, and rigid outgrowths. The time and energy required to keep these traits clean, attractive, and in good condition for signaling may represent an important, but understudied cost of bearing a sexually selected trait. Male fiddler crabs possess an enlarged and brightly colored claw that is used both as a weapon to fight with rival males and also as an ornament to court females. Here, we demonstrate that males benefit from grooming because females prefer males with clean claws over dirty claws, but also that the time spent grooming detracts from the amount of time available for courting females. Males therefore face a temporal tradeoff between attracting the attention of females and maintaining a clean claw. Our study provides rare evidence of the importance of grooming for mediating sexual interactions in an invertebrate, indicating that sexual selection has likely shaped the evolution of self-maintenance behaviors across a broad range of taxa.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: Parental response to intruder females altered by ornamentation and mate quality in a biparental fish
In many monogamous species females behave aggressively toward other females, as they may threaten their exclusive access to paternal resources. However, in species with a high degree of breeding asynchrony not all females are true reproductive rivals. Female ornamentation that advertises sexual receptivity is a possible mechanism whereby parental females could assess the potential threat of rival females and attack only those which could challenge their mating status. Convict cichlids (Amatitlania siquia) are sexually dichromatic, monogamous fish that exhibit biparental care. Females develop gold ventral coloration when reproductively receptive and actively court males. We presented breeding pairs of convict cichlids with confined conspecific females to investigate whether parental response was affected by the intruder's reproductive status. We also investigated whether differences in partner quality within breeding pairs mediated the response to intruders, as mate quality influences both intra- and intersexual dynamics in many monogamous species. We found parental females responded more aggressively to reproductive intruders and that parental females mated to high quality males decreased the aggression they directed at general brood predators during the reproductive intruder presentation. Contrary to our predictions, we also found that males behaved aggressively toward reproductive intruders, particularly when paired with small females. Our results indicate that both parents engage in pair-bond defense and that differences in partner quality determine the level of aggression directed at extra-pair reproductive females. These findings suggest that when biparental care greatly increases offspring survival, reproductive success for both sexes may be maximized by cooperation and coordination, rather than conflict.
Data from: Female ornamentation is associated with elevated aggression and testosterone in a tropical songbird
In males, testosterone plays a key role in ornament production and linking ornamentation with reproductive behaviors and other traits to produce an integrated phenotype. Less is known about whether females couple testosterone, ornamentation, and aggressive behaviors to achieve female-specific combinations of traits. Ornamentation in females may be the result of correlated expression with male ornamentation, or female traits could arise as the result of sex specific selection pressures. Resolving between these alternatives is necessary to understand the degree to which selection acts on female traits. The White-shouldered Fairywren (Malurus alboscapulatus) provides a useful context to address these questions because populations vary in degree of female ornamentation, a derived trait, whereas male ornamentation is constant across both populations. We found that ornamented females have higher levels of circulating testosterone and respond more aggressively to experimental territorial intrusions than do unornamented females. These findings are consistent with the idea that, among female White-shouldered Fairywrens, testosterone may mechanistically link plumage and behavioral traits to produce an integrated competitive phenotype, as has been reported for males of closely related species. In contrast, circulating testosterone in males did not differ significantly between populations. More broadly, our findings are consistent with ongoing selection on the mechanisms underlying female ornaments, likely via social selection.
Wildfire as a natural stressor and its effect on female phenotype and ornament development
<p>Controlled low-intensity fires are commonly used in ecosystem management for both habitat restoration and wildfire management. Animals in those ecosystems may respond to fire by shifting energy allocation away from reproduction and growth, and toward maintenance. Stress-induced shifts in energy allocation may affect expression of condition-dependent sexual signals, which are sensitive to energetic and physiological trade-offs mediated by glucocorticoids. Here, we examine the effect of fire on ornament expression, corticosterone, and other phenotypic traits in a population of striped plateau lizards, <i>Sceloporus virgatus</i>, affected by the Horseshoe 2 Fire in the Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona, USA. The condition-dependent female ornament was significantly smaller the month following the fire than two years prior, and was both smaller and less orange on the burned site relative to a nearby unburned site. These patterns are similar to those found in a previous experimental study examining the response of the ornament to corticosterone manipulations. Yet, in the current study, corticosterone levels were not different in lizards on the burned and unburned sites. Perhaps glucocorticoid levels already returned to baseline, or do not adequately track environmental change. Females tended to be smaller and lighter on the burned site than the unburned site, however the year after the fire, body condition was higher for females on the burned site, indicating a rapid recovery and potential long-term benefits in response to low-intensity fires in this fire-adapted ecosystem. We found that the lizards adjusted energy allocation away from sexual signaling and growth in response to low-intensity fires. As fires and fire management are likely to increase in response to changing fire regimes across the globe, it will be important to consider behavioral and physiological responses of impacted species, as well as population, community, and ecosystem level responses.</p>
Costly mating delays drive female ornamentation in a capital breeder full dataset
<p>The data is related to experiments on glow-worms (L. noctiluca), where we studied the effect of stressing and mating delays on signalling effort.We address how fecundity might be traded off with mate attraction and other aspects of reproduction in females remains poorly understood. We investigated these allocation trade-offs using the common glow-worm<i> </i>(<i>Lampyris noctiluca</i>)<i>,</i> a lampyrid beetle in which flightless, sedentary females only use resources gathered during the larval stage to attract flying males by glowing. While sexual signalling was not found to have a significant fecundity cost, a delay in successfully attracting a mate greatly increased the risk of reproductive failure, with fecundity losses being more severe in small females. These findings are among the first to show that failure to quickly attract a mate can decrease female fecundity. The results also show how the length of delay before mating can drive the evolution of female sexual ornamentation.</p>
Data from: female preference for super-sized male ornaments and its implications for the evolution of ornament allometry
<p><span>It has been argued that disproportionately larger ornaments in bigger males—positive allometry—is the outcome of sexual selection operating on the size of condition dependent traits. We reviewed the literature and found a general lack of empirical testing of the assumed link between female preferences for large ornaments and a pattern of positive allometry in male ornamentation. We subsequently conducted a manipulative experiment by leveraging the unusual terrestrial fish, <em>Alticus </em>sp. cf. <em>simplicirrus</em>, on the island of Rarotonga. Males in this species present a prominent head crest to females during courtship, and the size of this head crest in the genus more broadly exhibits the classic pattern of positive allometry. We created realistic male models standardized in body size but differing in head crest size based on the most extreme allometric scaling recorded for the genus. This included a crest size well outside the observed range for the study population (super-sized). The stimuli were presented to free-living females in a manner that mimicked the spatial distribution of courting males. Females directed greater attention to the male stimulus that exhibited the super-sized crest, with little difference in attention direct to other size treatments. These data appear to be the only experimental evidence from the wild of a female preference function that has been implicitly assumed to drive selection that results in the evolution of positive allometry in male ornamentation.</span></p>
Male-like ornamentation in female hummingbirds results from social harassment rather than sexual selection DATA_CODE
<p>Contains all relevant data and code for analyses and figures used in "Male-like ornamentation in female hummingbirds results from social harassment rather than sexual selection" by Jay J. Falk, Michael S. Webster, and Dustin R. Rubenstein. Current Biology, 2021. </p>
Data from: Loss of pigments in females is associated with sexual dichromatism in an ornamental trait
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Data from: female preference for super-sized male ornaments and its implications for the evolution of ornament allometry
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Data from: Female ornamentation is correlated with weather conditions during molt in Protonotaria citrea (Prothonotary Warblers): A 13-year study
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Costly mating delays drive female ornamentation in a capital breeder full dataset
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Data from: Parental response to intruder females altered by ornamentation and mate quality in a biparental fish
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Data from: Evolution of female ornamentation in dance flies: valuable gifts are worth dressing up for
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Data from: Female ornamentation is associated with elevated aggression and testosterone in a tropical songbird
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Wildfire as a natural stressor and its effect on female phenotype and ornament development
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.