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44 results for “female testosterone”
Data from: Extensive, transient, and long-lasting gene regulation in a song-controlling brain area during testosterone-induced song development in adult female canaries
<p>Like other canary reproductive behaviors, song production occurs seasonally and can be triggered by gonadal hormones. Adult female canaries treated with testosterone sing first songs after four days and progressively develop towards typical canary song structure over several weeks, a behavior that females otherwise rarely or never show. We compared gene regulatory networks in the song-controlling brain area HVC after 1 hour (h), 3 h, 8 h, 3 days (d), 7d, and 14d testosterone treatment with placebo-treated control females, paralleling HVC and song development. Rapid onset (1 h or less) of extensive transcriptional changes (2,700 genes) preceded the onset of song production by four days. The highest level of differential gene expression occurred at 14 days when song structure was most elaborate, and song activity was highest. The transcriptomes changed massively several times during the two-week of song production. A total of 9,710 genes were differentially expressed, corresponding to about 60% of the known protein-coding genes of the canary genome. Most (99%) of the differentially expressed genes were regulated only at specific stages. The differentially expressed genes were associated with diverse biological functions, of which cellular level occurring early and nervous system level occurring primarily after prolonged testosterone treatment. Thus, the development of adult songs requires restructuring the entire HVC, including most HVC cell types, rather than altering only neuronal subpopulations or cellular components. Parallel regulation directly by androgen and estrogen receptors and by other hub genes such as the transcription factor SP8, which are under steroidogenic control, lead to massive transcriptomic and neural changes in the specific behavior-controlling brain areas and gradual seasonal occurrence of singing behavior.</p>
Extensive, transient, and long-lasting gene regulation in a song-controlling brain area during testosterone-induced song development in adult female canaries
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Organizational effects of testosterone on the number of mating partners and reproductive success in females of a social rodent
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Relationships between cortisol and testosterone in female titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus) [dataset]
<p>[dataset for article in review]</p> <p>Steroid hormones are critical to the regulation of sociosexual behavior. Their role in the formation of pair bonds is complicated by the relative scarcity of this social system in mammals, as well as species and taxonomic differences in endocrine systems. In the present study, we experimentally manipulated the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in female titi monkeys (<em>Plecturocebus cupreus</em>), a neotropical monkey studied for its strong, selective pair bonds. We validated a new assay for plasma and urinary cortisol in this species, showing a strong suppression of cortisol following dexamethasone injection, and a significant but somewhat blunted response to adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH) stimulation. Urinary testosterone did not change in response to dexamethasone or ACTH. Plasma and urinary cortisol were highly correlated, whereas urinary cortisol and testosterone were only correlated when extreme cortisol values were included. In this study, we laid groundwork for studying the role of glucocorticoids and androgens (and eventually, their interactions with peptides) in the behavioral endocrinology of pair bonds in female titi monkeys.</p>
Data from: Testosterone activates sexual dimorphism including male-typical carotenoid but not melanin plumage pigmentation in a female bird
In males it is frequently testosterone (T) that activates the expression of sexually selected morphological and behavioral displays, but the role of T in regulating similar traits in females is less clear. Here we combine correlational data with results from T and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) manipulations in both sexes to assess the role of T in mediating sexually dimorphic coloration and morphology in the red-backed fairy-wren (Malurus melanocephalus). We show that (1) natural variation in female expression of ornamental traits (darkened bills and red back feathers) are positively associated with age and circulating androgen titres, (2) females have the capacity to express most male-typical traits in response to exogenous T, including carotenoid-pigmented body plumage, shorter feathers, darkened bill, and enlarged cloacal protuberance, but (3) appear constrained in production of male-typical melanin-pigmented plumage, and (4) low androgen levels during the pre-nuptial molt, probably due to low ovarian capacity for steroid production (or LH-sensitivity), prevent females from developing male-like ornamentation. Thus, females appear to retain molecular mechanism for hormonally regulated male-typical ornamentation, although these are rarely activated because of insufficient production of the hormonal signal.
Data from: Female ornamentation is associated with elevated aggression and testosterone in a tropical songbird
In males, testosterone plays a key role in ornament production and linking ornamentation with reproductive behaviors and other traits to produce an integrated phenotype. Less is known about whether females couple testosterone, ornamentation, and aggressive behaviors to achieve female-specific combinations of traits. Ornamentation in females may be the result of correlated expression with male ornamentation, or female traits could arise as the result of sex specific selection pressures. Resolving between these alternatives is necessary to understand the degree to which selection acts on female traits. The White-shouldered Fairywren (Malurus alboscapulatus) provides a useful context to address these questions because populations vary in degree of female ornamentation, a derived trait, whereas male ornamentation is constant across both populations. We found that ornamented females have higher levels of circulating testosterone and respond more aggressively to experimental territorial intrusions than do unornamented females. These findings are consistent with the idea that, among female White-shouldered Fairywrens, testosterone may mechanistically link plumage and behavioral traits to produce an integrated competitive phenotype, as has been reported for males of closely related species. In contrast, circulating testosterone in males did not differ significantly between populations. More broadly, our findings are consistent with ongoing selection on the mechanisms underlying female ornaments, likely via social selection.
Data from: Androgen-armoured amazons – reversed sex roles in coucals are associated with testosterone in females but not males
<p class="MsoNormal">In some species, sexual selection is stronger in females than males. In classically polyandrous birds, for instance, females compete for mating opportunities and males care for offspring. Sex steroids such as testosterone have been suggested to regulate the behaviours of 'role-reversed' females and males, but comparative studies did not find evidence for a role of testosterone in relation to sex roles. However, the large variability of hormone measurements across laboratories may prevent detecting subtle differences in hormone levels. To circumvent this caveat, I compared sex steroid concentrations of females and males of two closely related and cohabiting species with different mating systems, the classically polyandrous black coucal (<em>Centropus grillii</em>) and the monogamous white-browed coucal (<em>C. superciliosus</em>). Baseline and GnRH-induced testosterone concentrations were twice as high in female black coucals than female white-browed coucals, and the low pre-breeding progesterone concentrations of female black coucals were consistent with progesterone's modulatory role during agonistic interactions in this species. Baseline and GnRH-induced testosterone and progesterone concentrations did not differ between males of both species. This study provides first evidence that elevated testosterone is associated with sex-role reversed traits in females, whereas low levels of testosterone may not be necessary to facilitate sex-role reversal in males.</p>
Male social environment and female masculinization level interact to explain female testosterone levels in a communally rearing rodent
<p><span>Testosterone is known to modulate several morphological and behavioral phenotypic traits in males. However, females also synthetize testosterone and other androgens which influence the development and function of female tissues. In vertebrates, mating and social interactions can in turn modulate individual female testosterone levels, generally being higher in females that compete for males and/or that monopolize reproduction. Female testosterone levels may also be higher in females with masculinized phenotypes or when females are exposed to the energetic demands of reproduction. We used data from a long-term study (2009–2019) in a natural population of the communally rearing rodent <em>Octodon degus</em> to examine the potential associations between female serum testosterone levels and season, female masculinization morphotype, and the individual composition within social groups. We quantified the size and composition of social groups, including the masculinization morphotype of adult male and female group members. We found that female testosterone levels were higher in masculinized vs. feminized females and were also higher during the offspring-rearing season than the mating season. Female testosterone levels also varied with the number and morphotype of male group members, but not with female or offspring social environments. Together, our results suggest that female testosterone levels are more sensitive to intersexual than to intrasexual interactions. Our results also reveal that female and male testosterone levels do not significantly differ between the sexes, a notable finding previously reported only in rock hyraxes. We discuss how the complex social system of degus could be driving this physiological similarity between the sexes.</span></p>
Study of Serum Testosterone and Nestorone in Females After Secondary Exposure to Nestorone ® (NES) + Testosterone (T) Combined Gel Applied to Shoulders and Upper Arms in Males
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02994602. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 42.
Social environment and masculinization level interact to explain testosterone levels in a communally rearing rodent: part 2: the female side
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Data from: Androgen-armoured amazons – reversed sex roles in coucals are associated with testosterone in females but not males
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Data from: Testosterone activates sexual dimorphism including male-typical carotenoid but not melanin plumage pigmentation in a female bird
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Data from: Female ornamentation is associated with elevated aggression and testosterone in a tropical songbird
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Data from: Measuring fecal testosterone in females and fecal estrogens in males: comparison of RIA and LC/MS/MS methods for wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus).
The development of non-invasive methods, particularly fecal determination, has made possible the assessment of hormone concentrations in wild animal populations. However, measuring fecal metabolites needs careful validation for each species and for each sex. We investigated whether radioimmunoassays (RIAs) previously used to measure fecal testosterone (fT) in male baboons and fecal estrogens (fE) in female baboons were well suited to measure these hormones in the opposite sex. We compared fE and fT concentrations determined by RIA to those measured by liquid chromatography combined with triple quadropole mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), a highly specific method. Additionally, we conducted a biological validation to assure that the measurements of fecal concentrations reflected physiological levels of the hormone of interest. Several tests produced expected results that led us to conclude that our RIAs can reliably measure fT and fE in both sexes, and that within-sex comparisons of these measures are valid: (i) fTRIA were significantly correlated to fTLC/MS/MS for both sexes; (ii) fTRIA were higher in adult than in immature males; (iii) fTRIA were higher in pregnant than non-pregnant females; (iv) fERIA were correlated with 17β-estradiol (fE2) and with estrone (fE1) determined by LC/MS/MS in pregnant females; (v) fERIA were significantly correlated with fE2 in non-pregnant females and nearly significantly correlated in males; (vi) fERIA were higher in adult males than in immature males. fERIA were higher in females than in males, as predicted, but unexpectedly, fTRIA were higher in females than in males, suggesting a difference in steroid metabolism in the two sexes; consequently, we conclude that while within-sex comparisons are valid, fTRIA should not be used for intersexual comparisons. Our results should open the field to important additional studies, as to date the roles of testosterone in females and estrogens in males have been little investigated.
Low-Dose Testosterone in Improving Libido in Postmenopausal Female Cancer Survivors
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00075855. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Female Fetal Testosterone Levels
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02610751. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 21.
Acute Vitamin D Supplementation on Testosterone in Females
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06610968. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Study of Serum Testosterone Levels in Non-dosed Females After Secondary Exposure
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00998933. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Measuring fecal testosterone in females and fecal estrogens in males: comparison of RIA and LC/MS/MS methods for wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus).
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Assessment of plasma testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone levels in Vietnam female patients with moderate to severe acne vulgaris
<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: Acne is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit with differential pathogenesis. To elucidate the roles of hormones in acne pathogenesis, we conducted a study to evaluate the plasma testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone levels in women with acne vulgaris.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study, and 1<span>40</span> women with acne vulgaris were examined; their plasma estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone were analyzed by chemiluminescence technique and compared with the healthy control group.</p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>:</span><span> </span>Increased plasma hormone levels in women with acne vulgaris accounted for 33.57%, and hyperandrogenism accounted for 20.71% of cases. We found significant differences in testosterone levels (mean value, 56.92 ± 27.64ng/dL, 60.71± 25.85ng/dL versus 38.35 ± 10.09ng/dL, p<0.05), respectively, in the moderate to severe acne group and the control group. However, the estradiol level of the moderate and severe acne groups (325.12 ± 91.79 and 305.26 ± 83.01pmol/l) was lower than the control group (368.6 ± 58.34pmol/l), with p-value under 0.05. No statistically significant differences were found for progesterone levels. </p> <p><span><strong>Conclusion</strong>:</span><span> Our study showed that female patients with moderate to severe acne vulgaris had abnormalities in plasma testosterone and estradiol levels. These abnormalities might be part roles in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris, even when the mean levels were in the normal range. Female patients suffering from premenstrual acne flares might be examined for plasma testosterone levels.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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