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14 results for “feral horse”
Fig. 2 in Quantitative genetics of gastrointestinal strongyle burden and associated body condition in feral horses
Fig. 2. Predicted relationship between an individual's annual location and a) faecal egg count (measured as the natural logarithm of eggs per gram (EPG) + 25) and b) body condition. Location is scaled to a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1, therefore 0 represents the centre of the island with −2 at the far west and 2 at the far east. The fitted line comes from the full univariate animal model in each case. In both cases, overlap between points is represented by darker point colour. In 2b. points have been jittered along the y axis to ease visualisation.
Fig. 2. a in Not playing by the rules: Unusual patterns in the epidemiology of parasites in a natural population of feral horses (Equus caballus) on Sable Island, Canada
Fig. 2. a) Dictyocaulus arnfieldi first-stage larvae showing typical granular appearance and beginning of cuticular separation b) closer view of tail showing stylet, or spear.
Fig. 1 in Not playing by the rules: Unusual patterns in the epidemiology of parasites in a natural population of feral horses (Equus caballus) on Sable Island, Canada
Fig. 1. Map of Sable Island, Canada, which is about 50 km long, 1 km wide at its widest point, and in total, 34 km2 (from Gold et al., 2019).
Fig. 3 in Not playing by the rules: Unusual patterns in the epidemiology of parasites in a natural population of feral horses (Equus caballus) on Sable Island, Canada
Fig. 3. Proportions of third-stage larvae of large and small strongyle species cultured from feces of 81 Sable Island horses in summer 2014, showing an unusual dominance of S. equinus in adult horses. Larvae with a rhabditiform pharynx were rare in young (1–3 years) and adult horses (≥3 years), but common in foals, which could represent larvae of Strongyloides westeri.
Data from: Targeted genome-wide SNP genotyping in feral horses using non-invasive fecal swabs
<p>The development of high-throughput sequencing has prompted a transition in wildlife genetics from using microsatellites toward sets of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). However, genotyping large numbers of targeted SNPs using non-invasive samples remains challenging due to relatively large DNA input requirements. Recently, target enrichment has emerged as a promising approach requiring little template DNA. We assessed the efficacy of Tecan Genomics' Allegro Targeted Genotyping (ATG) for generating genome-wide SNP data in feral horses using DNA isolated from fecal swabs. Total and host-specific DNA were quantified for 989 samples collected as part of a long-term individual-based study of feral horses on Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada, using dsDNA fluorescence and a host-specific qPCR assay, respectively. Forty-eight samples representing 44 individuals containing at least 10ng of host DNA (ATG's recommended minimum input) were genotyped using a custom multiplex panel targeting 279 SNPs. Genotyping accuracy and consistency were assessed by contrasting ATG genotypes with those obtained from the same individuals with SNP microarrays, and from multiple samples from the same horse, respectively. 62% of swabs yielded the minimum recommended amount of host DNA for ATG. Ignoring samples that failed to amplify, ATG recovered an average of 86.7% targeted sites per sample, while genotype concordance between ATG and SNP microarrays was 98.5%. The repeatability of genotypes from the same individual approached unity with an average of 99.9%. This study demonstrates the suitability of ATG for genome-wide, non-invasive targeted SNP genotyping, and will facilitate further ecological and conservation genetics research in equids and related species.</p>
Use of density-impact functions to inform and improve the environmental outcomes of feral horse management
<p>The available science often demonstrates the need for feral horse population control but not the degree of control required to achieve environmental conservation objectives. To better manage the influence of feral horses, we must first understand the relationship between feral horse density and environmental impact. We recorded vegetation and soil disturbance, and the sign of potential causes of this impact in two parts of the Australian Alps, the Bogong High Plains (BHP) and the Eastern Victorian Alps (EVA). We calculated density-impact functions to assist managers with determining feral horse density targets for control programmes. Minimal sign of feral horse impact was detected on the BHP, with no impact of feral horses observed along 99% of the length of transects. In contrast, impacts assigned to feral horses were significantly higher in the EVA, where a larger, higher-density population of feral horses existed. However, greater than 83% of the walked transect length was still undisturbed by feral horses in the EVA. We detected a threshold of horse impact at ~250 horse faecal piles per ha. Above this threshold, a slight increase in horse density resulted in a disproportionately large increase in impact. In this context, a relatively small population control effort may substantially reduce direct horse impact. But where horse densities exist below this threshold, considerably more expense and control effort (resulting from the difficulties related to control at low density) is likely to make very little difference to an already low level of direct impact. The combined impacts associated with the sign of deer, feral pigs, fire and humans were large compared to that of feral horses. Management of feral horses to reduce their direct impact is unlikely to be beneficial without complementary management to reduce the effects of these other agents of impact.</p>
Data from: Targeted genome-wide SNP genotyping in feral horses using non-invasive fecal swabs
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Contrasting seasonal patterns in diet and dung-associated invertebrates of feral cattle and horses in a rewilding area
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Data from: Spatial strategies in non-territorial societies: How feral horses maintain boundaries with other groups
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Use of density-impact functions to inform and improve the environmental outcomes of feral horse management
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Causes and consequences of an unusually male-biased adult sex ratio in an unmanaged feral horse population
<p>1. The adult sex ratio (ASR) is important within ecology due to its predicted effects on behaviour, demography, and evolution, but research examining the causes and consequences of ASR bias have lagged behind studies of sex ratios at earlier life stages. Although ungulate ASR is relatively well-studied, exceptions to the usual female-biased ASR challenge our understanding of the underlying drivers of biased ASR, and provide an opportunity to better understand its consequences.</p> <p>2. Some feral ungulate populations, including multiple horse populations, exhibit unusually male-biased ASR. For example, research suggests that the feral horse (Equus ferus caballus) population on Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada, may exhibit a male-biased ASR. Such exceptions to the rule provide a valuable opportunity to reveal the contributions of environmental context and trait differences to ASR bias.</p> <p>3. We aimed to test for bias in Sable Island horse ASR, identify the demographic drivers of bias, and explore its demographic and social consequences. To do this, we used life-history, movement, and group membership information for hundreds of horses followed through a long-term individual-based study between 2007 and 2018.</p> <p>4. Sable Island horse ASR is male-biased, and this skew has increased over time, reaching 62% male in 2018. Our life table response experiment suggested that ASR skew was driven predominantly by male-biased adult survival. Further analyses pointed to sex-biased survival being driven by reduced female survival post-reproduction. Male-biased ASR was associated with reduced harem sizes, an increase in the number of social groups on the island, and reduced reproduction in young females.</p> <p>5. Our results support the idea that male-biased ASR in feral ungulate populations may be caused by a combination of high population density and high reproductive output. We suggest that female-biased mortality may be caused by females continuing to reproduce at high density, and thus being more susceptible to resource shortages. Thus, our results highlight the strong context-dependence of ASR. Furthermore, our work indicates the potential for ASR to substantially alter a population's social organisation. Such changes in social structure could have knock-on consequences for demography by altering the formation/stability of social relationships, or competition for matings.</p>
Causes and consequences of an unusually male-biased adult sex ratio in an unmanaged feral horse population
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Fig. 1 in Quantitative genetics of gastrointestinal strongyle burden and associated body condition in feral horses
Fig. 1. Map of Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada, showing its position relative to the Canadian mainland and the predominant land cover types.
Behavioural synchronization in a multilevel society of feral horses
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