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72 results for “fertiliser”
Desired properties of recycling-derived fertilisers from an end-user perspective
<p>This data refers to responses to questions asked to farmers and farm advisors in seven different North-West European countries, relating to the desired properties of the mineral fertiliser substitutes, recycling derived fertilisers (RDFs). In total, 1225 participants responded from Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The types of questions asked included the participants' demographics and farming activities, and the parameters, properties and qualities the respondents were looking for, to determine the desired properties of RDFs.</p>
Paternal environment effects are driven by female reproductive fluid but not sperm age in an external fertiliser
<p>Sperm ageing after ejaculation can generate paternal environmental effects that impact offspring fitness. In many species, female reproductive fluids (FRFs), i.e. ancillary fluids released by eggs or within the female reproductive tract, may protect sperm from ageing and can additionally interact with sperm to influence offspring viability. This raises the intriguing prospect that FRFs may alleviate paternal effects associated with sperm ageing. Here, we test this novel hypothesis using the broadcast spawning mussel, <em>Mytilus galloprovincialis.</em> We show that incubating sperm in FRF prior to fertilisation increases offspring viability and that these effects occur independently of sperm age. Our results provide novel evidence that FRFs allow females to selectively bias fertilisation toward higher quality sperm within an ejaculate, which in turn yields more viable offspring. We consider this FRF-mediated paternal effect in the context of female physiological control over fertilisation and the transgenerational effects of female-regulated haploid selection.</p>
Data for : Effects of electrokinetic and ultrasonication pre-treatment and two-step anaerobic digestion of biowastes on the nitrogen fertiliser value by injection or surface banding to cereal crops
<p>Data file for article: Effects of electrokinetic and ultrasonication pre-treatment and two-step anaerobic digestion of biowastes on the nitrogen fertiliser value by injection or surface banding to cereal crops (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116699).</p>
Global aquatic biodiversity impacts of nitrogen and phosphorus fertiliser use for major crops
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Purpose<br> The intensive application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisers on agricultural land to fertilise crops has caused eutrophication, the nutrient enrichment of waterbodies leading to excessive growth of algae, deoxygenation and loss of aquatic biodiversity. Life cycle impact assessments (LCIA) are often used to determine the environmental impacts of fertiliser use. However, the lack of suitable methodologies to estimate the fate and transport of nutrients from soils makes crop and regional impact comparisons challenging. Using a newly devised, spatially explicit nutrient fate and transport model (fate factor, FF) within an LCIA framework, this study estimates the global spatial-variability of nutrient loss from fertilisation of crops and their relative impact on aquatic biodiversity, specifically species richness.</p> <p><br> Method<br> The newly devised FFs are based on the global spatially explicit nutrient model IMAGE-GNM. The FF’s enable us to assess N and P’s fate and transport from indirect soil emissions (arable land, grassland and natural land) to freshwater environments. We additionally improve the spatial resolution of existing soil FFs for N within marine environments from basin scale to 5 arcmin resolution. We applied our FF’s within current LCIA methodologies to assess the nutrient loading (midpoint indicator) and final aquatic biodiversity impact (endpoint indicator) from 17 crops.</p> <p><br> Results and discussion<br> Our results identify strong variability in inputs, loadings and impacts due to differences in the fate, transport and impact of nutrients within the local environmental context. Such variability is translated into large differences between the popularly used nutrient use efficiency (NUE) indicator and final aquatic impacts caused by specific crops. Heavily produced crops (maize, rice, wheat, sugarcane and soybean) with the highest loading rates to receptors did not necessarily have the highest aquatic impacts. We identified rank variability existed at different metric stages (fertiliser inputs, receptor loadings, aquatic impacts) specifically for wheat and sugarcane. Our results showed high spatial variability in high aquatic impacts with significant biodiversity loss outside of the highest production regions.</p> <p><br> Conclusion<br> Our study identified global hotspots for biodiversity impacts depend on the local context that exist beyond the field (e.g. the fate and transport of nutrients to receptor environments, and the receptor environment's vulnerability). Aquatic impacts from fertiliser use for specific crop commodities should be considered in strategic fertiliser pollution control decision-making and environmentally sustainable crop-commodity trade sourcing decisions. The development of the improved FFs should be used to aid spatially explicit and site-specific LCIA nutrient studies from soils.</p> <p>Here we provide the fate factors developed and used in our study to estimate biodiversity impacts from nitrogen and phosphorus fertiliser use. </p>
N application rates from mineral fertiliser and manure
<p>Historical N application rates from mineral fertiliser and manure. Prepared for Gridded Global Crop Model Intercomparison (GGCMI) project phase 3. </p> <p>Gridded time series of fertiliser application rates are based on national and sub-national estimates for 141 individual crops for the year 2000 from Mueller et al. (2012) and national time series for five different crop groups from LUH2v2 (Hurtt et al., 2020). Gridded time series of manure application rates on cropland are based on total applied manure per grid cell from Zhang et al. (2017) and cropland extent from LUH2v2 (Hurtt et al., 2020).</p> <p>This update (v.1.1) corrects an error in the manure application rates, which was caused by a misalignment of manure data and cropland extent. Files for fertiser application rates are identical to the previous version.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Reference</strong></p> <p>Hurtt, G. C., Chini, L., Sahajpal, R., Frolking, S., Bodirsky, B. L., Calvin, K., Doelman, J. C., Fisk, J., Fujimori, S., Klein Goldewijk, K., Hasegawa, T., Havlik, P., Heinimann, A., Humpenöder, F., Jungclaus, J., Kaplan, J. O., Kennedy, J., Krisztin, T., Lawrence, D., … Zhang, X. (2020). Harmonization of global land use change and management for the period 850–2100 (LUH2) for CMIP6. <em>Geoscientific Model Development</em>, <em>13</em>(11), 5425–5464. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-5425-2020</p> <p>Mueller, N. D., Gerber, J. S., Johnston, M., Ray, D. K., Ramankutty, N., & Foley, J. a. (2012). Closing yield gaps through nutrient and water management. <em>Nature</em>, <em>490</em>(7419), 254–257. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11420</p> <p>Zhang, B., Tian, H., Lu, C., Dangal, S. R. S., Yang, J., & Pan, S. (2017). Global manure nitrogen production and application in cropland during 1860–2014: a 5 arcmin gridded global dataset for Earth system modeling. <em>Earth System Science Data</em>, <em>9</em>(2), 667–678. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-667-2017</p>
Data from: Fertiliser application modulates the impact of interannual climate fluctuations and plant-to-plant interactions on the dynamics of annual species in a Mediterranean grassland
<p><span><strong><span>Background:</span></strong><span> Climate and land-use changes, which include the application of various types of organic and inorganic fertilisers, have been reducing the species diversity of Mediterranean grasslands and threatening their conservation. Annual plants are one of the most diverse functional groups of species in these grasslands, despite suffering competitive pressure from perennial herbaceous and woody species, and they are essential for ecosystem functioning and stability. </span></span></p> <p><span><strong><span>Aims:</span></strong><span> To quantify how fertilisation modulates the impact of plant-to-plant interactions and climate fluctuations on the dynamics of annuals in Mediterranean grasslands. We hypothesised that the application of sewage sludge would increase competition between functional groups, reducing the abundance of annuals in the long-term, but would buffer the negative impacts of drought on the year-to-year fluctuation of the diversity of annuals.</span></span></p> <p><span><strong><span>Methods:</span></strong><span> In a semi-natural species-rich Mediterranean grassland in northern Spain, we analysed the changes in the taxonomical and functional composition and diversity of annuals over 14 years in response to variations in the abundance of perennial herbaceous and woody species, climate fluctuations, and fertilisation with sewage sludge. We quantified separately the patterns of year-to-year fluctuations and long-term trends. </span></span></p> <p><span><strong><span>Results:</span></strong><span> The frequency and diversity of annuals decreased with a higher abundance of perennial herbaceous species, drought in June, and cold winters. The addition of sewage sludge decreased the abundance of annuals in the long-term, seemed to promote competition between annuals and other functional groups at an interannual scale, and mitigated the negative effects of drought and cold.</span></span></p> <p><span><span><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Fertilisation influences differently the temporal response of annuals to climate fluctuations and plant-to-plant interactions.</span></span></p>
Pre-fertilisation gamete thermal environment influences reproductive success, unmasking opposing sex-specific responses in Atlantic Salmon
<p>The environment gametes perform in just before fertilisation is increasingly recognised to affect offspring fitness, yet the contributions of male and female gametes and their adaptive significance remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated gametic thermal plasticity and its effects on hatching success and embryo performance in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Eggs and sperm were incubated overnight at 2°C or 8°C, temperatures within the optimal thermal range of this species. Crosses between warm- and cold-incubated gametes were compared using a fully-factorial design, with half of each clutch reared in cold temperatures and the other in warm temperatures. This allowed disentangling single-sex interaction effects when pre-fertilisation temperature of gametes mismatched embryonic conditions. Pre-fertilisation temperature influenced the age at hatch, and matching sperm and embryo temperatures resulted in earlier hatching. Warm incubation benefited eggs but harmed sperm, reducing the hatching success and, overall, gametic thermal plasticity did not enhance offspring fitness, indicating vulnerability to thermal changes. We highlight the sensitivity of male gametes to higher temperatures, and that gamete acclimation may not effectively buffer against deleterious effects of thermal fluctuations. From an applied angle, we propose the differential storage of male and female gametes as a tool to enhance sustainability within the hatcheries.</p>
Data from: Fertiliser application modulates the impact of interannual climate fluctuations and plant-to-plant interactions on the dynamics of annual species in a Mediterranean grassland
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Paternal environment effects are driven by female reproductive fluid but not sperm age in an external fertiliser
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Pre-fertilisation gamete thermal environment influences reproductive success, unmasking opposing sex-specific responses in Atlantic Salmon
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Denitrification losses in response to N fertiliser rates - integrating high temporal resolution N2O, in-situ 15N2O and 15N2 measurements and fertiliser 15N recoveries in intensive sugarcane systems
Denitrification is a key process in the global nitrogen (N) cycle, causing both nitrous oxide (N2O) and dinitrogen (N2) emissions. However, estimates of seasonal denitrification losses (N2O+N2) are scarce, reflecting methodological difficulties in measuring soil-borne N2 emissions against the high atmospheric N2 background and challenges regarding their spatio-temporal upscaling. This study investigated N2O+N2 losses in response to N fertiliser rates (0, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha-1) on two intensively managed tropical sugarcane farms in Australia, by combining automated N2O monitoring, in-situ N2 and N2O measurements using the 15N gas flux method and fertiliser 15N recoveries at harvest. Dynamic changes in the N2O/(N2O+N2) ratio (< 0.01 to 0.768) were explained by fitting generalised additive mixed models (GAMMs) with soil factors to upscale high temporal-resolution N2O data to daily N2 emissions over the season. Cumulative N2O+N2 losses ranged from 12 to 87 kg N ha-1, increasing non-linearly with increasing N fertiliser rates. Emissions of N2O+N2 accounted for 31–78% of fertiliser 15N losses and were dominated by environmentally benign N2 emissions. The contribution of denitrification to N fertiliser loss decreased with increasing N rates, suggesting increasing significance of other N loss pathways including leaching and runoff at higher N rates. This study delivers a blueprint approach to extrapolate denitrification measurements at both temporal and spatial scales, which can be applied in fertilised agroecosystems. Robust estimates of denitrification losses determined using this method will help to improve cropping system modelling approaches, advancing our understanding of the N cycle across scales.
REFLOW: Phosphorus recovery for fertilisers from Dairy Waste - Introduction Video
<p>Introductory Video outlining the REFLOW interdisciplinary cross-sectoral European Training Network.</p>
Indirect parental effects on offspring fitness by egg-derived fluids in an external fertiliser
<p>The capacity for parents to influence offspring phenotypes via nongenetic inheritance is currently a major area of focus in evolutionary biology. Intriguing recent evidence suggests that sexual interactions among males and females, both before and during mating, are important mediators of such effects. Sexual interactions typically extend beyond gamete release, involving both sperm and eggs, and their associated fluids. However, the potential for gamete-level interactions to induce transgenerational parental effects remains under-investigated. Here, we test for such effects using an emerging model system for studying gamete interactions, the external fertiliser Mytilus galloprovincialis. We employed a split-ejaculate design to test whether exposing sperm to egg-derived chemicals (ECs) from one female would affect fertilisation rate and offspring survival when those sperm were used to fertilise a different female's eggs. We found significant and separate effects of ECs from non-fertilising females on both fertilisation rate and offspring survival. The offspring survival effect indicates that EC-driven interactions can have transgenerational implications for offspring fitness independent of the genotypes inherited by those offspring. These findings provide a rare test of indirect parental effects driven exclusively by gamete-level interactions, and to our knowledge the first evidence that such effects occur via the gametic fluids of females.</p>
Dataset of paper "Phosphate recovery from urine-equivalent solutions for fertiliser production for plant growth"
<p>Dataset of paper "Phosphate recovery from urine-equivalent solutions for fertiliser production for plant growth"</p>
Data supporting "Can Long-Term Experiments Predict Real Field N and P Balance and System Sustainability? Results from Maize, Winter Wheat, and Soybean Trials Using Mineral and Organic Fertilisers"
<p>Data supporting "Can Long-Term Experiments Predict Real Field N and P Balance and System Sustainability? Results from Maize, Winter Wheat, and Soybean Trials Using Mineral and Organic Fertilisers" by Piccoli et al. (2021) Agronomy 2021, 11, 1472. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081472</p>
CO2-fertilisation enhances resilience to browsing in the recruitment phase of an encroaching savanna tree
<p>1. CO<sub>2</sub>-fertilisation is implicated in the widespread and significant woody encroachment of savannas due to CO<sub>2</sub>-stimulated increases in belowground reserves that enhance sapling regrowth after fire. However, the effect of CO<sub>2</sub> concentration ([CO<sub>2</sub>]) on tree responses to the other major disturbance in savannas, herbivory, is poorly understood. Herbivory responses cannot be predicted from fire responses, as herbivore effects occur earlier during establishment and are moderated by plant palatability and defence rather than below-ground carbon accumulation.</p> <p>2. The relationship between herbivory and [CO<sub>2</sub>] is explored here using a widespread, strongly-encroaching savanna tree, <em>Vachellia</em> <em>karroo</em>. Using greenhouse-grown seedlings under past- through to predicted future-[CO<sub>2</sub>] (180–1000 ppm) and field-grown seedlings under ambient [CO<sub>2</sub>], we assessed plant survival, growth, defence and palatability.</p> <p>3. Increasing [CO<sub>2</sub>] improves the tolerance of greenhouse-grown seedlings to herbivory by stimulating growth and allowing a critical size-threshold associated with survival to be reached earlier, thereby decreasing the probability of fatal herbivory during the vulnerable recruitment phase. Elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>] also decreases the time taken to reach a second size-threshold linked to accelerated recovery of field-grown seedlings following herbivory. Seedling growth responses to increasing [CO<sub>2</sub>] are non-linear, suggesting that historic growth- and survival enhancements are smaller than those predicted for the future. Increasing [CO<sub>2</sub>] is associated with greater resistance to herbivores (more branched shoot architecture) but not leaf palatability (C:N ratio) or defence (leaf tannins and spine density).</p> <p>4. Increasing <em>V</em>. <em>karroo</em> densities already constitute a major land management problem in southern African savannas. However, encroachment by this species, and likely other savanna tree species, may be greatly exacerbated under future [CO<sub>2</sub>], as tolerance to herbivory at the recruitment stage is further enhanced. </p>
Polyandry and non-random fertilisation maintain long-term genetic diversity in an isolated island population of adders (Vipera berus)
<p>Conservation genetic theory suggests that small and isolated populations should be subjected to reduced genetic diversity i.e., heterozygosity and allelic diversity. Our 34 years study of an isolated island population of adders (<em>Vipera berus</em>) in southern Sweden challenges this notion. Despite a lack of gene flow and a yearly mean estimated reproductive adult population size of only 65 adult adders (range 12 to 171), the population has been able to maintain high levels of heterozygosity and allelic diversity similar to that observed in two mainland populations. Even a 14-year major "bottleneck" i.e., a reduction in adult adder numbers, encompassing at least four adder generations, did not result in any reduction in the island adders' heterozygosity and allelic diversity. Female adders are polyandrous, and fertilisation is non-random, which our empirical data and modelling suggest underpinning the island adders' ability to maintain a high level of heterozygosity. Our empirical results and subsequent modelling suggest that the positive genetic effects of polyandry in combination with non-random fertilisation, often overlooked in conservation genetic analyses, deserve greater consideration when predicting long-term survival of small and isolated populations.</p>
Ocean iron fertilisation may amplify climate change pressures on marine animal biomass for limited climate benefit
<p>Model output to support Global Change Biology paper: Ocean iron fertilisation may amplify climate change pressures on marine animal biomass for limited climate benefit</p>
In Vitro Fertilisation Versus Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in Patients Without Severe Male Factor Infertility
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04128904. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 12.
The Use of the Hormone Kisspeptin in 'in Vitro Fertilisation' (IVF) Treatment
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01667406. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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