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9 results for “fertilization mode”
Data from: Fertilization mode covaries with body size
<p>The evolution of internal fertilization has occurred repeatedly and independently across the tree of life. As it has evolved, internal fertilization has reshaped sexual selection and the covariances among sexual traits such as testes size and gamete traits. But it is unclear whether fertilization mode also shows evolutionary associations with traits other than primary sex traits. Theory predicts that fertilization mode and body size should covary, but formal tests with phylogenetic control are lacking. We used a phylogenetically-controlled approach to test the covariance between fertilization mode and adult body size (while accounting for latitude, offspring size, and offspring developmental mode) among 1,232 species of marine invertebrates from 3 phyla. Within all phyla, external fertilizers are consistently larger than internal fertilizers: the consequences of fertilization mode extend to traits that are only indirectly related to reproduction. We suspect that other traits may also coevolve with fertilization mode in ways that remain unexplored. </p>
Data from: Fertilization mode covaries with body size
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Fig. 6 in Histomorphological comparison of testes in species of box jellyfish (Cnidaria; Cubozoa): does morphology differ with mode of reproduction and fertilization?
Fig. 6 Chiropsalmus quadrumanus (from North Carolina State, USA). a Live specimen (scale bar 4 cm) (Image courtesy of Bastian Bentlage). b Male gonad in cross-section stained with toluidine blue (TB) (scale bar 20 μm). c Male gonad in cross-section stained with periodic acid-Schiff + hematoxylin (PAS-H) (scale bar 50 μm). cl cilia, m mesoglea, p pedalia, r rhopalia, sc spermatocyte, sg spermatogonia, t tentacle, v velarium, vl vacuole
Fig. 4 in Histomorphological comparison of testes in species of box jellyfish (Cnidaria; Cubozoa): does morphology differ with mode of reproduction and fertilization?
Fig. 4 Tamoya cf. haplonema from New Jersey State (USA). a– d Male gonad in cross-section stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) (scale bars 50 μm). e Male gonad in cross-section stained with Gomori's trichrome + hematoxylin (TG-H) (scale bar 50 μm). f Male gonad in crosssection stained with Toluidine blue (TB) (scale bar 20 μm). g Male gonad in cross-section stained with HE (scale bar 20 μm). Arrows in b-f indicate rupture sites from which sperm are released. sc spermatocyte, sg spermatogonia, sp sperm
Fig. 2 in Histomorphological comparison of testes in species of box jellyfish (Cnidaria; Cubozoa): does morphology differ with mode of reproduction and fertilization?
Fig. 2 Morbakka virulenta from Okayama (Japan). a Live specimen (scale bar 10 cm) (Image courtesy of Sho Toshino). b Male gonad stained with periodic acid-Schiff + hematoxylin (PAS-H) (scale bar 50 μm). c Male gonad stained with Gomori's trichrome + hematoxylin (TG-H) (scale bar 20 μm). m mesoglea, nc nucleus, ncl nucle- olus, sg spermatogonia, sc spermatocyte, vl vacuole
Fig. 1 in Histomorphological comparison of testes in species of box jellyfish (Cnidaria; Cubozoa): does morphology differ with mode of reproduction and fertilization?
Fig. 1 Carybdea marsupialis male gonads from two different localities (Italy and Spain). a Live specimen from Spain (scale bar 2 cm) (Image courtesy of Eduardo Obis). b, c Male gonads from Italian specimen in cross-section stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Material fixed in ethanol (scale bars 100 μm and 20 μm, respectively). d, f Male gonads from Spanish specimen in crosssection stained with Toluidine blue (TB), HE and Gomori's Trichrome + Hematoxylin (TGH), respectively (scale bars 50 μm, 50 μm and 20 μm, respectively). g gonad, m mesoglea, nc nucleus, p pedalia, ph phacellae, sc spermatocyte, sg spermatogonia, t tentacle, v velarium, vl vacuole
Fig. 3 in Histomorphological comparison of testes in species of box jellyfish (Cnidaria; Cubozoa): does morphology differ with mode of reproduction and fertilization?
Fig. 3 Tamoya haplonema male gonad from São Paulo State (Brazil). a Live specimen (scale bar 2,5 cm) (Image courtesy of Alvaro E. Migotto). b Male gonad in cross-section stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) (scale bar 50 μm). c Male gonad in cross-section stained with Toluidine blue (TB) (scale bar 20 μm). d Male gonad in cross-section stained with Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) (scale bar 20 μm). g gonad, m mesoglea, mb manubrium, nc nucleus, p pedalia, r rhopalia, sc spermatocyte, sg spermatogonia, t tentacle, v velarium, vl vacuole
Fig. 7 in Histomorphological comparison of testes in species of box jellyfish (Cnidaria; Cubozoa): does morphology differ with mode of reproduction and fertilization?
Fig. 7 Cubozoan phylogenetic relationships according to Bentlage et al. (2010) and corresponding histology of male gonads; branches to each taxon are mapped with known characteristics of sexual reproduction and fertilization of the species described herein and in García-
Fig. 5 in Histomorphological comparison of testes in species of box jellyfish (Cnidaria; Cubozoa): does morphology differ with mode of reproduction and fertilization?
Fig. 5 Chiropsalmus quadrumanus from São Paulo State (Brazil). a Live specimen (scale bar 4 cm) (Image courtesy of Alvaro E. Migotto). b Male gonad stained with hematoxylineosin (HE) (scale bar 50 μm). c Male gonad stained with Periodic Acid-Schiff + Hematoxylin (PASH) (scale bar 20 μm). d Male gonad in cross-section stained with Gomori's trichrome + hematoxylin (TG-H) (scale bar 20 μm). g gonad, gs gastric saccules, m mesoglea, nc nucleus, p pedalia, r rhopalia, sc spermatocyte, sd spermatid, sg spermatogonia, sp sperm, t tentacle, v velarium, vl vacuole
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