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76 results for “fertilization response”
Desert Fertilization Experiment: investigation of Sonoran desert ecosystem response to atmospheric deposition and experimental nutrient addition, ongoing since 2006
Launched in 2006 with support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) and leveraged by the CAP LTER, the Carbon and Nitrogen deposition (CNdep) project sought to answer the fundamental question of whether elemental cycles in urban ecosystems are qualitatively different from those in non-urban ecosystems. Ecosystem scientists, atmospheric chemists, and biogeochemists tested the hypothesis that distinct biogeochemical pathways result from elevated inorganic nitrogen and organic carbon deposition from the atmosphere to the land. To test the hypothesis, scientists examined the responsiveness of Sonoran desert ecosystems to nutrient enrichment by capitalizing on a gradient of atmospheric deposition in and around the greater Phoenix metropolitan area. Fifteen desert study sites were established, with five locations each west and east of the urban core, and in the urban core in desert preserves. In addition to the gradient of atmospheric deposition in and around the urban core, select study plots at each of the fifteen desert locations receive amendments of nitrogen, phosphorus, or nitrogen + phosphorus fertilizer. Measured variables include soil properties, perennial and annual plant growth, and atmospheric deposition of nitrogen. At the close of the initial grant period, the CAP LTER assumed responsibility for the project, renamed the Desert Fertilization Experiment, which provides a remarkable platform to study the long-term effects of nutrient enrichment on desert ecosystem properties.
Desert Fertilization Experiment: investigation of Sonoran desert ecosystem response to atmospheric deposition and experimental nutrient addition, ongoing since 2006 (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-cap/632/9. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context:
Desert Fertilization Experiment: investigation of Sonoran desert ecosystem response to atmospheric deposition and experimental nutrient addition, ongoing since 2006 (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/253/3, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-cap/632/9. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context:
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. A 100 yr old thermal erosion event response to P fertilization.
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for a 100yr old TEF response to P fertilization over 25 years.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. A 100 yr old thermal erosion event response to NP fertilization.
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for a 100yr old TEF response to N and P fertilization over 25 years.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. A 100 yr old thermal erosion event response to N fertilization.
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for a 100yr old TEF response to N fertilization over 25 years.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Tussock tundra fertilized greenhouse simulation
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 25 years of tussock tundra under fertilized greenhouse conditions.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Tussock tundra nitrogen fertilized simulation
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 25 years of tussock tundra under nitrogen fertilization conditions.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Tussock tundra nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization simulation
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 25 years of tussock tundra under nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization conditions.
Long term response of arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features: A modeling analysis. Tussock tundra phosphorus fertilization simulation
The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is used to simulate the recovery of Alaskan arctic tussock tundra to thermal erosion features (TEFs) caused by permafrost thaw and mass wasting. TEFs could be significant to regional carbon (C) and nutrient budgets because permafrost soils contain large stocks of soil organic matter (SOM) and TEFs are expected to become more frequent as climate warms. These simulations deal only with recovery following TEF stabilization and do not address initial losses of C and nutrients during TEF formation. To capture the variability among and within TEFs, we simulate a range of post-stabilization conditions by varying the initial size of SOM pools and nutrient supply rates. This file contains the results for 25 years of tussock tundra under phosphorus fertilization conditions.
Tree DBH response to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization in the MELNHE study, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Bartlett Experimental Forest, and Jeffers Brook
The Multiple Element Limitation in Northern Hardwood Ecosystems (MELNHE) project studies N and P acquisition and limitation of forest productivity through a series of nutrient manipulations in northern hardwood forests. This data set includes tree diameters at breast height (DBH) collected pre-treatment (2008, 2009, and 2010), and post-treatment (2011, 2015, 2019, and 2023). Additional detail on the MELNHE project, including a datatable of site descriptions and a pdf file with the project description and diagram of plot configuration can be found in this data package: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=344 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. None
Plant Community and Ecosystem Responses to Long-term Fertilization & Disturbance at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (1989 to 2019)
Dataset AbstractThis work is part of the long-term sampling and monitoring of successional dynamics in abandoned fields – and responses to N-fertilization. Data from this research has been, and will continue to, contribute to LTER cross-site analysis of plant community dynamics, diversity-productivity, and responses to fertilization and disturbance.N-fertilized and tilled (disturbed) microplots are located in the NW corner of all treatment 7 (early successional communities) on the LTER main site. Experimental treatments are: 1) Nitrogen addition vs. no nitrogen addition and 2) Annual disturbance vs. undisturbedoriginal data source http://lter.kbs.msu.edu/datasets/60
CO2 fertilization, transpiration deficit and vegetation period drive the response of mixed broadleaved forests to a changing climate in Wallonia: Dataset
<p>This repository is linked to the paper "CO2 fertilization, transpiration deficit and vegetation period drive the response of mixed broadleaved forests to a changing climate in Wallonia" submitted to Annals of Forest Science and written by Louis DE WERGIFOSSE (corresponding author), Frédéric ANDRE, Hugues GOOSSE, Steven CALUWAERTS, Lesley DE CRUZ, Rozemien DE TROCH, Bert VAN SCHAEYBROECK and Mathieu JONARD.</p> <p>The files stored in the repository are the input files that should be used in the model HETEROFOR to retrieve the results displayed in the study and the corresponding results themselves. The source code of the model HETEROFOR can be freely accessed and downloaded (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3591348). Additional information on the model can be found in the following description papers: Jonard et al., 2020 (https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-905-2020) and de Wergifosse et al., 2020 (https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1459-2020).</p> <p>The repository contains three directories. The first (HETEROFOR_input_files) comprises the additional files to those in the model repository presented in the previous paragraph needed to run the model for the purpose of this study. The second directory (Simulation_outputs_raw) contains the data directly provided by the model without any processing. The third directory (Simulation_outputs_raw) includes the model outputs after processing.</p> <p>The directory "HETEROFOR_input_files" is constituted of two directories called "Climate_files" and "Stand_files". "Climate_files" is subdivided in three sub-directories. Sub-directory "Original_downscaled_CORDEX_timeseries" contains the climate projections of the four sites and scenarios described in the study. These downscaled timeseries have been produced by the Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium under the program CORDEX.be, which is part of EURO-CORDEX. A bias correction has been further applied to these climate timeseries that are stored in the "Bias_corrected_timeseries" sub-directory. The files of these two sub-directories should be used in HETEROFOR as "Meteorological data" input files. The "CO2_concentrations" sub-directory includes the yearly averaged projected concentrations for the three RCP scenarios described in the paper. In HETEROFOR, they should be put as input in the "Atmospheric CO2 concentration" part after selecting the option "Variable over time". The second directory called "Stand files" contain the six inventory files described in the study for which a thinning has been applied. They should be used in HETEROFOR as "Inventory data" input files.</p> <p>The directory "Simulation_outputs_raw" is divided similarly to the study into two simulation experiments. The "First simulation experiment" directory is further subdivided into constant and time-dependent CO2 concentrations like in the study and contains one file for the regular modality and one for the thinning modality. All the files are constructed the same way with, for each tree and site (or stand, soil and climate), annual values of Net Primary Production (NPP) in kg of carbon, transpiration and potential transpiration in L under the different climate scenarios. In addition, the "Phenology" directory contains, for each day and under all climate scenarios, the green proportion (proportion of green leaves comprised between 0 and 1) for the two tree species considered in the study (Common oak and European beech).</p> <p>Finally, the directory "Simulation_outputs_processed" is constructed similarly to "Simulation_outputs_raw" but all the data are integrated in one file at the yearly time step. However, the units change with the NPP expressed in gC/m2 and transpiration and potential transpiration in mm (or L/m2) while the vegetation period is averaged according to the percentage of species occurrence<br> in the different stands.</p> <p><br> For more information concerning this repository or the study, please do not hesitate to contact Louis DE WERGIFOSSE (louis.dewergifosse@uclouvain.be) or Mathieu JONARD (mathieu.jonard@uclouvain.be).</p>
Genome size influences plant growth and biodiversity responses to nutrient fertilization in diverse grassland communities
Experiments comparing diploids with polyploids and in single grassland sites show that nitrogen and/or phosphorus availability influences plant growth and community composition dependent on genome size; specifically plants with larger genomes grow faster under nutrient enrichments relative to those with smaller genomes. However, it is unknown if these effects are specific to particular site localities with speciifc plant assemblages, climates, and historical contingencies. To determine the generality of genome size dependent growth responses to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilisation, we combined genome size and species abundance data from 27 coordinated grassland nutrient addition experiments in the Nutrient Network that occur in the Northern Hemisphere across a range of climates and grassland communities. We found that after nitrogen treatment, species with larger genomes generally increased more in cover compared to those with smaller genomes, potentially due to a release from nutrient limitation. Responses were strongest for C3 grasses and in less seasonal, low precipitation environments, indicating that genome size effects on water-use-efficiency modulates genome size-nutrient interactions. Cumulatively the data suggest that genome size is informative and improves predictions of species’ success in grassland communities.
Plant community response to fertilization at Sapelo Island, Georgia
Parallel fertilization experiments were performed in five different types of perennial plant mixtures found in the salt marsh habitat around Sapelo Island, Georgia, from May 1996 to September 1997. Each mixture differed in plot elevation, soil water content, and soil salinity, so each was considered a separate habitat. The mixtures also occurred in different geographic locations (i.e. Dean Creek on southern Sapelo Island, Marsh Landing on southwestern Sapelo Island, and Shell Hammock, which is near the University of Georgia Marine Institute). In May 1996, 16 1mx1m plots were placed within each plant mixture and alternate plots were assigned to control and fertilization treatments. Pelletized fertilizer (29% N, 3% P, 4% K) was broadcast into fertilization treatment plots by hand at the rate of 60g/m^2 every 2 weeks. The central 0.5mx0.5m of each plot was harvested in September 1997 after two summers growth. Live plants were sorted to species, dried to a constant mass, and weighed to measure biomass. Standing dead shoots and litter were not weighed.
Plastic responses of survival and fertility following heat stress in pupal and adult Drosophila virilis
<p>The impact of rising global temperatures on survival and reproduction is putting many species at risk of extinction. In particular, it has recently been shown that thermal effects on reproduction, particularly limits to male fertility, can underpin species distributions in insects. However, the physiological factors influencing fertility at high temperatures are poorly understood. Key factors that affect somatic thermal tolerance such as hardening, the ability to phenotypically increase thermal tolerance after a mild heat shock, and the differential impact of temperature on different life stages, are largely unexplored for thermal fertility tolerance. Here, we examine the impact of high temperatures on male fertility in the cosmopolitan fruit fly <i>Drosophila virilis</i>. We first determined whether temperature stress at either the pupal or adult life-history stage impacts fertility. We then tested the capacity for heat-hardening to mitigate heat-induced sterility. We found that thermal stress reduces fertility in different ways in pupae and adults. Pupal heat stress delays sexual maturity, whereas males heated as adults can reproduce initially following heat stress, but lose the ability to produce offspring. We also found evidence that while heat-hardening in <i>D. virilis </i>can improve high temperature survival, there is no significant protective impact of this same hardening treatment on fertility. These results suggest that males may be unable to prevent the costs of high temperature stress on fertility through heat-hardening which limits a species' ability to quickly and effectively reduce fertility loss in the face of short-term high temperature events.</p>
Plastic responses of survival and fertility following heat stress in pupal and adult Drosophila virilis
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Poplar response to Fertilization at the Kellogg Biological Station, Hickory Corners, MI (2011 to 2017)
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Responses of dry meadow Kobresia myosuroides and Carex rupestris to Nitrogen fertilization for East of Tvan, 2013 - 2015
A common response of plant communities to increased nitrogen (N) deposition is a shift in species’ abundances. Multiple factors have been proposed to explain the changes in abundance, notably competition and soil acidification. We hypothesized that a plant species that decreased in abundance with elevated N would have lower ectomycorrhizal fungi, altered root-associated bacteria communities, and/or greater susceptibility to Al toxicity than a species that increased in abundance with increasing N deposition. We examined changes in plant–microbe associations and Al toxicity in two dominant species from an alpine dry meadow community subjected to long-term low-level N addition. Carex rupestris has increased in cover over time with N addition and Kobresia myosuroides has decreased. We conducted field sampling of soil microbes from treatment plots and tested whether field levels of Al have toxic effects on sedge species in a greenhouse study. Declines in ectomycorrhizal infection of Cenococcum geophilum occurred on Kobresia with increasing N treatment. In contrast, neither Al level nor changes in bacteria community composition corresponded with the change in cover of sedge species. Decreased ectomycorrhizal infection may have contributed to the decrease in abundance of Kobresia. This study contributes to an understanding of the types of plant–soil interactions that may influence how plant species respond to N deposition and rejects Al toxicity and changes in bacteria composition as factors that likely play a role in changes in sedge abundance. Citations: Potter, T. S., Owens, W. M., Bowman, W. D. (2019). Do plant–microbe interactions and aluminum tolerance influence alpine sedge species’ responses to nitrogen deposition?. Ecosphere, 10(7), e02775.
Data from: Plant community responses to stand-level nutrient fertilization in a secondary tropical dry forest
The size of the terrestrial carbon (C) sink is mediated by the availability of nutrients that limit plant growth. However, nutrient controls on primary productivity are poorly understood in the geographically extensive yet understudied tropical dry forest biome. To examine how nutrients influence above‐ and belowground biomass production in a secondary, seasonally dry tropical forest, we conducted a replicated, fully factorial nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization experiment at the stand scale in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. The production of leaves, wood, and fine roots was monitored through time; root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi and the abundance of N‐fixing root nodules were also quantified. In this seasonal forest, interannual variation in rainfall had the largest influence on stand‐level productivity, with lower biomass growth under drought. By contrast, aboveground productivity was generally not increased by nutrient addition, although fertilization enhanced growth of individual tree stems in a wet year. However, root growth increased markedly and consistently under P addition, significantly altering patterns of stand‐level biomass allocation to above‐ vs. belowground compartments. Although nutrients did not stimulate total biomass production at the community scale, N‐fixing legumes exhibited a twofold increase in woody growth in response to added P, accompanied by a dramatic increase in the abundance of root nodules. These data suggest that the relationship between nutrient availability and primary production in tropical dry forest is contingent on both water availability and plant functional diversity.
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