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Software, Dataset, and Techreport: Mixed-precision finite element kernels and assembly: Rounding error analysis and hardware acceleration
<p>This upload contains a techreport titled "Mixed-precision finite element kernels and assembly: Rounding error analysis and hardware acceleration" together with the software (with documentation) and dataset generating the results. The software is also available on GitHub at https://github.com/croci/mpfem-paper-experiments-2024/ . The GitHub version may be updated in the future. This upload corresponds to commit number 8506dd368b84655201c8c72b1307239b9b4e43fd . See README.md file for installation instructions. The manuscript is also available on the arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.12614.</p>
FIG. 2 in Finite element analysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb in Hominoidea during simulated stone tool use
FIG. 2. — Free-body diagram of the phalanx in the different scenarios. This figure depicts the boundary conditions, areas of insertion of muscles, and direction of forces. For all loading configurations, joint reaction forces resulted from the rigid boundary constraints that were fixed at the distal joint in X, Y and Z-axes (light blue area), and at the proximal joint in the X-axis (dark blue area). The hammer reaction force (HRF) was applied to the entire palmar surface of the bone. 3.29 N for the HRF was simulated for Sc 1 and 3, and 7.65 N for Sc 2 and 4. Phalanges are shown in palmar (right) and radial (left) views.
FIG. 5 in Finite element analysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb in Hominoidea during simulated stone tool use
FIG. 5. — Box-plots of von Mises stress (MPa) distribution for all species under different scenarios, until Q95 (Sc 1 in grey, Sc 2 in yellow, Sc 3 in green and Sc 4 in red). The first row shows stress distribution of the models using the extant human as a reference to scale muscular forces in all other specimens, whereas the second one shows the results when the chimpanzee is used as a reference. Species are ordered from higher to lower peak stresses.
FIG. 1 in Finite element analysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb in Hominoidea during simulated stone tool use
FIG. 1. — Biomechanical model of hammerstone use: B, corresponds to a zoom in palmar view of the area of interest during A, the grip of a human individual (based on Marzke et al. 1998). B, shows the angles of the muscular forces acting on the PP1. HRF is in 90° relative to the horizontal line for scenarios 1 and 2 and in 45° for scenarios 2 and 4. This force was applied on the entire palmar surface of the PP1 except in the joint areas and is represented with a hatched rectangle. Angles of the muscle forces are shown relative to the horizontal line. Abbreviations: FAP, Adductor Pollicis Force; FAPB, Abductor Pollicis Brevis Force; FFPB, Flexor Pollicis Brevis Force; EPB, direction force was applied in 16.7° and is not showed here as it attached on the dorsal surface of the PP1. Grey rectangles represent the origin areas of the muscles.
FIG. 3 in Finite element analysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb in Hominoidea during simulated stone tool use
FIG. 3. — Von Mises stress maps for all analyzed species under different loading scenarios using the extant human as reference to scale the simulated muscular forces in all other specimens. Species are ordered from higher to lower peak stresses values. Phalanges are shown at the same length. MPa bar is set at 12 MPa.
FIG. 4 in Finite element analysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb in Hominoidea during simulated stone tool use
FIG. 4. — Von Mises stress maps for all analyzed species under different loading scenarios using the chimpanzee as reference to scale the simulated muscular forces in all other specimens. Species are ordered from higher to lower peak stresses values. Images are not scaled. MPa is set at 25 MPa.
TABLE 2 in Finite element analysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb in Hominoidea during simulated stone tool use
<p>TABLE 2. — Percentage of main locomotor behavoir of the non-human sample, according to Hunt (2004).</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Taxon</b></th><th><b>Climb</b></th><th><b>Braquiate</b></th><th><b>Clamber</b></th><th><b>Walk</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Chimpanzee</th><td>6.5</td><td>0.8</td><td>0.0</td><td>89.9</td></tr><tr><th>Gorilla</th><td>19.7</td><td>3.6</td><td>0.0</td><td>64.4</td></tr><tr><th>Orangutan</th><td>31.3</td><td>15.5</td><td>40.7</td><td>12.0</td></tr><tr><th>Gibbon</th><td>34.2</td><td>51.2</td><td>0.0</td><td>0.0</td></tr></tbody></table>
FIGURE 1 in Coupling finite element analysis and multibody system dynamics for biological research
FIGURE 1. Simplification of the center of head movement as a joint in extinct Temnospondyli amphibian when biting. Elaborated from the original image (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jammerbergia_formops.jpg). Under license: CC BY-SA 3.0 (creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/).
FIGURE 4 in Coupling finite element analysis and multibody system dynamics for biological research
FIGURE 4. Von Mises stress distribution in the skull for the Static Analysis in FEA in cases 1A, 2A, 3A, 1B, 2B and 3B.
FIGURE 2 in Coupling finite element analysis and multibody system dynamics for biological research
FIGURE 2. Studied test cases of different feeding movements when applying a force F=800 N in the direction of the red arrow (when the force is perpendicular at the view the red arrow is a red dot). Case 1A, 2A and 3A with a fixed boundary condition in the condyle without the web of beams. Case 1B, 2B and 3B with the web of beams in the condyle and a fixed boundary condition.
Finite Element Analysis perturbation files for Rubin Observatory Simonyi Survey Telescope and LSST Camera
<p>## Notes on FEA files</p> <p><br> </p> <p># M1M3 Bending modes</p> <p> </p> <p>M1M3_1um_156_grid.fits.gz</p> <p>- source = IM/data/M1M3/M1M3_1um_156_grid.txt</p> <p>- shape = (5256, 159)</p> <p>- Each row is one of 5256 FEA nodes.</p> <p>- 0th column is M1M3 disambiguator</p> <p>- 1st and 2nd columns are FEA node x and y in M1M3 CS</p> <p>- Last 156 columns are bending modes; the z-displacement of each node for each mode.</p> <p> </p> <p>M1M3_1um_156_force.fits.gz</p> <p>- source = IM/data/M1M3/M1M3_1um_156_force.txt</p> <p>- shape = (156, 159)</p> <p>- Each row is one of 156 bending modes.</p> <p>- 0th column is actuator ID</p> <p>- 1st and 2nd columns are actuator x and y in M1M3 CS</p> <p>- Last 156 columns are forces in Newtons for each mode.</p> <p><br> </p> <p># M1M3 print through</p> <p> </p> <p>M1M3_dxdydz_zenith.fits.gz</p> <p>- source = IM/data/M1M3/M1M3_dxdydz_zenith.npy</p> <p>- shape = (5256, 3)</p> <p>- Each row is one of 5256 FEA nodes.</p> <p>- Columns are dx, dy, dz in M1M3 CS.</p> <p>- This is the gravitational "print through" when mirror is zenith pointing</p> <p> </p> <p>M1M3_dxdydz_horizon.fits.gz</p> <p>- source = IM/data/M1M3/M1M3_dxdydz_horizon.npy</p> <p>- shape = (5256, 3)</p> <p>- Each row is one of 5256 FEA nodes.</p> <p>- Columns are dx, dy, dz in M1M3 CS.</p> <p>- This is the gravitational "print through" when mirror is horizon pointing</p> <p> </p> <p>M1M3_force_zenith.fits.gz</p> <p>- source = IM/data/M1M3/M1M3_force_zenith.npy</p> <p>- shape = (256,)</p> <p>- Each row is one of 256 actuators. (So we consider the x and y actuators here too.)</p> <p>- Columns are forces in Newtons.</p> <p>- These are the mirror support forces when the mirror is zenith pointing. (Is this after optimization? Include LUT or not?)</p> <p> </p> <p>M1M3_force_horizon.fits.gz</p> <p>- source = IM/data/M1M3/M1M3_force_horizon.npy</p> <p>- shape = (256,)</p> <p>- Each row is one of 256 actuators. (So we consider the x and y actuators here too.)</p> <p>- Columns are forces in Newtons.</p> <p>- These are the mirror support forces when the mirror is horizon pointing. (Is this after optimization? Include LUT or not?)</p> <p><br> </p> <p># M1M3 Thermal</p> <p> </p> <p>M1M3_thermal_FEA.fits.gz</p> <p>- source = IM/data/M1M3/M1M3_thermal_FEA.npy</p> <p>- shape = (5244, 7)</p> <p>- Each row is one of 5244 FEA nodes. (Why aren't these the same as above? I don't know.)</p> <p>- Columns are:</p> <p>- 0: Unit-Normalized FEA x</p> <p>- 1: Unit-Normalized FEA y</p> <p>- 2: Bulk temperature dz coefficient</p> <p>- 3: x temperature gradient dz coefficient</p> <p>- 3: y temperature gradient dz coefficient</p> <p>- 3: z temperature gradient dz coefficient</p> <p>- 3: r temperature gradient dz coefficient</p> <p><br> </p> <p># M1M3 Miscellany</p> <p> </p> <p>M1M3_influence_256.fits.gz</p> <p>- source = IM/data/M1M3/M1M3_influence_256.npy</p> <p>- shape = (5256, 256)</p> <p>- Each row is one of 5256 FEA nodes.</p> <p>- Each column is one of 256 actuators.</p> <p>- Values are dz/dF for each actuator/node.</p> <p> </p> <p>M1M3_LUT.fits.gz</p> <p>- source = IM/data/M1M3/M1M3_LUT.txt</p> <p>- shape = (257, 91)</p> <p>- First column is index in degrees (0-90 inclusive). Last 256 columns are forces in Newtons.</p> <p>- Each column is LUT for one value of the elevation index.</p> <p> </p> <p>M1M3_1000N_UL_shape_156.fits.gz</p> <p>- source = IM/data/M1M3/M1M3_1000N_UL_shape_156.npy</p> <p>- shape = (5256, 156)</p> <p>- Rows must be FEA nodes, columns must be bending modes.</p> <p>- Not sure what the purpose is of this one.</p> <p><br> </p> <p># M2 Bending modes</p> <p> </p> <p>M2_1um_grid.fits.gz</p> <p>- source = IM/data/M2/M2_1um_grid.DAT</p> <p>- shape = (15984, 75)</p> <p>- Each row is one of 15984 FEA nodes.</p> <p>- 0th column is node index ?</p> <p>- 1st and 2nd columns are FEA node x and y in M2 CS</p> <p>- Last 72 columns are bending modes; the z-displacement of each node for each mode.</p> <p> </p> <p>M2_1um_force.fits.gz</p> <p>- source = IM/data/M2/M2_1um_force.DAT</p> <p>- shape = (72, 75)</p> <p>- Each row is one of 72 bending modes.</p> <p>- 0th column is actuator ID</p> <p>- 1st and 2nd columns are actuator x and y in M2 CS</p> <p>- Last 72 columns are forces in Newtons for each mode.</p> <p> </p> <p># M2 print through / thermal</p> <p> </p> <p>M2_GT_FEA.fits.gz</p> <p>- source = IM/data/M2/M2_GT_FEA.txt</p> <p>- shape = (9084, 6)</p> <p>- Each row is one of 9084 FEA nodes. (Why aren't these the same as above? I don't know.)</p> <p>- Columns are:</p> <p>- 0: Unit-Normalized FEA x</p> <p>- 1: Unit-Normalized FEA y</p> <p>- 2: Zenith print through dz coefficient</p> <p>- 3: Horizon print through dz coefficient</p> <p>- 4: z temperature gradient dz coefficient</p> <p>- 5: r temperature gradient dz coefficient</p> <p><br> </p>
APPENDIX 3 in Finite element analysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb in Hominoidea during simulated stone tool use
<p>APPENDIX 3. — Mesh-weighted arithmetic mean (<b>MWAM</b>), mesh-weighted median (<b>MWM</b>), quartiles values (<b>Q25</b>, <b>50</b>, <b>75</b> and <b>95</b>), percentage error of the arithmetic mean (<b>PEofAM</b>) and percentage error of the median (<b>PEofM</b>) for each species and loading scenario, under chimpanzee-scaled conditions.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>SPECIE</th><th>SCENARIO</th><th><b>N of Elements</b></th><th><b>MWAM</b></th><th><b>MWM</b></th><th><b>Q25</b></th><th><b>Q50</b></th><th><b>Q75</b></th><th><b>M95</b></th><th><b>PEofAM</b></th><th><b>PEofM</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Chimpanzee</th><td>1</td><td>160104</td><td>8.0122</td><td>7.6599</td><td>4.2909</td><td>7.8345</td><td>11.4830</td><td>14.6530</td><td>0.0387</td><td>2.2794</td></tr><tr><th>Chimpanzee</th><td>2</td><td>160104</td><td>5.7312</td><td>5.4881</td><td>3.0880</td><td>5.6170</td><td>8.2101</td><td>10.4363</td><td>0.0341</td><td>2.3483</td></tr><tr><th>Chimpanzee</th><td>3</td><td>160104</td><td>8.0771</td><td>7.7090</td><td>4.3233</td><td>7.8865</td><td>11.5780</td><td>14.7960</td><td>0.0417</td><td>2.3024</td></tr><tr><th>Chimpanzee</th><td>4</td><td>160104</td><td>5.8607</td><td>5.5899</td><td>3.1557</td><td>5.7215</td><td>8.3844</td><td>10.7170</td><td>0.0419</td><td>2.3534</td></tr><tr><th>Modern Human</th><td>1</td><td>225743</td><td>7.5983</td><td>5.4469</td><td>3.0316</td><td>5.5620</td><td>11.3770</td><td>19.8150</td><td>0.7364</td><td>2.1135</td></tr><tr><th>Modern Human</th><td>2</td><td>225743</td><td>5.3623</td><td>3.8494</td><td>2.1389</td><td>3.9323</td><td>8.0325</td><td>13.9420</td><td>0.7334</td><td>2.1536</td></tr><tr><th>Modern Human</th><td>3</td><td>225720</td><td>7.6821</td><td>5.4907</td><td>3.0617</td><td>5.6072</td><td>11.4980</td><td>20.0690</td><td>0.7328</td><td>2.1222</td></tr><tr><th>Modern Human</th><td>4</td><td>225689</td><td>5.5209</td><td>3.9340</td><td>2.1951</td><td>4.0167</td><td>8.2813</td><td>14.4290</td><td>0.7156</td><td>2.1020</td></tr><tr><th>Neanderthal</th><td>1</td><td>240469</td><td>7.5408</td><td>5.7398</td><td>3.1415</td><td>5.8463</td><td>10.7260</td><td>19.1300</td><td>1.6003</td><td>1.8559</td></tr><tr><th>Neanderthal</th><td>2</td><td>240461</td><td>5.3229</td><td>4.0535</td><td>2.2448</td><td>4.1316</td><td>7.5691</td><td>13.4480</td><td>1.5817</td><td>1.9264</td></tr><tr><th>Neanderthal</th><td>3</td><td>240469</td><td>7.6103</td><td>5.7887</td><td>3.1663</td><td>5.8917</td><td>10.8170</td><td>19.3540</td><td>1.6076</td><td>1.7799</td></tr><tr><th>Neanderthal</th><td>4</td><td>240460</td><td>5.4615</td><td>4.1433</td><td>2.2936</td><td>4.2210</td><td>7.7516</td><td>13.9010</td><td>1.6017</td><td>1.8739</td></tr><tr><th>Gorilla</th><td>1</td><td>327267</td><td>7.5848</td><td>6.5180</td><td>4.1315</td><td>6.6614</td><td>10.0078</td><td>15.9652</td><td>0.1499</td><td>2.2001</td></tr><tr><th>Gorilla</th><td>2</td><td>327267</td><td>5.3112</td><td>4.5847</td><td>2.9071</td><td>4.6850</td><td>6.9811</td><td>11.1340</td><td>0.1473</td><td>2.1877</td></tr><tr><th>Gorilla</th><td>3</td><td>327267</td><td>7.7032</td><td>6.5956</td><td>4.1665</td><td>6.7425</td><td>10.1980</td><td>16.2770</td><td>0.1521</td><td>2.2272</td></tr><tr><th>Gorilla</th><td>4</td><td>327267</td><td>5.5459</td><td>4.7386</td><td>2.9746</td><td>4.8493</td><td>7.3571</td><td>11.7390</td><td>0.1536</td><td>2.3361</td></tr><tr><th>Orangutan</th><td>1</td><td>199857</td><td>7.9291</td><td>6.5783</td><td>4.2297</td><td>6.7471</td><td>10.3643</td><td>18.0617</td><td>0.6350</td><td>2.5660</td></tr><tr><th>Orangutan</th><td>2</td><td>199857</td><td>5.6296</td><td>4.6925</td><td>3.0326</td><td>4.8168</td><td>7.3231</td><td>12.7377</td><td>0.6308</td><td>2.6495</td></tr><tr><th>Orangutan</th><td>3</td><td>199782</td><td>8.0098</td><td>6.6472</td><td>4.2716</td><td>6.8239</td><td>10.4630</td><td>18.2554</td><td>0.6575</td><td>2.6582</td></tr><tr><th>Orangutan</th><td>4</td><td>199782</td><td>5.7884</td><td>4.8286</td><td>3.1119</td><td>4.9592</td><td>7.5206</td><td>13.1060</td><td>0.6481</td><td>2.7040</td></tr><tr><th>Gibbon</th><td>1</td><td>311442</td><td>12.1044</td><td>10.4260</td><td>6.1984</td><td>10.5940</td><td>16.2630</td><td>26.8950</td><td>0.1734</td><td>1.6114</td></tr><tr><th>Gibbon</th><td>2</td><td>311431</td><td>8.6667</td><td>7.4740</td><td>4.4483</td><td>7.5885</td><td>11.6390</td><td>19.2340</td><td>0.1762</td><td>1.5325</td></tr><tr><th>Gibbon</th><td>3</td><td>311442</td><td>12.1825</td><td>10.4940</td><td>6.2322</td><td>10.6650</td><td>16.3650</td><td>27.0820</td><td>0.1744</td><td>1.6295</td></tr><tr><th>Gibbon</th><td>4</td><td>311442</td><td>8.8241</td><td>7.6109</td><td>4.5179</td><td>7.7380</td><td>11.8330</td><td>19.6238</td><td>0.1753</td><td>1.6704</td></tr></tbody></table>
APPENDIX 2 in Finite element analysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb in Hominoidea during simulated stone tool use
<p>APPENDIX 2. — Number of elements (N elements), mesh-weighted arithmetic mean (<b>MWAM</b>), mesh-weighted median (<b>MWM</b>), quartiles values (<b>Q25</b>, <b>50</b>, <b>75</b> and <b>95</b>), percentage error of the arithmetic mean (<b>PEofAM</b>) and percentage error of the median (<b>PeofM</b>) for each species and loading scenario, under human-scaled conditions.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>INDIVIDUAL</th><th>SCENARIO</th><th><b>N of Elements</b></th><th><b>MWAM</b></th><th><b>MWM</b></th><th><b>Q25</b></th><th><b>Q50</b></th><th><b>Q75</b></th><th><b>M95</b></th><th><b>PEofAM</b></th><th><b>PEofM</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Modern Human</th><td>1</td><td>225689</td><td>3.7540</td><td>2.6128</td><td>1.3997</td><td>2.6690</td><td>5.6844</td><td>10.0261</td><td>0.7130</td><td>2.1509</td></tr><tr><th>Modern Human</th><td>2</td><td>225729</td><td>2.5238</td><td>1.7800</td><td>0.9680</td><td>1.8227</td><td>3.8100</td><td>6.6442</td><td>0.7309</td><td>2.3997</td></tr><tr><th>Modern Human</th><td>3</td><td>225689</td><td>3.8349</td><td>2.6530</td><td>1.4269</td><td>2.7080</td><td>5.8135</td><td>10.2790</td><td>0.7100</td><td>2.0714</td></tr><tr><th>Modern Human</th><td>4</td><td>225710</td><td>2.6876</td><td>1.8662</td><td>1.0241</td><td>1.9051</td><td>4.0670</td><td>7.1455</td><td>0.7225</td><td>2.0867</td></tr><tr><th>Neanderthal</th><td>1</td><td>240478</td><td>3.7401</td><td>2.7851</td><td>1.5604</td><td>2.8336</td><td>5.3814</td><td>9.6489</td><td>1.6161</td><td>1.7432</td></tr><tr><th>Neanderthal</th><td>2</td><td>240469</td><td>2.5277</td><td>1.8985</td><td>1.0995</td><td>1.9326</td><td>3.6118</td><td>6.4210</td><td>1.5858</td><td>1.7975</td></tr><tr><th>Neanderthal</th><td>3</td><td>240469</td><td>3.8275</td><td>2.8449</td><td>1.6271</td><td>2.8931</td><td>5.4883</td><td>9.8692</td><td>1.6163</td><td>1.6943</td></tr><tr><th>Neanderthal</th><td>4</td><td>240471</td><td>2.6708</td><td>1.9879</td><td>1.1443</td><td>2.0203</td><td>3.8108</td><td>6.8892</td><td>1.6184</td><td>1.6299</td></tr><tr><th>Chimpanzee</th><td>1</td><td>160103</td><td>4.1812</td><td>3.9750</td><td>2.2535</td><td>4.0610</td><td>5.9939</td><td>7.6454</td><td>0.0015</td><td>2.1631</td></tr><tr><th>Chimpanzee</th><td>2</td><td>160104</td><td>2.8698</td><td>2.7413</td><td>1.5694</td><td>2.8039</td><td>4.0960</td><td>5.1944</td><td>0.0004</td><td>2.2836</td></tr><tr><th>Chimpanzee</th><td>3</td><td>160046</td><td>4.2475</td><td>4.0192</td><td>2.2864</td><td>4.1141</td><td>6.0832</td><td>7.7941</td><td>0.0148</td><td>2.3599</td></tr><tr><th>Chimpanzee</th><td>4</td><td>160104</td><td>3.0042</td><td>2.8468</td><td>1.6410</td><td>2.9113</td><td>4.2753</td><td>5.4869</td><td>0.0164</td><td>2.2646</td></tr><tr><th>Gorilla</th><td>1</td><td>225710</td><td>2.6876</td><td>1.8662</td><td>1.0241</td><td>1.9051</td><td>4.0670</td><td>7.1455</td><td>0.7225</td><td>2.0867</td></tr><tr><th>Gorilla</th><td>2</td><td>327267</td><td>2.4440</td><td>2.1049</td><td>1.3316</td><td>2.1522</td><td>3.1882</td><td>5.1728</td><td>0.1482</td><td>2.2471</td></tr><tr><th>Gorilla</th><td>3</td><td>327267</td><td>3.7738</td><td>3.1737</td><td>1.9572</td><td>3.2548</td><td>5.0131</td><td>8.1784</td><td>0.1610</td><td>2.5570</td></tr><tr><th>Gorilla</th><td>4</td><td>327267</td><td>2.6870</td><td>2.2688</td><td>1.3987</td><td>2.3215</td><td>3.5807</td><td>5.7799</td><td>0.1603</td><td>2.3228</td></tr><tr><th>Orangutan</th><td>1</td><td>199857</td><td>4.0409</td><td>3.3878</td><td>2.1630</td><td>3.4804</td><td>5.2597</td><td>9.1689</td><td>0.6450</td><td>2.7344</td></tr><tr><th>Orangutan</th><td>2</td><td>199857</td><td>2.7519</td><td>2.3201</td><td>1.5089</td><td>2.3899</td><td>3.5526</td><td>6.1413</td><td>0.6300</td><td>3.0085</td></tr><tr><th>Orangutan</th><td>3</td><td>199813</td><td>4.1216</td><td>3.4543</td><td>2.2075</td><td>3.5543</td><td>5.3691</td><td>9.3611</td><td>0.6596</td><td>2.8941</td></tr><tr><th>Orangutan</th><td>4</td><td>199813</td><td>2.9129</td><td>2.4571</td><td>1.5893</td><td>2.5330</td><td>3.7670</td><td>6.5330</td><td>0.6369</td><td>3.0885</td></tr><tr><th>Gibbon</th><td>1</td><td>311431</td><td>6.3313</td><td>5.4576</td><td>3.2272</td><td>5.5294</td><td>8.5269</td><td>14.0750</td><td>0.1785</td><td>1.3156</td></tr><tr><th>Gibbon</th><td>2</td><td>311442</td><td>4.3431</td><td>3.7514</td><td>2.2259</td><td>3.8016</td><td>5.8425</td><td>9.6143</td><td>0.1738</td><td>1.3370</td></tr><tr><th>Gibbon</th><td>3</td><td>311442</td><td>6.4105</td><td>5.5281</td><td>3.2583</td><td>5.6069</td><td>8.6284</td><td>14.2694</td><td>0.1767</td><td>1.4247</td></tr><tr><th>Gibbon</th><td>4</td><td>311442</td><td>4.5087</td><td>3.9023</td><td>2.3007</td><td>3.9605</td><td>6.0438</td><td>10.0180</td><td>0.1783</td><td>1.4927</td></tr></tbody></table>
TABLE 3 in Finite element analysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb in Hominoidea during simulated stone tool use
<p>TABLE 3. — Mesh characteristics for each one of the specimens.Abbreviations: <b>a</b>, volume of the cortical bone; <b>b</b>, volume of trabecular bone; <b>c</b>, number of elements used to create the mesh for each FE model.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Specimen</b></th><th><b>Volume CB (mm</b> <b>3</b><b>)</b> <b>a</b></th><th><b>Volume TB (mm</b> <b>3</b><b>)</b> <b>b</b></th><th><b>N <b>elementsc</b></b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Modern human</th><td>1012.8</td><td>651.1</td><td>225729</td></tr><tr><th>Neanderthal</th><td>733.3</td><td>662.6</td><td>240469</td></tr><tr><th>Chimpanzee</th><td>1046.1</td><td>178.6</td><td>160103</td></tr><tr><th>Gorilla</th><td>1642.9</td><td>577.9</td><td>225710</td></tr><tr><th>Orangutan</th><td>610.1</td><td>542.8</td><td>199857</td></tr><tr><th>Gibbon</th><td>250.7</td><td>65.9</td><td>311431</td></tr></tbody></table>
APPENDIX 1 in Finite element analysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb in Hominoidea during simulated stone tool use
<p>APPENDIX 1. — Loads applied to the models for each one of the species under analysis and simulated loading scenarios. Abbreviations: <b>a</b>, forces (<b>N</b>) and angles (Ɵ) relative to the longitudinal axes of the bone; <b>b</b>, muscle forces for the human and chimpanzee reference models, respectively, are separate by a slash; <b>c</b>, force reactions in the proximal and distal joints were scaled to remove size effects when computing stress distributions.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Specimen</th><th>SC</th><th>HRFa</th><th>FPB HS /FPB PTb</th><th>AP HS /AP PTb</th><th>EPB HS /EPB PTb</th><th>ABP HS /ABP PTb</th><th>JRFc d</th><th></th><th><b><b>JRFc</b> mc</b></th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td></td><td><b>N</b></td><td>Ɵ</td><td><b>N</b></td><td>Ɵ</td><td><b>N</b></td><td>Ɵ</td><td><b>N</b></td><td>Ɵ</td><td><b>N</b></td><td>Ɵ</td><td><b>N</b></td><td>Ɵ</td><td><b>N</b></td><td>Ɵ</td></tr><tr><th>Modern Human</th><td>1 2 3 4</td><td>3.92 7.65 3.92 7.65</td><td>90 90 45 45</td><td>17.95/37.20 13.49/27.95 17.95/37.20 13.49/27.95</td><td>45 45 45 45</td><td>38.79/66.43 29.15/49.91 38.79/66.43 29.15/49.91</td><td>61.2 61.2 61.2 61.2</td><td>4.33/28.75 2.74/18.18 4.33/28.75 2.74/18.18</td><td>16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7</td><td>5.28/35.94 3.34/22.72 5.28/35.94 3.34/22.72</td><td>180 180 180 180</td><td>44.06/89.27 28.26/61.46 45.21/90.33 30.70/63.62</td><td>180 180 180 180</td><td>38.81/114.1 28.02/78.76 37.96/113.3 26.36/77.14</td><td>180 180 180 180</td></tr><tr><th>Neanderthal</th><td>1 2 3 4</td><td>3.92 7.65 3.92 7.65</td><td>90 90 45 45</td><td>14.47/29.99 10.87/22.54 14.47/29.99 10.87/22.54</td><td>45 45 45 45</td><td>31.28/53.56 23.50/40.24 31.28/53.56 23.50/40.24</td><td>61.2 61.2 61.2 61.2</td><td>3.49/23.18 2.21/14.66 3.49/23.18 2.21/14.66</td><td>16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7</td><td>4.26/28.98 2.69/18.32 4.26/28.98 2.69/22.72</td><td>180 180 180 180</td><td>35.55/72.02 22.79/49.58 36.46/72.85 24.75/51.29</td><td>180 180 180 180</td><td>30.75/91.35 22.36/63.11 30.27/90.88 21.41/62.18</td><td>180 180 180 180</td></tr><tr><th>Chimpanzee</th><td>1 2 3 4</td><td>3.92 7.65 3.92 7.65</td><td>90 90 45 45</td><td>18.34/38.01 13.78/28.56 18.34/38.01 13.78/28.56</td><td>45 45 45 45</td><td>39.64/67.88 29.78/51.00 39.64/67.88 29.78/51.00</td><td>61.2 61.2 61.2 61.2</td><td>– – – –</td><td>– – – –</td><td>5.39/36.72 3.41/23.22 5.39/36.76 3.41/23.22</td><td>180 180 180 180</td><td>43.78/82.63 28.05/57.36 45.11/83.92 30.92/60.02</td><td>180 180 180 180</td><td>35.51/90.61 26.15/64.17 35.78/90.89 26.7/64.7</td><td>180 180 180 180</td></tr><tr><th>Gorilla</th><td>1 2 3 4</td><td>3.92 7.65 3.92 7.65</td><td>90 90 45 45</td><td>24.78/51.36 18.62/38.59 24.78/51.36 18.62/38.36</td><td>45 45 45 45</td><td>53.55/91.71 40.24/68.91 53.55/91.71 40.24/68.91</td><td>61.2 61.2 61.2 61.2</td><td>5.97/39.69 3.78/25.10 5.97/39.69 3.78/25.10</td><td>16.7 16.7 16.7 16.7</td><td>7.29/49.61 4.61/31.37 7.29/49.61 4.61/31.37</td><td>180 180 180 180</td><td>61.17/125.1 39.33/86.13 64.27/128.2 45.94/92.39</td><td>180 180 180 180</td><td>49.14/144.11 35.31/99.38 49.57/144.53 36.15/100.2</td><td>180 180 180 180</td></tr><tr><th>Orangutan</th><td>1 2 3 4</td><td>3.92 7.65 3.92 7.65</td><td>90 90 45 45</td><td>19.74/40.91 14.83/30.74 19.74/40.91 14.83/30.74</td><td>45 45 45 45</td><td>42.66/73.06 32.06/54.90 42.66/73.06 32.06/54.90</td><td>61.2 61.2 61.2 61.2</td><td>– – – –</td><td>– – – –</td><td>5.80/39.52 3.67/24.99 5.80/39.52 3.67/24.99</td><td>180 180 180 180</td><td>47.62/89.76 30.56/62.34 49.01/91.09 33.44/65.02</td><td>180 180 180 180</td><td>47.85/117.2 34.51/82.77 50.55/119.84 39.78/87.92</td><td>180 180 180 180</td></tr><tr><th>Gibbon</th><td>1 2 3 4</td><td>3.92 7.65 3.92 7.65</td><td>90 90 45 45</td><td>7.08/14.66 5.32/11.02 7.08/14.66 5.32/11.02</td><td>45 45 45 45</td><td>15.29/26.1 11.49/19.68 15.29/26.19 11.49/19.68</td><td>61.2 61.2 61.2 61.2</td><td>– – – –</td><td>– – – –</td><td>2.08/14.17 1.32/8.96 2.08/14.17 1.32/8.96</td><td>180 180 180 180</td><td>17.75/32.87 11.25/22.87 17.88/33.25 12.1/23.65</td><td>180 180 180 180</td><td>19.08/45.46 13.75/32.18 19.64/46.00 14.84/33.24</td><td>180 180 180 180</td></tr></tbody></table>
TABLE 1 in Finite element analysis of the proximal phalanx of the thumb in Hominoidea during simulated stone tool use
<p>TABLE 1. — Sample. Abbreviations: <b>a</b>, age of individuals, if known; unk: unknown. <b>b</b>, M: male; F: female. <b>c</b>, R: right; L: left.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Species</b></th><th><b>Common name</b></th><th><b>Age a</b></th><th><b>Sex b</b></th><th><b>Side</b></th><th><b>Digital database/ <b>no</b></b></th><th><b>CT/microCT resolution (mm)</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><i>Homo sapiens</i></th><td>Modern human</td><td>59</td><td>M</td><td>R</td><td>None</td><td>0.08</td></tr><tr><th><i>Homo neanderthalensis</i></th><td>Neanderthal</td><td>unk</td><td>unk</td><td>R</td><td>NESPOS/ Krapina 202</td><td>0.03</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pan troglodytes</i></th><td>Chimpanzee</td><td>29</td><td>M</td><td>L</td><td>KURPI/345</td><td>0.219</td></tr><tr><th><i>Gorilla gorilla</i></th><td>Gorilla</td><td>38</td><td>M</td><td>R</td><td>KUPRI/1353</td><td>0.500</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pongo pygmaeus</i></th><td>Orangutan</td><td>32</td><td>F</td><td>R</td><td>None</td><td>0.03</td></tr><tr><th><i>Hylobates lar</i></th><td>Gibbon</td><td>33</td><td>M</td><td>R</td><td>KUPRI/465</td><td>0.250</td></tr></tbody></table>
Surrogate-modelling & machine learning dataset : finite element stress analysis of biaxial specimen with random elastic properties - 1000 samples
<p>Dataset finite element stress analysis of biaxial specimen with random elastic properties</p> <p>Unzip and execute dataset.py to visualise data samples. PyVista is needed.</p>
Surrogate-modelling & machine learning dataset : finite element stress analysis of biaxial specimen with random elastic properties - 100 samples
<p>Dataset finite element stress analysis of biaxial specimen with random elastic properties</p> <p>Unzip and execute dataset.py to visualise data samples. PyVista is needed</p>
Finite element analysis related to MiGriBot, a microrobotic structure
<p>The dataset presents the input and the results of three particular simulations made with ANSYS Workbench, a FEM software. Files contain information about the setting up of the analysis and results data.<br> There is information about the displacement of the parallel mechanism under actuation, a pick-and-place simulation, a modal analysis at the home configuration, and an evaluation of the stiffness of the gripper.</p>
Analysis files for MSC Marc finite element software, Article: The analysis of shrink-fit connection – the methods of heating and the factors influencing the distribution of residual stresses
<p>This archive contains model files for Finite Element Analysis of the shrink-fit connection in crankshaft and the files for charts in GNUPlot.</p>
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