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13 results for “fire adaptation”
The role of fire in the carbon dynamics of the boreal forest I. - Response of area burned to changing climate in western boreal North America using a Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) approach (2003-2100).
The boreal forest contains large reserves of carbon, and across this region wildfire is a common occurrence. To improve the understanding of how wildfire influences the carbon dynamics of this region, methods were developed to incorporate the spatial and temporal effects of fire into the Terrestrial ecosystem Model (TEM). The historical role of fire on carbon dynamics of the boreal region was evaluated within the context of ecosystem responses to changing atmospheric CO2 and climate. These results show that the role of historical fire on boreal carbon dynamics resulted in a net carbon sink; however, fire plays a major role in the interannual and decadal scale variation of source/sink relationships. To estimate the effects of future fire on boreal carbondynamics, spatially and temporally explicit empirical relationships between climate andfire were quantified. Fuel moisture, monthly severity rating, and air temperature explained a significant proportion of observed variability in annual area burned. These relationships were used to estimate annual area burned for future scenarios of climate change and were coupled to TEM to evaluate the role of future fire on the carbon dynamics of the North American boreal region for the 21st Century. Simulations with TEM indicate that boreal North America is a carbon sink in response to CO2 fertilization, climate variability, and fire, but an increase in fire leads to a decrease in the sink strength. While this study highlights the importance of fire on carbon dynamics in the boreal region, there are uncertainties in the effects of fire in TEM simulations. These uncertainties are associated with sparse fire data for northern Eurasia, uncertainty in estimating carbon consumption, and difficulty in verifying assumptions about the representation of fires that occurred prior to the start of the historical fire record. Future studies should incorporate the role of dynamic vegetation to more accurately represent post-fire successional pr
Character Networks of 'A Song of Ice and Fire' Adaptations Across Media
<p><strong>Description. </strong>This work aims at comparing three crossmedia adaptations of the same story: George R. R. Martin’s <em>A Song of Ice an Fire</em> original novels, the comics directly adapted from this series, and the <em>Game of Throne</em> TV show. To perform our analysis, we used two representations of these stories: textual vs. graph-based. The textual one corresponds to summaries, whereas the graphs are character networks, representing the interactions between characters. We performed a descriptive analysis of the three adaptations, and tackle a task consisting in automatically aligning the three stories.</p> <p>This dataset contains the input files used by our scripts (various versions of the character networks) as well as the files produced during the processing.</p> <ul> <li>The archives starting with `nets_` correspond to the network files used as input during processing.</li> <li>Those starting with `out_` are the files (mainly stats and plots) produced by our scripts.</li> </ul> <p>The networks are available in several versions, using the `graphml` format:</p> <ul> <li>Folder `cumul`: cumulative networks, i.e. dynamic networks that grow from the beginning to the end of the story. The very last network corresponds to the <em>static</em> network, i.e. the network representing the whole timeline.</li> <li>Folder `instant`: also a dynamic network, but this time each instant is not considered as an increment. Each `graphml` file only focuses on a specific temporal subdivision of the story.</li> </ul> <p>The temporal subdivisions depend on the considered medium:</p> <ul> <li>Novels: only <em>chapter</em>.</li> <li>Comics: <em>chapter</em> or <em>scene</em>.</li> <li>TV show: <em>episode</em>, <em>block</em> or <em>scene</em>.</li> </ul> <p>TV show blocks were defined <em>ad hoc</em> to get a subdivision larger than a scene but smaller than a whole episode. We experimented with two versions: blocs based on the location persistence vs. character similarity.</p> <p><strong>Software. </strong>The scripts are publicly available online: <a href="https://github.com/CompNet/Sachan">https://github.com/CompNet/Sachan</a></p> <p><strong>References. </strong>This work was published in the following article:</p> <ul> <li> <div> <div>A. Amalvy, M. Janickyj, S. Mannion, P. MacCarron, and V. Labatut, “Interconnected Kingdoms: Comparing ‘A Song of Ice and Fire ́Crossmedia Adaptations Using Complex Networks,” <em>Social Network Analysis and Mining</em>, vol. 14, p. 199, 2024. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-024-01365-z">10.1007/s13278-024-01365-z</a> ⟨<a href="https://hal.science/hal-04722579">hal-04722579</a>⟩</div> </div> </li> </ul> <p><strong>Citation. </strong>If you use these scripts, please cite the above article:</p> <pre><code>@Article{Amalvy2024c, author = {Amalvy, Arthur and Janickyj, Madeleine and Mannion, Shane and MacCarron, Pádraig and Labatut, Vincent}, title = {Interconnected Kingdoms: Comparing `A Song of Ice and Fire' Crossmedia Adaptations Using Complex Networks}, journal = {Social Network Analysis and Mining}, year = {2024}, volume = {14}, pages = {199}, doi = {10.1007/s13278-024-01365-z}, }</code><br><br></pre>
Data and code for: Roost selection by male northern long-eared bats (Myotis septentrionalis) in a managed fire-adapted forest
<p>Data and code for: Roost selection by male northern long-eared bats (<em>Myotis septentrionalis</em>) in a managed fire-adapted forest</p>
Repeated fuel treatments fall short of fire-adapted regeneration objectives in a Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest, USA
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Data from: Field heritability of a plant adaptation to fire in heterogeneous landscapes
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Data from: Genomic signatures of adaptation in native lizards exposed to human-introduced fire ants
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Data from: Persistent firing and adaptation in optic-flow-sensitive descending neurons
<p>A general principle of sensory systems is that they adapt to prolonged stimulation by reducing their response over time. Indeed, in many visual systems, including higher-order motion sensitive neurons in the fly optic lobes and the mammalian visual cortex, a reduction in neural activity following prolonged stimulation occurs. In contrast to this phenomenon, the response of the motor system controlling flight maneuvers persists following the offset of visual motion. It has been suggested that this gap is caused by a lingering calcium signal in the output synapses of optic lobe neurons. However, whether this directly affects the responses of the post-synaptic descending neurons, leading to the observed behavioral output, is not known. We use extracellular electrophysiology to record from optic flow sensitive descending neurons in response to prolonged wide-field stimulation. We find that, as opposed to most sensory and visual neurons, and in particular to the motion vision sensitive neurons in the brains of flies and mammals, the descending neurons show little adaption during stimulus motion. In addition, we find that the optic flow sensitive descending neurons display persistent firing, or an after-effect, following the cessation of visual stimulation, consistent with the lingering calcium signal hypothesis. However, if the difference in after-effect is compensated for, subsequent presentation of stimuli in a test-adapt-test paradigm reveals adaptation to visual motion. Our results thus show a combination of adaptation and persistent firing, in the neurons that project to the thoracic ganglia, and thereby control behavioral output.</p>
Data from: When can refuges mediate the genetic effects of fire regimes? A simulation study of the effects of topography and weather on neutral and adaptive genetic diversity in fire-prone landscapes
Understanding how landscape heterogeneity mediates the effects of fire on biodiversity is increasingly important under global changes in fire regimes. We used a simulation experiment to investigate how fire regimes interact with topography and weather to shape neutral and selection-driven genetic diversity under alternative dispersal scenarios, and to explore the conditions under which microrefuges can maintain genetic diversity of populations exposed to recurrent fire. Spatial heterogeneity in simulated fire frequency occurred in topographically complex landscapes, with fire refuges and fire-prone "hotspots" apparent. Interannual weather variability reduced the effect of topography on fire patterns, with refuges less apparent under high weather variability. Neutral genetic diversity was correlated with long-term fire frequency under spatially heterogeneous fire regimes, being higher in fire refuges than fire-prone areas, except under high dispersal or low fire severity (low mortality). This generated different spatial genetic structures in fire-prone and fire-refuge components of the landscape, despite similar dispersal. In contrast, genetic diversity was only associated with time since the most recent fire in flat landscapes without predictable refuges and hotspots. Genetic effects of selection driven by fire-related conditions depended on selection pressure, migration distance and spatial heterogeneity in fire regimes. Allele frequencies at a locus conferring higher fitness under successional environmental conditions followed a pattern of "temporal adaptation" to contemporary conditions under strong selection pressure and high migration. However, selected allele frequencies were correlated with spatial variation in long-term mean fire frequency (relating to environmental predictability) under weak dispersal, low selection pressure and strong spatial heterogeneity in fire regimes.
Data from: When can refuges mediate the genetic effects of fire regimes? A simulation study of the effects of topography and weather on neutral and adaptive genetic diversity in fire-prone landscapes
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Persistent firing and adaptation in optic-flow-sensitive descending neurons
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Data from: Interacting livestock and fire may both threaten and increase viability of a fire-adapted Mediterranean carnivorous plant
1. Quantifying interactive effects of environmental drivers on population dynamics can be critical for a robust analysis of population viability. Fire regimes, among the most widespread disturbances driving population dynamics, are increasingly modified by and interact with human activities. However, viability of fire-adapted species is typically assessed overlooking disturbance interactions, potentially resulting in suboptimal management actions. 2. We investigated whether increasing human disturbances in fire-prone ecosystems may pose a threat or an opportunity to improve population viability, using demographic data of the carnivorous, post-fire recruiting plant Drosophyllum lusitanicum, endemic to heathlands in the southwestern Mediterranean Basin. We built integral projection models and simulated population dynamics under different combinations of two key disturbance types affecting populations: fire and livestock browsing and trampling. We used perturbation analyses to determine potential long-term consequences of maintaining fundamentally different disturbance types. 3. Despite most populations inhabiting browsed habitats, simulations showed a greater extinction risk in populations under high livestock pressure compared with ones under low or moderate pressures. Extinction risk decreased when fire return intervals shortened in populations under low or moderate livestock pressure; however, the opposite pattern emerged in heavily browsed populations, where short intervals between fires increased extinction. 4. Elasticity analyses showed that decreases in viability under frequent disturbance interactions (heavy browsing and frequent fire) may be explained by selection against seed dormancy in populations with frequent browsing and trampling. This may potentially cause populations to collapse when fires kill above-ground plants without populations being able to recover from a seed bank. 5. Synthesis and applications: Incorporating disturbance interactions can result in a different assessment of viability of a fire-adapted species than considering fire regimes alone. In Mediterranean ecosystems, fire management may be more effective when integrating moderate human activities. However, replacing fires by human disturbances, a currently widespread strategy in many fire-prone ecosystems, is not recommended since it may fundamentally alter population dynamics and selection pressures and decrease viability of fire-adapted species.
Data from: Interacting livestock and fire may both threaten and increase viability of a fire-adapted Mediterranean carnivorous plant
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The role of plasticity and adaptation on in the incipient speciation of a fire salamander population
GEO Series GSE139590. Salamandra salamandra. 72 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.