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73 results for “fire severity”
Above ground plant and below ground stem biomass of samples from the severely burned site of the Anaktuvuk River fire, Alaska
Above ground plant and below ground stem biomass were measured in 2011 from three sites at and around the Anaktuvuk River Burn: severely burned, moderately burned and unburned. These samples were analyzed for carbon and nitrogen concentrations.
Anaktuvuk River, Alaska, USA tussock tundra flowering in response to fire severity, 2008-2015
Eriophorum vaginatum flower counts from annual photographs at the severe, moderate, and unburned Anaktuvuk River, Alaska, USA flux tower sites during peak flowering season (6/17-7/20).
Tree regeneration after fire: Effects of burn severity, CPCRW soil analysis
This study examines the effects of burn severity on patterns of post-fire tree establishment in the boreal forest. We collected data from 5 separate field experiments examining seedling establishment across different severity levels in 4 burns in central Yukon Territory, Canada, and interior Alaska, USA. The experimental studies focus on the germination, survival, and growth responses of four common tree species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), white spruce (Picea glauca) and black spruce (Picea mariana). Data on the soil organic layer (depth, moisture, bulk density, pH) were also collected at each site. This file contains more detailed data on organic soil measurements for the site at CPCRW. Data are included from 3 measurement dates: 4 August 2000 (org. depth and pH) 23 July 2001 (org. depth, soil wet and dry weights, pH) 16 July 2002 (org. depth, sample volume, soil wet and dry weights) Dry weights were obtained following drying in an oven for 48 hourse at 40-60 degrees C.
Tree regeneration after fire: Effects of burn severity, Delta soil analysis
This study examines the effects of burn severity on patterns of post-fire tree establishment in the boreal forest. We collected data from 5 separate field experiments examining seedling establishment across different severity levels in 4 burns in central Yukon Territory, Canada, and interior Alaska, USA. The experimental studies focus on the germination, survival, and growth responses of four common tree species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), white spruce (Picea glauca) and black spruce (Picea mariana). Data on the soil organic layer (depth, moisture, bulk density, pH) were also collected at each site. This file contains more detailed data from organic and mineral soil measurements made in the Delta 99 burn. Note that the file format differs from the CPCRW soil datafile. Information on warming manipulation plots at the Delta site are included here. Measurements of soil organic layer depth, wet weight, dry weight, %moisture, and pH are included for 4 sample dates. Some data are available only for one or two sample dates. Samples were taken with a 5-cm hand corer, except in 2001, where a 2-cm diameter corer was used. The sample dates are: 1 August 2000 17 July 2001 11 July 2002 17 July 2002
Tree regeneration after fire: Effects of burn severity, CPCRW vegetative cover analysis
This study examines the effects of burn severity on patterns of post-fire tree establishment in the boreal forest. We collected data from 5 separate field experiments examining seedling establishment across different severity levels in 4 burns in central Yukon Territory, Canada, and interior Alaska, USA. The experimental studies focus on the germination, survival, and growth responses of four common tree species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), white spruce (Picea glauca) and black spruce (Picea mariana). Data on the soil organic layer (depth, moisture, bulk density, pH) were also collected at each site. This file contains visual cover estimates, by species, for 2000-2002 at the CPCRW site. Sample dates are: 4 August 2000 25 July 2001 16 July 2002. Values are percent cover in a 1x1m quadrat, where T=trace (less than 0.5%), out=outside quadrat but inside experimental plot. An additional line is included which give the full species names associated with the 6-letter codes used as column headers.
Tree regeneration after fire: Effects of burn severity, Delta vegetative cover analysis
This study examines the effects of burn severity on patterns of post-fire tree establishment in the boreal forest. We collected data from 5 separate field experiments examining seedling establishment across different severity levels in 4 burns in central Yukon Territory, Canada, and interior Alaska, USA. The experimental studies focus on the germination, survival, and growth responses of four common tree species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), white spruce (Picea glauca) and black spruce (Picea mariana). Data on the soil organic layer (depth, moisture, bulk density, pH) were also collected at each site. This file contains visual cover estimates, by species, for 2000-2002 at the Delta site. Data for severity and warming treatments are included. Sample dates are: 31 July 2000 18 July 2001 13 July 2002. Values are percent cover in a 1x1m quadrat, where T=trace (less than 0.5%), out=outside quadrat but inside experimental plot. An additional line is included which give the full species names associated with the 6-letter codes used as column headers.
Tree regeneration after fire: Effects of burn severity, seedling germination analysis
This study examines the effects of burn severity on patterns of post-fire tree establishment in the boreal forest. We collected data from 5 separate field experiments examining seedling establishment across different severity levels in 4 burns in central Yukon Territory, Canada, and interior Alaska, USA. The experimental studies focus on the germination, survival, and growth responses of four common tree species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), white spruce (Picea glauca) and black spruce (Picea mariana). Data on the soil organic layer (depth, moisture, bulk density, pH) were also collected at each site. This file contains data on seedlings that germinated in the severity plots, for seeded and un-seeded (control) subplots. Data from the control subplots has been standardized by area (seedlings/subplot, where the subplot area=0.28 m2), and could be used to estimate natural rates of seedling establishment. Control values are the same for black and white spruce, as these species could not be distinguished.
Tree regeneration after fire: Effects of burn severity, germinated seedlings analysis
This study examines the effects of burn severity on patterns of post-fire tree establishment in the boreal forest. We collected data from 5 separate field experiments examining seedling establishment across different severity levels in 4 burns in central Yukon Territory, Canada, and interior Alaska, USA. The experimental studies focus on the germination, survival, and growth responses of four common tree species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), white spruce (Picea glauca) and black spruce (Picea mariana). Data on the soil organic layer (depth, moisture, bulk density, pH) were also collected at each site. This file contains data on total aboveground dry biomass of germinated seedlings harvested in late August, 2002. Seedlings are separated into those found in seeded subplots (target), non-seeded control plots (ctl), or partially-seeded control plots (seed-ctl, where plots were seeded in Sept 2000 but not June 2000). Cohorts indicate the year in which the seedlings were first observed. All seedlings of a species*cohort within a subplot were weighed together, and the average weight/seedling calculated. Note that a plot entry is included in the file only where a seedling was present.
Tree regeneration after fire: Effects of burn severity, transplanted seedlings analysis
This study examines the effects of burn severity on patterns of post-fire tree establishment in the boreal forest. We collected data from 5 separate field experiments examining seedling establishment across different severity levels in 4 burns in central Yukon Territory, Canada, and interior Alaska, USA. The experimental studies focus on the germination, survival, and growth responses of four common tree species, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), white spruce (Picea glauca) and black spruce (Picea mariana). Data on the soil organic layer (depth, moisture, bulk density, pH) were also collected at each site. This file contains summary biomass data for seedlings transplanted into field plots in June 2001, and harvested in late August 2002. Data represent current year biomass from 2002 (dry biomass, leaves and stems pooled). Values are average weights/seedling, where most plots had 3 seedlings, but some had fewer due to mortality or problems with planting. Note that there are no data for white spruce at the Carmacks site.
Fire-severity effects on plant-fungal interactions after a novel tundra wildfire disturbance: implications for arctic shrub and tree migration
Background-Vegetation change in high latitude tundra ecosystems is expected to accelerate due to increased wildfire activity. High-severity fires increase the availability of mineral soil seedbeds, which facilitates recruitment, yet fire also alters soil microbial composition, which could significantly impact seedling establishment. Results - We investigated the effects of fire severity on soil biota and associated effects on plant performance for two plant species predicted to expand into Arctic tundra. We inoculated seedlings in a growth chamber experiment with soils collected from the largest tundra fire recorded in the Arctic and used molecular tools to characterize root-associated fungal communities. Seedling biomass was significantly related to the composition of fungal inoculum. Biomass decreased as fire severity increased and the proportion of pathogenic fungi increased. Conclusions - Our results suggest that effects of fire severity on soil biota reduces seedling performance and thus we hypothesize that in certain ecological contexts fire-severity effects on plant-fungal interactions may dampen the expected increases in tree and shrub establishment after tundra fire.
Supplementary Material for "Invasive plants are associated with increased fire frequency but decreased burn severity in Southern California shrubland ecosystems"
<p>This Zenodo repository contains all data, scripts, and supplementary materials for the manuscript entitled, "Invasive plants are associated with increased fire frequency but decreased burn severity in Southern California shrubland ecosystems".</p>
Young forests and fire: Using lidar-imagery fusion to explore fuels and burn severity in a subalpine forest reburn, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming.
Anticipating fire behavior as climate change and fire activity accelerate is an increasingly pressing management challenge in fire-prone landscapes. In subalpine forests adapted to infrequent, stand-replacing fire, self-limitation of burn severity in short-interval fire is incompletely understood. Spatially explicit fuels data can support assessments of landscape-scale fire risk and fuels feedbacks on burn severity. For a about 1,450 km2 largely forested landscape in the US Northern Rocky Mountains, we used airborne lidar and imagery to predict and map canopy and surface fuels. In a fire that burned mature ( greater than 125-year-old) and also reburned young (~30-year-old) subalpine forest, we then asked: (1) How do pre-fire fuels and burn severity compare between young and mature forests that burned under similar fire weather conditions? (2) How well do pre-fire fuels and forest structure predict burn severity under extreme versus moderate fire weather? Lidar-imagery fusion predicted fuel characteristics with high accuracy across forest and shrubland vegetation (R2 from 0.65-0.95). Young post-fire forests had abundant, densely packed canopy fuels, and both young and mature forests had similar canopy fuel loads and coarse wood biomass. Under similar weather conditions, young and mature forests burned at similar severity. Overall, fuels were weak predictors of burn severity and, surprisingly, better predicted severity under extreme (R2LMM(m) = 0.27) rather than moderate (R2LMM(m) = 0.15) fire weather. Our findings are relevant for subalpine landscapes increasingly dominated by young lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forests vulnerable to short-interval fire and provide a benchmark to assess how fuels influence burn severity in future fires. Fire managers should continually reassess fuels and update expectations about fire behavior as landscapes change. Although recovering post-fire forests can limit fire spread and severity for a period of time, our resu
Observational study of post-fire mycorrhizal communities associated with resprouting Betula nana shrubs across a fire-severity gradient in the Anaktuvuk River Fire burn scar, 2009
The dataset contains fungal community data from a sampling campaign in 2009, two growing seasons after the Anaktuvuk River Fire. We used molecular tools, including ARISA and fungal ITS sequencing, to characterize the mycorrhizal communities on resprouting Betula nana shrubs across a fire-severity gradient. Summarized data can be viewed by site and provide information on richness and abundance of basidiomycetes and ascomycetes andChao1 and MaoTau estimators of richness.
ARISA fungal community profiles for each resprouting Betula nana shrub sampled in an observational study of post-fire mycorrhizal communities across a fire-severity gradient in the Anaktuvuk River Fire burn scar, 2010
The dataset contains fungal community data from a sampling campaign in 2009, two growing seasons after the Anaktuvuk River Fire. We used molecular tools, including ARISA and fungal ITS sequencing, to characterize the mycorrhizal communities on resprouting Betula nana shrubs across a fire-severity gradient. ARISA profiles are provided for each shrub sampled in the study.
Operational taxonomic units characterizing fungal communitties associated with resprouting Betula nana shrubs sampled across a fire-severity gradient in the Anaktuvuk River Fire burn scar, 2010
The dataset contains fungal community data from a sampling campaign in 2009, two growing seasons after the Anaktuvuk River Fire. We used molecular tools, including ARISA and fungal ITS sequencing, to characterize the mycorrhizal communities on resprouting Betula nana shrubs across a fire-severity gradient. Summarized data can be viewed by site and provide information on richness and abundance of basidiomycetes and ascomycetes andChao1 and MaoTau estimators of richness. OTU data are provided for each shrub sampled in the study.
Plant life history data as evidence of an historical mixed-severity fire regime in Banksia woodlands
<p><i><strong>Context:</strong></i> The concept of the fire regime serves as an agreed upon template by which to inform understanding and management of fire-prone ecosystems globally. While observations from satellite imagery or palaeoecological proxy data can provide direct evidence of past fire regimes, they may be limited in temporal and/or spatial scale and are not available for all ecosystems. However, fire-related plant trait and demographic data offers an alternative approach to understand species-fire regime associations at the ecosystem scale. </p><p><i><strong>Aims:</strong></i> We aimed to quantify the life history strategies and associated fire regimes for six co-occurring shrub and tree species from fire-prone, Mediterranean climate Banksia woodlands in southwestern Australia. </p><p><i><strong>Methods:</strong></i> We collected static demographic data on size structure, seedling recruitment, and plant mortality across sites of varying time since last fire. We combined demographic data with key fire-related species traits to define plant life history strategies. We then compared observed life histories with <i>a priori</i> expectations for surface, stand-replacing, and mixed-severity fire regime types to infer historical fire regime associations.</p><p><i><strong>Key results:</strong></i> Fire-killed shrubs and weakly serotinous trees had abundant post-fire seedling recruitment, but also developed multi-cohort populations during fire-free periods via inter-fire seedling recruitment. Resprouting shrubs had little seedling recruitment at any time, even following fire, and showed no signs of decline in the long absence of fire likely due to their very long lifespans. </p><p><i><strong>Conclusions:</strong></i> The variation in life history strategies for these six co-occurring species is consistent with known ecological strategies to cope with high variation in fire intervals in a mixed-severity fire regime. While resprouting and strong post-fire seedling recruitment indicate a tolerance of frequent fire, inter-fire recruitment and weak serotiny is interpreted as a bet-hedging strategy to cope with occasional long fire-free periods that may otherwise exceed adult and seed bank lifespans. </p><p><i><strong>Implications:</strong></i> Our findings suggest that Banksia woodlands have evolved with highly variable fire intervals in a mixed-severity fire regime. Further investigations of species adaptations to varying fire size and patchiness can help extend our understanding of fire regime tolerances.</p>
Abiotic factors modify ponderosa pine regeneration outcomes after high-severity fire
<p>Large high-severity burn patches are increasingly common in southwestern US dry conifer forests. Seed-obligate conifers often fail to quickly regenerate large patches because their seeds rarely travel the distances required to reach the core patch area. Abiotic factors may further alter the distance seeds can travel to regenerate a patch, which would change expected post-fire regeneration patterns. We used the presence and density of ponderosa pine regeneration as a proxy for seed dispersal to quantify the effect of abiotic factors on seed dispersal into high-severity patches. We established 45 transects in burn patches across the Gila National Forest, NM, USA to measure regeneration density in areas that varied by aspect, slope, and prevailing wind direction relative to intact forest. We modeled the effect of abiotic features on regeneration presence and density, comparing density estimates against a distance-only model to assess differences in model performance and expected regeneration density. We found the highest regeneration densities on north-facing aspects that were near, downwind, and downslope of intact forest, which decreased in density and likelihood as conditions for seed dispersal became less favorable. Accounting for abiotic factors improved model performance and increased regeneration density estimates compared to the distance-only model. Our findings indicate that regeneration presence and density vary as a function of the interaction between abiotic factors and distance to the primary seed source, which is determined by patch characteristics. Therefore, abiotic factors will have a smaller effect on regeneration outcomes in large, simple patches, which have more area further from the patch edge.</p>
Role of bark beetle disturbance and fuel types on fire radiative power and burn severity in the Bohemian-Saxon Switzerland - Data and Material.
<p>This data repository includes different datasets for fuel types, burn severity, fire radiative power and burned area, which were analysed and used in our paper on the <strong>Role of bark beetle disturbance and fuel types on fire radiative power and burn severity in the Bohemian-Saxon Switzerland</strong>.</p> <p>Study area: National Park Bohemian and Saxon Switzerland and conservation areas, Germany and Czech Republic.</p> <p>Burn severity:<br>dnbr_fire22.nc – Burn severity data covering the burned area, which has been calculated with the Difference Normalized Burn Index (dNBR) using Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8, 9 images. Remote sensing images were reprojected and resampled to 10 m to ensure harmonization before index calculation.</p> <p>cbi.csv – Burn severity surveyed in the field in autumn 2022 as validation data for the dNBR. Contains: ID, coordinates, CBI, CBI values separated for different strata (A to E) and individual strata variables, forest type and species for intermediate trees (strata D) and tall trees (strata E), and the dNBR value that covered the plot extent.</p> <p>Burned area:<br>burned_area.shp – Burned area was mapped by rangers in the Saxon Switzerland National Park and was taken from the dataset provided by the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (EMS) for the Bohemian Switzerland National Park.</p> <p>FRP:<br>frp.nc - Fire Radiative Power gridded to 300 m and clipped to the burned area. FRP during the main fire spread 24/07/22 - 29/07/22. </p> <p>Fuel:<br>fueltype_bohemiansaxonswitzerland.nc/fueltype_bohemiansaxonswitzerland_postfire.nc – Raster datasets (10m spatial resolution, EPSG:32633) of fuels present in the area before and after the fire. The fuel classification system can be found in the fuel_classification.xlsx.</p> <p>fuel_classification.xlsx – The fuel type classification system for the study area. Fuel type ID's as seen in fueltype_bohemiansaxonswitzerland.nc (pre- and postfire).</p>
Figure 1 in Little Fire Ant, Wasmannia auropunctata (Roger) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Established at Several Locations on Guam
Figure 1. Map collection sites (after Burdick 2006) of W. auropunctata on Guam: (a) Primo Northern Wasteland, Yigo (N 13.5411, E 13.5411); (b) Nimitz Hill, Piti (N 13.4612, E 144.7080); (c) Pigua, Merizo (N 13.2648, E 144.6719);(d) Santa Rita (N 13.3919, E 144.6671); (e) Going to Veteran's Park, Umatac (N 13.3037, E 144.6742); (f) Matgue River, Piti (N 13.4685, E 144.7078); (g) Nimitz Hill, Piti (N 13.4641, E 144.7039).
Data and code for "increasing aridity causes larger and more severe forest fires across Europe"
<p>### Data and code for "increasing aridity causes larger and more severe forest fires across Europe"</p> <p>This repository holds code and data for the publication in GCB entitled: Increasing aridity causes larger and more severe forest fires across Europe (manuscript accepted)</p> <p> </p> <p># scripts</p> <p>all scripts are in the folder "lib". In order to perform the full analysis, please follow through all scripts.<br> we provide the results of some steps in order to reduce runtime for the user. we indicate this in the headings of the scripts.</p> <p>1. in the first script we prepare the ERA5-Land data. The code for the download is provided.<br> The user needs a CDS API for downloading.</p> <p>2. the data from the ERA5-Land summer VPD is extracted for the fire complexes</p> <p>3. calculation of the maximum fire size to total burned area relationship</p> <p>4. the models are calibrated and compared. In this script the figure 3 and 4 are created </p> <p>5. preparation of the future climate dataset. Again, the script for the download is provided but the user needs an API.</p> <p>6. Extraction of the CMIP6 VPD.</p> <p>7. Future climate analysis</p> <p>8. Plotting of all figures that were not done in the previous scripts</p> <p><br> # data</p> <p>climate: we provide the climate grid. all other climate data can be downloaded following the instructions within the scripts.</p> <p>complexes: we provide the fire complexes of each country. This data contains all information needed for the analysis including year, size, severity and polygon information. The complexes are based on the data from Senf & Seidl, 2021 (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-020-00609-y) which can be downloaded here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7080016</p> <p>countries: we provide the shapefiles of each country and Europe that are needed for the analysis in this folder.</p> <p>ecoregions: Olson et al. terrestrial ecosystems should be downloaded from: https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=be0f9e21de7a4a61856dad78d1c79eae</p> <p>models: we provide all final models used for the analysis.</p> <p>results: we provide the results of the individual steps. This should help to reduce the runtime for the user.</p> <p> </p> <p># additional information</p> <p>R version 3.6.3 (2020-02-29)<br> Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)<br> Running under: Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS</p>
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