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Figure 3 in Miscellaneous notes on the fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) in McDermott's 1966 catalogue of Lampyridae
Figure 3. McDermott's original handwritten literature notecards. a) Notecard showing the incorrect citation for the for Pyrocoelia tappana. b) Notecard showing the correct citation for Lamprocera latreillei. c) Notecard showing McDermott's incorrect citation for Tenaspis semifusca.
Collective synchrony of mating signals modulated by ecological cues and social signals in bioluminescent sea fireflies
<p><span>Individuals often employ simple rules that can emergently synchronise behaviour. Some collective behaviours are intuitively beneficial, but others like mate signalling in leks occur across taxa despite theoretical individual costs. Whether disparate instances of synchronous signalling are similarly organised is unknown, largely due to challenges observing many individuals simultaneously. Recording field collectives and <em>ex situ</em> playback experiments, we describe principles of synchronous bioluminescent signals produced by marine ostracods (Crustacea; Luxorina) that seem behaviorally convergent with terrestrial fireflies, and with whom they last shared a common ancestor over 500 mya. Like synchronous fireflies, groups of signalling males use visual cues (intensity and duration of light) to decide when to signal. Individual ostracods also modulate their signal based on the distance to nearest neighbours. During peak darkness, luminescent "waves" of synchronous displays emerge and ripple across the sea floor every ~60 seconds, but such periodicity decays within and between nights after the full moon. Our data reveal these bioluminescent aggregations are sensitive to both ecological and social light sources. Because the function of collective signals is difficult to dissect, evolutionary convergence, like in the synchronous visual displays of diverse arthropods, provides natural replicates to understand the generalities that produce emergent group behaviour.</span></p>
FIGURE 1 in Evolutionary history of species of the fireFly subgenus Hotaria (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Luciolinae, Luciola) inferred from DNA barcoding data
FIGURE 1 Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree of 128 samples of 14 morphospecies based on COI barcode sequences. The percentages at terminal taxa indicate intraspecific genetic divergence. The percentages at each node indicate genetic divergence for the split. Weakly supported nodes (bootstrap values below 70%) are Downloaded from Brill.com 12/12/2023 03:05:57PM shown in red. via Open Access. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY 4.0 License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
FIGURE 4 in Evolutionary history of species of the fireFly subgenus Hotaria (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Luciolinae, Luciola) inferred from DNA barcoding data
FIGURE 4 Time-calibrated phylogram calculated using BEAST based on the COI dataset for 128 samples of 14 morphospecies. Blue numbers below nodes are estimated diversification dates with confidence intervals (blue bars). Posterior probabilities (PP) are marked on nodes with an asterisk (PP = 1.00). Pli = Pliocene, Ple = Pleistocene
FIGURE 5 in Evolutionary history of species of the fireFly subgenus Hotaria (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Luciolinae, Luciola) inferred from DNA barcoding data
FIGURE 5 Distributional patterns (collection sites) for terminal taxa of Luciola unmunsana (LU), L. papariensis (LP), and L. tsushimana (LT) constructed using BEAST. Red dotted line indicates the approximate location of the "Bekdudaegan" mountains. Yellow dotted line indicates the approximate location of the "Hannam-Geumbuk Jeongmaeck" mountains. Green dotted line denotes the approximate location of the "Nakdong Jeongmaeck" mountains. The map was extracted from Google Earth.
FIGURE 3 Majority-rule consensus tree from a in Evolutionary history of species of the fireFly subgenus Hotaria (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Luciolinae, Luciola) inferred from DNA barcoding data
FIGURE 3 Majority-rule consensus tree from a Bayesian analysis (BI) of 128 samples of 14 morphospecies based on COI barcode sequences. The numbers at each node indicate Downloadedposteriorfrom Brill. probabilities com 12. /12/ Weakly 2023 03 sup-:05:57PM ported nodes (posterior via probabilityOpen below Access. 0.95) Thisareis an shownopenin red. access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY 4.0 License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
FIGURE 2 in Evolutionary history of species of the fireFly subgenus Hotaria (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Luciolinae, Luciola) inferred from DNA barcoding data
FIGURE 2 Maximum likelihood (ML) tree of 128 samples of 14 morphospecies based on COI barcode sequences. The numbers at each node indicate support (%). Weakly supported nodes (below 70%) are shown in red. Downloaded from Brill.com 12/12/2023 03:05:57PM via Open Access. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY 4.0 License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Figure 1 in On the firefly (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) species of Carl Linnaeus
Figure 1. Comparison of Linnaeus' descriptions. A) Description of Cantharis lampyris Linnaeus, 1758. B) Description of Lampyris hespera Linnaeus, 1767 new synonym.
Figure 2 in New state records of the firefly-mimicking cockroach Achroblatta luteola (Blanchard, 1843) (Blattodea: Blaberidae: Panchlorinae) in Mexico
Figure 2. Records of Achroblatta luteola for Mexico and neighboring areas. Red dot represents a doubtful record (Guanajuato). / Registros de Achroblatta luteola para México y áreas limÍtrofes. Punto rojo representa un registro dudoso (Guanajuato).
Figure 1. Achroblatta luteola from Veracruz, Mexico. A in New state records of the firefly-mimicking cockroach Achroblatta luteola (Blanchard, 1843) (Blattodea: Blaberidae: Panchlorinae) in Mexico
Figure 1. Achroblatta luteola from Veracruz, Mexico. A. Dorsal view of adult female. B. Ventral view of adult male. C. Antenna. D. Dorsal view of the pronotum. E. Supra-anal plate of male (pr = paraproctus, sap = supranal plate). F. Subgenital plate of male (app = apodeme, st = style, sgp = subgenital plate). G. Male genitalia (L1 = left sclerite one). Scale bars A, B=10 mm; C, D=2 mm; E-G=1 mm. / A. Vista dorsal de hembra adulta. B. Vista ventral de macho adulto. C. Antena. D Pronoto en vista dorsal. E. Lámina supra-anal masculina (pr = paraprocto, sap = lámina supra-anal). F. Lámina subgenital masculina (app = apodema, st = estilo, sgp = lámina subgenital). G. Genitales masculinos (L1 = esclerito izquierdo uno). Barras de escala A, B=10 mm; C, D=2 mm; E-G=1 mm.
Figs. 1-17 in A Phylogenetic Reassessment Of The Rare S. E. Asian Firefly Genus Pygoluciola Wittmer (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
Figs. 1-17. Features of male Pygoluciola. 1, 6, 13-17: P. guigliae; 2: 'Mt Missim' male; 3, 7: P. kinabalua holotype male; 4, 10-12: P. stylifer holotype male; 5, 8-9: P. wittmeri. 1-5: dorsal, male pronota (left side shows colour pattern, right side sculpturing; solid line indicates extent of irregular tubercles, dotted lines retraction of fat body): 6,7: dorsal, whole body; aedeagi (8; 10 ventral; 9, 12 dorsal; 11, left lateral); 13: maxillary palp, ventral surface; 14: labial palp, ventral surface; 15-17: aedeagal sheath, dorsal, ventral, and lateral. These figures share scale lines: 1-5; 6-7; 8-14; 15-17. Figure legend: A, anus; BP, basal piece; EO, ejaculatory orifice; LL, lateral lobe; ML, median lobe; TS, tergite aedeagal sheath; VS, ventrite aedeagal sheath.
Figure 38 in A Phylogenetic Reassessment Of The Rare S. E. Asian Firefly Genus Pygoluciola Wittmer (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
Figure 38. (A). The strict consensus of the 2992 MPT for 49 taxa of the Luciolinae found with phylogenetic analysis of 115 characters, excluding 10 colour and mimicry characters. (B). The majority rule consensus of the 2992 MPT for the Luciolinae, showing above the branch the percentage of MPT retaining that node. 153 of the MPT were compatible with the majority rule consensus.
Fig. 37. Female reproductive system. A in A Phylogenetic Reassessment Of The Rare S. E. Asian Firefly Genus Pygoluciola Wittmer (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
Fig. 37. Female reproductive system. A, diagrammatic representation of ventrite 8, part of female genitalia, bursa and spermatheca and gland [bursa is shown to side of spermatheca] Figure not to scale, dimensions represented relatively; B, internal aspect, hook in bursa; scale line is 1 mm. Figure legend: B, bursa (arrow indicates hook); O, median oviduct; S, spermatheca; P, gland; V8, ventrite 8; V, valvifers female genitalia.
Figs. 18-36 in A Phylogenetic Reassessment Of The Rare S. E. Asian Firefly Genus Pygoluciola Wittmer (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
Figs. 18-36. Features of female Pygoluciola: Figs. 18-27; Features of female Pygoluciola: Figs. 28-36. 18, 22, 26, 27-29, 31, 33, 36 (P. wittmeri); 19, 21, 27, 30, 32, 34, 35 (P. guigliae); 20, 23-25 (P. stylifer holotype male). 18, 19, 23, 28, 30, ventral terminal abdominal segments [29 stippled outline in V 7 = fat body, in 30 = lateral elevations of V7]; 20, 22, 29, dorsal, terminal abdominal segments; 21, vertical face of apex of MPP of ventrite 7, dorsal face uppermost; 24, posterior face apex of tergite 8; 25, 26, lateral terminal abdominal segments, ventrites uppermost [26 anus, stippled, protrudes through MPP of V7]; 27, dorsal face abdominal tergite 8; 31, 32, dorsal surface abdominal ventrite 7 [right side only; stippling = dorsally reflexed cuticle; in 32 dotted oval = position of elevation]; 33, 34, ventral face, abdominal ventrite 8; 35, 36, ventral female genitalia. These figures share scale lines: 18, 20, 22, 23, 28-30; 19, 25-27; 31-34; 35-36.
Figure 41. Preferred MPT from 153 in A Phylogenetic Reassessment Of The Rare S. E. Asian Firefly Genus Pygoluciola Wittmer (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
Figure 41. Preferred MPT from 153 filtered MPT compatible with the majority rule consensus of the 2992 MPT, Part 2, Atyphella clade. Unambiguous character and state changes were mapped using MacClade. Colour and mimicry characters, not used in the phylogenetic analysis, are enclosed in boxes. Bremer support values shown above nodes.
Figure 39 in A Phylogenetic Reassessment Of The Rare S. E. Asian Firefly Genus Pygoluciola Wittmer (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
Figure 39. Semistrict consensus of 195 successively weighted trees. Percentage of successively weighted trees with this resolution shown above the branch. None of the MPT was compatible with the semistrict consensus successively weighted trees.
Figure 40. Preferred MPT from 153 in A Phylogenetic Reassessment Of The Rare S. E. Asian Firefly Genus Pygoluciola Wittmer (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)
Figure 40. Preferred MPT from 153 filtered MPT compatible with the majority rule consensus of the 2992 MPT, Part 1, without Atyphella clade. Unambiguous character and state changes were mapped using MacClade. Colour and mimicry characters, not used in the phylogenetic analysis, are enclosed in boxes. Bremer support values shown above nodes.
Fig. 1 in Fluorescence in fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): using sentinel prey to investigate a possible aposematic signal
Fig. 1. Seasonal changes in the number of recorded attacks on artificial prey having fluorescent (short-dashed line) and non-fluorescent (long-dashed line) markings between Oct 2017 and Feb 2018. For each trial, 36 observations were made for each treatment; in the fifh and sixth trials there were only 34 observations due to sampling difficulties. Total number of models attacked is also shown.
Fig. 2 in Fluorescence in fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): using sentinel prey to investigate a possible aposematic signal
Fig. 2. Relationship between climatic variables and the total number of attacks recorded on artificial prey (both treatments combined) during each wk-long assay conducted from Oct 2017 through May 2018 (n = 11 wk): (a) photoperiod (d length in h), (b) average temperature per wk.
Fig. 3 in Fluorescence in fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): using sentinel prey to investigate a possible aposematic signal
Fig. 3. Dorsal and ventral aspects of the head area of an Ellychnia corrusca adult illuminated with (a, b) Nightsea BlueStar light emitting 440 to 460 nm, and photographed with a longpass yellow filter (500 nm cutoff), and (c, d) the same individual under white light illumination.
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