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4 results for “fish kairomone”
The morphological and life-history data of two Daphnia species under different fish kairomone concentrations
<p><em>Daphnia</em> species can avoid predation by sensing fish kairomones and producing inducible defenses by altering the phenotype. However, the inducible response mechanisms of different <em>Daphnia</em> species to fish kairomones remain unclear. In this study, the morphological and life history strategy of two <em>Daphnia</em> species (<em>Daphnia pulex</em> and <em>Daphnia sinensis</em>) exposed to <em>Aristichthys nobilis</em> kairomones were studied. In the presence of fish kairomones, the two <em>Daphnia</em> species exhibited significantly smaller body length at maturity, smaller body length of offspring at the 10<sup>th</sup> instar, and longer relative tail spine of offspring. Nevertheless, other morphological and life history traits of the two <em>Daphnia</em> species differed. <em>D. pulex</em> showed a significantly longer relative tail spine length and shorter age at maturity after exposure to fish kairomones. The total offspring number of <em>D. sinensis </em>exposed to fish kairomones was significantly higher than that of the control group, whereas that of <em>D. pulex</em> was significantly lower. These results suggest that the inducible mechanisms (e.g., relative tail spine length, age at maturity, and total offspring number) of the two <em>Daphnia </em>species exposed to fish kairomones differ significantly and that the maternal morphological traits can be transferred to the offspring such that they can avoid predation.</p>
Induction of daytime downward migration in a field-derived Daphnia population by the fish kairomone CPS – a mesocosm approach
<p>The fish-borne bile salt 5α-cyprinol sulfate (CPS) has been identified as a kairomone inducing the predator avoidance behavior "diel vertical migration" (DVM) in <em>Daphnia</em> <em>magna</em> in response to fish. Conclusions about the ecological significance of CPS have been derived from laboratory experiments only. Using a mesocosm approach, we investigate whether the role of CPS as a kairomone can be confirmed in the field. We demonstrate that CPS induces downward migration during daytime in a field-derived <em>Daphnia</em> community consisting of <em>D. longispina </em>and<em> D. cucullata </em>and<em> in D. longispina</em> in particular. In the study lake, <em>D. longispina</em> shows a similar pattern of DVM. Quantification of CPS by HPLC-MS confirms that CPS in situ concentrations in the lake are sufficiently high for induction of daytime downward migration of <em>D. longispina</em> in this oligo-mesotrophic lake. Conclusively, we provide evidence for the significance of CPS as a kairomone in freshwater systems.</p>
The morphological and life-history data of two Daphnia species under different fish kairomone concentrations
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Mesocosm experiments validate induction of Daphnia vertical migration by the fish-derived kairomone 5α-cyprinol sulfate
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