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37 results for “floristic diversity”
Floristic Diversity of the Experimental Watersheds, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest
While tree species succession and response to disturbance has been extensively researched, little similar effort has focused on understory herbaceous communities. This study conducted the first complete botanical inventories, with ranked abundance estimates, of the experimental watersheds of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), compared their relative floristic characters, and provided baseline data for long-term diversity monitoring at HBEF. Five of these watersheds were composed of mature (90 - 100 year old) secondary-growth forest, while two were young (16 and 26 year old) tertiary-growth forests recovering from conventional clear-cutting treatments. Floristic similarities were analyzed using ANCOVA, dominance-diversity curves, and similarity matrices. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Data from: Differential patterns of floristic phylogenetic diversity across a post-glacial landscape
<p>Abstract: Aim: In this study, we explored spatial patterns of phylogenetic diversity and endemism in the flora of Norway and tested hypothesized post-glacial environmental drivers of phylogenetic diversity, including temperature, precipitation, edaphic factors, and time since glacial retreat.<br> <br> Location: Norway.<br> <br> Taxon: Vascular plants (Trachaeophyta).<br> <br> Methods: We produced a multi-locus Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogeny using a combination of newly produced DNA sequences from herbarium specimens and sequences available from public repositories. We combined the phylogeny with species occurrence data to estimate phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic endemism across Norway, using a spatial randomization to judge statistical significance. We used multiple-model inference to identify environmental variables that contributed the most to the patterns of phylogenetic diversity. Finally, we estimated phylogenetic turnover and used this to identify Norwegian plant assemblages in terms of composition and evolutionary history.<br> <br> Results: Our ML phylogeny contained 87% of all currently described native Norwegian vascular plants. Assemblages were phylogenetically overdispersed in warmer and wetter regions of Norway, as well as in regions with a longer post-glacial history. In cold and dry regions, plant assemblages were phylogenetically clustered, and characterised by neo-endemism, while the mild and wet regions were characterised by both paleo- and neo-endemism. Phylogenetic diversity was positively correlated with summer temperature and habitat heterogeneity, and peaked in the southeast of Norway.<br> <br> Main conclusions: Both contemporary ecological factors (climate and habitat heterogeneity), and post-glacial history seem to have shaped the phylogenetic structure of the flora of Norway. The flora in the far north of Norway appear to be a result of recent diversification while the coastal regions are assemblages of deeper lineages. Our results suggest that there is an evolutionary signal in the distribution of the Norwegian vascular flora.</p>
Fig. 1 in Landscape-B Asin Approach To The Study Of Floristic Diversity (Heterogeneous Catchments Of Steppe And Forest-Steppe Zones Of Altai Krai, Russia, As A Case Study)
Fig. 1. Landscape and floristic regionalization of neighboring the Kasmalinsky basin and the Barnaulka river basin.
Figure 2 in A floristic assessment of grassland diversity loss in South Africa
Figure 2: Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) ordination for: A, transformed and untransformed grasslands; B, within land-use type transformation. Squares, transformed grasslands; circles, untransformed grasslands; Empty symbols, urban sites; filled symbols, agricultural sites.
Figure 1 in Comparative floristic diversity of Southwest Primorye and neighboring areas of the Russian Far East
Figure 1. Geographical location of Southwest Primorye, structured in administrative units, and floristic regionalization of the southern part of the Russian Far East (RFE). 1 - national boundary of the Russian Federation; 2 - boundaries of administrative units; 3 boundaries of floristic districts; 4 boundaries of floristic subdistricts; 5 - boundary of Amur River basin (watershed line); 6 - boundaries of Southwest Primorye. Floristic districts: Okh. - Okhotsk (with subdistricts: C - central, S - southern), Ald. - Aldan, Nyuk. - Nyukzha, Daur. - Dauria, N. Sakh. - North-Sakhalin, U.Z. - Upper-Zeya, L.Z. - Low-Zeya, Bur. - Bureya, Amg. - Amgun, Uss. - Ussuri (with subdistricts: N - northern, C - central, S - southern), S. Sakh. - South Sakhalin. Floristic regionalization is given according to edition "Vascular plants of Soviet Far East" (Kharkevich, 1985-1996; Kharkevich and Tzvelev, 2003).
Data from: Differential patterns of floristic phylogenetic diversity across a post‐glacial landscape
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A case study of the effects of wetland restoration on the hydrology, species diversity, species composition and floristic quality of restored wetlands within a Central Florida ranchland, 2003 - ongoing.
In the USA the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) has restored millions of acres of wetlands through its Wetland Reserve Easement (WRE) programs. However few quantitative studies have explored whether WREs have enhanced wetland hydrology and wetland plant communities. Additionally USDA Compatible Use Permits for cattle grazing and other management practices are sometimes issued for WREs but little is known about potential benefits/detriments of such practice on the success of wetland restoration. In this study we tested if hydrological restoration of previously drained species poor pastures increased water depth and hydroperiod. Restoration involved plugging key ditches adding water control structures and a berm. We also tested if hydrological restoration increased plant diversity (alpha and beta) floristic quality (using coefficient of conservatism) and increased the cover of wetland species (using species wetland status). Finally we tested if cattle grazing had an effect on the success of restoration by comparing grazed plots to fenced plots. We studied two conservation easements (a total of 748 acres) located on semi-native pastures in central Florida USA. We monitored vegetation using permanent transects stratified by vegetation type before (2004-2005) and after (2012) the restoration (2008). We assessed wetland hydroperiod using groundwater wells set up in 2003 and located within and outside the boundaries of these two easements.
Floristic composition, structure and diversity of riparian forests in southwestern Nigeria: Conservation is inevitable
<p>The Nigerian riparian forest ecosystems had declined in extent and distribution and this had been attributed mainly to land use change. This study intended to provide an understanding of the links between plant diversity, composition, structures, and disturbances both anthropogenic and natural processes inducing the vegetation dynamics. Nine study sites were used for this study, within each site, five (5) plots (0.25 ha in size) were marked out and placed systematically at an interval of 10 m along the transect. A complete enumeration of plant species was carried out and identified at the species level. Diversity indices and structural parameters were determined and anthropogenic activities were ranked. A total number of 233 plant species were identified, belonging to 80 families; out of which, Euphorbiaceae and Apocynaceae were dominant families The density and basal area ranged from 2,200-6,000 ha<sup>-1</sup> and 2.59-17.58 m<sup>2</sup> ha<sup>-1</sup> respectively across the study sites. <em>Pterocarpus santalinoides</em>, <em>Alchornea cordiflora</em>, <em>Chassalia kolly</em>, <em>Tetracera</em> spp,<em> Fimbristylis</em>, <em>Bambusa vulgaris</em> and <em>Cyrtosperma senegalense</em> were the dominant species. The Shannon diversity index ranged from (1.38-3.49), Simpson (0.66-0.97), and Evenness diversity (0.43-0.84). Fisher alpha (10.03-30.21) and Whittaker beta diversity (0.36-0.89) values were highest in Ipetumodu (site VIII) and lowest in Ilesha (site II). Seventy-three (73%) of the species in this study had a low important value index (IVI). The dominance of some lianas and herbaceous species in the riparian forest sites showed disturbances, stages of ecological succession, and regeneration of the vegetation. Conservation is inevitable towards maintaining and protecting species diversity, ecosystem roles, and services of these forests in Nigeria.</p>
Floristic composition, structure and diversity of riparian forests in southwestern Nigeria: Conservation is inevitable
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Supplementary material 1 from: Huang J, Guo Z, Tang S, Ren W, Chu G, Wang L, Zhao L, Yu R, Xu Y, Ding Y, Zang R (2020) Floristic composition and plant diversity in distribution areas of native species congeneric with Betula halophila in Xinjiang, northwest China. Nature Conservation 42: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.42.54735
Figure S1. The correlation between environmental variables in distribution areas of five congeneric species with Betula halophila
Data from: Plant diversity and endemism in the California Floristic Province
The California Floristic Province (CFP) is an area of high biodiversity and endemism corresponding roughly to the portion of western North America having a Mediterranean-type climate. High levels of diversity and endemism in the CFP are attributed to the unique geo-climatic setting of the region. In recent years, much has been learned about the origins of plant diversity in western North America. This work, however, has been hindered by a focus on political rather than biotic regions, such that much more is known about diversity and endemism in the state of California than the natural biotic region represented by the CFP. Here we present a preliminary list of native land plants (vascular plants and bryophytes) found in the CFP, as well as an analysis of diversity and endemism patterns at the level of both species and minimum rank taxa (MRT; species and infraspecific taxa). A total of 6,927 MRT are native to the CFP, including 6,143 vascular plants and 784 bryophytes. Of these, 2,612 vascular plants are endemic to the CFP (42%) compared to 37 endemic bryophytes (5%). Finally, 2,506 native CFP vascular plant MRT (41% of the CFP flora) and 454 CFP bryophyte MRT (58% of the CFP flora) are found outside California in the Oregon and Baja California parts of the CFP. This high degree of sharing across political boundaries among both vascular plants and bryophytes highlights the cohesiveness of the CFP, and the need to focus more research effort on biotic regions.
Effects of cultivation practice on floristic and flowering diversity of spontaneously growing plant species on arable fields
<p>In the past, the floristic diversity of arable fields has been described in terms of species diversity (SD) and their degree of coverage (C), but never in combination with the recording of the actually flowered species (FS) and their flowering intensity (FI) to striking differences in the cultivation methods on arable land. In relation with SD and C, however, FS and FI may provide important additional information on the functional biodiversity of fields. The aim was therefore to investigate the effects of a) conventional, b) organic as well as c) smallholder (never application of herbicides) on the floristic diversity. Using a region in Germany, we investigated SD, C, FS and FI synchronously in a), b) and c), by 356 vegetation surveys (5x5m plots) conducted in spring and summer in 2019 in winter cereals. Statistical tests were used to analyse the differences between a), b) and c). The medians were used to compare the floristic diversity of a), b) and c) and finally relationships of FS and FI to SD were analysed in relation to the cultivation methods. Significant differences in SD, C, FS and FI were found between the a), b) and c) in spring and summer characterised by sharp declines from c) to b) to a). A drastic reduction in floristic diversity from c) 100 to b) 52 to a) 3 was determined. Plants in flower (FS, FI), were very poorly in a), moderately well to well in b) and well to very well represented in c). C) to a) was characterised by an sharp decline, and, from a) to b) by sharp increase in floristic diversity. With current acreage proportions of a) in mind, this would affect, about one-third of land area in Germany, associated with a drastic reduction in functional biodiversity for insects.</p>
FIGURE 3 in Notes on the diversity and floristic affinity of mosses (Musci, Bryophyta) from Zambales Mountain Range, Luzon island, Philippines
FIGURE 3. Vegetation types in Zambales Mountain Range. A. Upper montane forest near the summit of Mount Tapulao, Zambales Province. B. Open, low-growing woody plants dominate the heath-like vegetation of Mount Tapulao's summit. C. Mount Pinatubo in the Zambales Province now occupied by a lake. D. Water-dripped mesophyllous vegetation surrounding Pasukulan Falls, southeast of Mt. Natib, municipality of Abucay, Bataan Province. (Photos by V. C. Linis)
FIGURE 5 in Notes on the diversity and floristic affinity of mosses (Musci, Bryophyta) from Zambales Mountain Range, Luzon island, Philippines
FIGURE 5. Phenetic tree demonstrating Zambales moss flora overall floristic distance/ similarity with neighbouring areas/ regions in Luzon including the islands of Mindoro and Palawan.
FIGURE 2 in Notes on the diversity and floristic affinity of mosses (Musci, Bryophyta) from Zambales Mountain Range, Luzon island, Philippines
FIGURE 2. Vegetative types in Zambales Mountain Range: A. Anthropogenic habitats on the west slope of Mount Natib, Bataan Province. B. Reforestation composed mostly of Casuarina equisetifolia L. at Anawangin Cove, Zambales Province. C. A Mangrove thicket along the lower reaches of Morong River, Bataan Province. D. Imperata cylindrica (L.) P.Beauv. (Gramineae) grasslands associated with Cycas zambalesii Madulid & Agoo over ultramafic soils at Mount Balingkilat, municipality of San Antonio, Zambales Province. E. Vegetation on karst terrain near the city of Alaminos in Pangasinan Province. F. Riverine vegetations surrounding Tukal-tukal Falls east of Botolan municipality, Zambales Province. G. Lower montane forest of Pantingan Peak, Mariveles Mountains, in the Bataan Province. H. Tropical pine forests near the summit of Mount Tapulao (High Peak), municipality of Palauig, Zambales Province. (Photos by V. C. Linis)
FIGURE 1 in Notes on the diversity and floristic affinity of mosses (Musci, Bryophyta) from Zambales Mountain Range, Luzon island, Philippines
FIGURE 1. Mount Tapulao (High Peak) rising above other peaks in Zambales Mountain Range. (Photos by V. C. Linis)
FIGURE 3 in Integrative assessment of the floristic diversity of Gentianaceae in an area of campo rupestre of the Espinhaço Range in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 3. Species of Gentianaceae from the Parque Municipal de Mucugê - Projeto Sempre Viva (PMM), Bahia, Brazil: Calolisianthus pedunculatus (A), Chelonanthus purpurascens (B), Curtia verticillaris (C), Curtia tenuifolia (D), Prepusa montana (E), Schultesia bahiensis (F), Schultesia crenuliflora (G), Schultesia pachyphylla (H). Scale bars: A: 2 cm; B: 1 cm; C: 0,5 cm; D: 0,5 cm; E: 2 cm; F–H: 1 cm. Photo A, B, E, F, G and H by Maria Luiza Silveira de Carvalho; C and D by Vinicius Dittrich and Gustavo Shimizu, respectively.
FIGURE 1 in Integrative assessment of the floristic diversity of Gentianaceae in an area of campo rupestre of the Espinhaço Range in the state of Bahia, northeastern Brazil
FIGURE 1. Parque Municipal de Mucugê—Projeto Sempre Viva (PMM), Bahia, Brazil. Map of the study area, evidencing the location of PMM and other areas of the Espinhaço Range (ER) used for comparison in this study (A), "campo rupestre" phytophysiognomy (B). Photo B by Ariane Leite. Legend: (Lilac area) ER above 1000 m a.s.l.
Data from: Plant diversity and endemism in the California Floristic Province
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Effects of cultivation practice on floristic and flowering diversity of spontaneously growing plant species on arable fields
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