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89 results for “flow pattern”
Divergence, gene flow and the origin of leapfrog geographic distributions: the history of color pattern variation in Phyllobates poison-dart frogs
<p>The geographic distribution of phenotypic variation among closely related populations is a valuable source of information about the evolutionary processes that generate and maintain biodiversity. Leapfrog distributions, in which phenotypically similar populations are disjunctly distributed and separated by one or more phenotypically distinct populations, represent geographic replicates for the existence of a phenotype, and are therefore especially informative. Phyllobates poison frogs. We found evidence for high levels of gene flow between neighboring populations but not over long distances, indicating that gene flow between populations exhibiting the central phenotype may have a homogenizing effect that maintains their similarity, and that introgression between "leapfroging" taxa has not played a prominent role as a driver of phenotypic diversity in <i>Phyllobates</i>. Although phylogenetic analyses suggest that the leapfrog distribution was formed through independent evolution of the peripheral (i.e. leapfrogging) populations, the elevated levels of gene flow between geographically close populations poise alternative scenarios, such as the history of phenotypic change becoming decoupled from genome-averaged patterns of divergence, which we cannot rule out. These results highlight the importance of incorporating gene flow between populations into the study of geographic variation in phenotypes, both as a driver of phenotypic diversity and as a confounding factor of phylogeographic inferences.</p>
Dataset from : Detection and Analysis of an Alternate Flow Pattern in a Radial Vaned Diffuser
<p>This dataset pertains to the publication 'Detection and Analysis of an Alternate Flow Pattern in a Radial Vaned Diffuser', V. Moënne-Loccoz, I. Trébinjac, N. Poujol, P. Duquesne. International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power. MDPI (2020).</p><p>Where possible, each figure is provided in CSV format.</p>
BRAIN Journal-Two new software behavioral design patterns: Obligation Link and History Reminder-Figure 4. The Flow chart of the "History Reminder" design pattern
<p>The “History Reminder” design pattern has two main classes: HistoryReminder and HistoryReminderOriginator. The flow chart of the “History Reminder” design pattern is given in Figure 4.</p>
Figure 1 in Gene Flow Patterns of the Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquito in Colombia: a Continental Comparison Suggests Multiple Invasion Routes and Gene Exchange
Figure 1 Geographic location of the A. aegypti populations included in this study and gene-flow models evaluated. In both graphics, circles indicate the populations and arrows represent the gene flow between populations. A) Scale at American continent level (N = 2,996 specimens from six locations: Mexico – North America (M-NA), Venezuela (VZ), Peru (PE), Brazilian Amazon (BrAm), southeastern Brazil (SEBr), and Colombia (CO). B) Scale at South America level (N = 1,083 specimens from six locations: Venezuela, Peru, Brazilian Amazon (5 locations; Brazilian Amazon (BrAM), Manaus (MAO), Belém (BL). Boa Vista (BV), Rio Branco (RB), Porto Velho (PV)), Southeastern Brazil (SEBr) and Colombia (2 locations; Sucre (S), Quindio (Q)).
Figure 4. Phylogeny constructed through Bayesian inference estimated from the 35H in Gene Flow Patterns of the Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquito in Colombia: a Continental Comparison Suggests Multiple Invasion Routes and Gene Exchange
Figure 4. Phylogeny constructed through Bayesian inference estimated from the 35H found of the ND4 gene for the A. aegypti populations in the American continent. The blue horizontal bars above the branches reflect the 95% CI for the branch supports. The color bars (blue, green, and red) on the tree terminals indicate which haplotypes are exclusive for a specific population. The dotted lines on the right side of the tree and numbers I or II indicate to what clade each of the terminals belong. H1-Col (Colombia (Sucre and Quindio), Venezuela, Peru, M-NA, Brasil (MA-O, RBPV, SEBr, BE-L)), H4 (Venezuela, M-NA, Brasil (MA-O, RBPV, BEL)), H3 (Venezuela, M-NA, Brazil (RBPV, SEBr, BE-L)), H2-Col (Colombia (Sucre), Venezuela, Peru, M-NA, Brazil (RBPV, SEBr, BE-L)), H13 (M-NA, Brazil (SEBr)), H8 (Venezuela, Brazil (SEBr)).
Figure 3 in Gene Flow Patterns of the Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquito in Colombia: a Continental Comparison Suggests Multiple Invasion Routes and Gene Exchange
Figure 3. Representation of the gene-flow model with greater subsequent probability in the scenarios of the Americas and South America.A. Scale at American continent level (N = 2,996 specimens from six locations: Mexico–North America, Venezuela, Peru, Brazilian Amazon, southeastern Brazil, and Colombia. Within the continent context, the Stepping Stone 1 model shows through the green vectors the way the gene flow occurs among the different populations evaluated. B. Scale at South America level; the Full-migration model indicates migration among all the populations, hence, plotting of the potential migration routes through passive land transport (Pan-American highway) and riverine paths (principal rivers).
FIGURE 2. Schematic showing hypothesized flow patterns within the hydrospire folds. 2.1 in Visualizing the fluid flow through the complex skeletonized respiratory structures of a blastoid echinoderm
FIGURE 2. Schematic showing hypothesized flow patterns within the hydrospire folds. 2.1, In Hypothesis 1, the flow has an adoral component representing respiratory leakage. 2.2, In Hypothesis 2, the flow is entirely radial, without leakage. See text for further discussion.
Balancing selection at a wing pattern locus is associated with major shifts in genome-wide patterns of diversity and gene flow
<p>Selection shapes genetic diversity around target mutations, yet little is known about how selection on specific loci affects the genetic trajectories of populations, including their genome-wide patterns of diversity and demographic responses. Here we study the patterns of genetic variation and geographic structure in a neotropical butterfly, <em>Heliconius numata</em>, and its closely related allies in the so-called melpomene-silvaniform clade. <em>H. numata</em> is known to have evolved an inversion supergene which controls variation in wing patterns involved in mimicry associations with distinct groups of co-mimics. Butterflies show disassortative mate preferences and heterozygote advantage at this locus. We contrasted patterns of genetic diversity and structure 1) among extant polymorphic and monomorphic populations of <em>H. numata</em>, 2) between <em>H. numata</em> and its close relatives, and 3) between ancestral lineages. We show that <em>H. numata</em> populations which carry the inversions as a balanced polymorphism show markedly distinct patterns of diversity compared to all other taxa. They show the highest genetic diversity and effective population size estimates in the entire clade, as well as a low level of geographic structure and isolation by distance across the entire Amazon basin. By contrast, monomorphic populations of <em>H. numata</em> as well as its sister species and their ancestral lineages all show lower effective population sizes and genetic diversity, and higher levels of geographical structure across the continent. One hypothesis is that the large effective population size of polymorphic populations could be caused by the shift to a regime of balancing selection due to the genetic load and disassortative preferences associated with inversions. Testing this hypothesis with forward simulations supported the observation of increased diversity in populations with the supergene. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the formation of a supergene triggered a change in gene flow, causing a general increase in genetic diversity and the homogenisation of genomes at the continental scale.</p>
Data and supplementary files for: Directing Min protein patterns with advective bulk flow
<p>Simulation files as well as experiment data and analysis for the paper "Directing Min protein patterns with advective bulk flow".</p>
Data from: Fuzzy boundaries: Color and gene flow patterns among parapatric lineages of the Western shovel-nosed snake and taxonomic implication
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Divergence, gene flow and the origin of leapfrog geographic distributions: the history of color pattern variation in Phyllobates poison-dart frogs
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Bridging the flux gap: sap flow measurements reveal species-specific patterns of water-use in a tallgrass prairie
<p>Predicting the hydrological consequences following changes in grassland vegetation type (i.e., woody encroachment) requires an understanding of water flux dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolution for predominant species within grassland communities. However, grassland fluxes are typically measured at the leaf or landscape scale, which inhibits our ability to predict how individual species contribute to changing ecosystem fluxes. We used external heat balance sap flow sensors and a hierarchical Bayesian state-space modeling approach to bridge this "flux-gap" and estimate continuous species-level water flux in common tallgrass prairie species. Specifically, we asked: 1) How do diurnal and nocturnal water fluxes differ among woody and herbaceous plants? (2) How sensitive are woody and herbaceous species to environmental drivers of diurnal and nocturnal water flux? We highlight three results: (1) <i>Cornus drummondii</i>, the primary woody encroacher in this grassland, exhibited the greatest canopy-level water loss, (2) nocturnal transpiration was a large component of the water lost in this ecosystem and was driven primarily by C<sub>4</sub> grasses and <i>C. drummondii</i>, and (3) the sensitivity of canopy transpiration to environmental drivers varies among plant functional types and throughout a 24-hour period. Our data reveal important insights regarding the water-use strategies of woody versus herbaceous species in tallgrass prairies, and about the potential hydrological consequences of ongoing woody encroachment. We suggest that the high, static flux rates observed in woody species will likely deplete deep water stores over time, potentially creating hydrological deficits in grasslands experiencing woody encroachment and concomitantly increasing the vulnerability of these ecosystems to drought.</p>
Dataset from : Unsteady Analysis of a Pulsating Alternate Flow Pattern in a Radial Vaned Diffuser.
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Data from: Genetic analysis of red deer (Cervus elaphus) administrative management units in a human-dominated landscape - patterns of genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow
<p><span><span>Red deer (</span><span><em>Cervus elaphus</em></span><span>) throughout central Europe are</span> impacted by different anthropogenic activities including habitat fragmentation, selective hunting, and translocations<span>. This has substantial influences on genetic diversity and the long-term conservation of local populations of this species. Here we use genetic samples from 480 red deer individuals to assess the genetic diversity and differentiation of the 12 administrative management units located in Schleswig Holstein, the northernmost federal state in Germany. </span></span><span><span>We applied multiple analytical approaches and show that the history of local populations (i.e., translocations, culling of individuals outside of designated red deer zones, and anthropogenic infrastructures) has led to comparably low levels of genetic diversity. The mean expected heterozygosity was below 0.6 and we observed on average 4.2 alleles across 12 microsatellite loci. Effective population sizes below the recommended level of 50 were estimated for multiple local populations. </span></span><span><span>Our estimates of genetic structure and gene flow show that red deer in northern Germany are best described as a complex network of asymmetrically connected subpopulations, with high genetic exchange among some local populations and reduced connectivity of others. Genetic diversity was also correlated with population densities of neighboring management units. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>Based on these findings, we suggest that connectivity among existing management units needs to be considered in the practical management of the species, which means that some administrative management units should be managed together, while the effective isolation of other units needs to be mitigated.</span></span></p>
Additional data for: Directing Min protein patterns with advective bulk flow
<p>Data and analysis associated with 2024 addition to:<br>"Direction Min protein patterns with advective bulk flow" (NatComms, 2023)<br>Companion repository to <a href="../records/7339803">10.5281/zenodo.7339803</a></p> <p>Please consider the readme for more information.</p>
Going against the flow: barriers to gene flow impact patterns of connectivity in cryptic coral reef gobies throughout the western Atlantic
<p class="CxSpFirst"><b>Aim</b>: Complex oceanographic features have historically caused difficulty in understanding gene flow in marine taxa. Here, we evaluate the impact of potential phylogeographic barriers to gene flow and assess demography and evolutionary history of a coral reef goby species complex. Specifically, we test how the Amazon River outflow and ocean currents impact gene flow.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><b>Location</b>: Western Atlantic.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><b>Taxon</b>: The bridled goby (<i>Coryphopterus glaucofraenum</i>) and sand-canyon goby (<i>C. venezuelae</i>) species complex.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><b>Methods</b>: We used mitochondrial DNA and 2401 genomic SNPs to investigate evolutionary history and test hypotheses of how major barriers impact species-level differentiation. We used clustering algorithms and pairwise <i>F</i><sub>ST</sub> to assess population differentiation caused by minor barriers within and among regions. Finally, we tested alternate hypotheses of demographic history via coalescent simulations to determine the most plausible spread across the Western Atlantic.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><b>Results</b>: We found two unique clades of <i>C. glaucofraenum</i> along the Brazilian coast and Atol das Rocas (AR) that are more closely related to <i>C. venzuelae</i>. Further genetic structure within the Caribbean and separately along the Brazilian coast led to at least two distinct populations in each location. Coalescent simulations indicated that an ancestral population of <i>C. venezuelae</i> split from <i>C. glaucofraenum</i> in the Caribbean, dispersed to Brazil, then spread to AR.</p> <p class="CxSpMiddle"><b>Main Conclusions</b>: Species-level genetic differentiation has resulted from the Amazon River outflow and isolation of AR. Population differentiation within the Caribbean matched previous studies indicating an east-west pattern of divergence. Brazilian population differentiation was impacted by the cold-water upwelling at Cabo Frio. Overall, this research highlights how barriers to gene flow impact speciation and genetic structure within western Atlantic gobies and provides insight into the role oceanographic features have in the speciation process of fishes.</p>
Transcriptome data from silica-preserved leaf tissue reveals gene flow patterns in a Caribbean bromeliad
<p>Transcriptome sequencing is a cost-effective approach that allows researchers to study a broad range of questions. However, to preserve RNA for transcriptome sequencing, tissue is often kept under special conditions, such as immediate ultracold freezing. Here, we demonstrate that RNA can be obtained from six-month-old, field-collected samples stored in silica gel at room temperature. Using these transcriptomes, we explore the evolutionary relationships of the genus Pitcairnia (Bromeliaceae) in the Dominican Republic and infer barriers to gene flow.</p>
Fine-scale spatial genetic structure, mating and gene flow dispersal patterns in Parkia biglobosa populations under different levels of habitat fragmentation
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Data from: Fine‐scale geographic patterns of gene flow and reproductive character displacement in drosophila subquinaria and d. recens
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Data from: Genetic analysis of red deer (Cervus elaphus) administrative management units in a human-dominated landscape - patterns of genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow
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