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82 results for “flow regulation”
Simulated river flow and temperature in regulated river systems in the southeastern United States
<p>Streamflow and stream temperature are important water resources variables, and regional-scale simulations are essential for water resources management and multi-sector assessment for large regions, e.g., regional ecological assessment and power system planning. In large-scale stream temperature modeling practices, reservoir thermal stratification is mostly ignored. We have synthesized a process-based modeling approach, consisting of a series of established models, to simulate streamflow and stream temperature for a complicated river-reservoir system, which explicitly considers thermal stratification. This approach consists of a large-scale, spatially-distributed hydrological model (Variable Infiltration Capacity or VIC; Liang et al., 1994; Hamman et al., 2018), a river routing model (Model for Scale Adaptive River Transport or MOSART; Li et al., 2013), coupled to a spatially-distributed water management model (WM; Voisin et al., 2013, 2017), and a stream temperature model (River Basin Model or RBM; Yearsley, 2009; 2012) that includes a two-layer reservoir thermal stratification module (2L; Niemeyer et al., 2018). To generate this dataset, we applied this modeling approach at a temporal resolution of 1 day and a spatial resolution of 1/8º to river systems in the southeastern United States that include 271 major reservoirs. We used an ensemble of downscaled meteorological forcing data from 20 global climate models (GCM) based on RCP8.5 to simulate potential climate change impacts. This dataset includes simulated river flow and temperatures for both historical (1980-2009; 1980s) and future periods (2070-2099; 2080s). The simulations for the 1980s are based on the gridMet data set (Abatzolglou, 2013), which also forms the basis for the statistical downscaling that is applied to each of the climate models. All simulations for the 2080s are based on downscaled climate model outputs. This dataset includes streamflow and stream temperature using both unregulated and regulated model setups to quantify the impacts of reservoir regulations. The unregulated setup does not account for withdrawals and impoundments in the river system. The stream temperature in the unregulated model setups is constant in each river cross section. In the regulated setup, we explicitly considered reservoir regulation, thermal stratification, and water withdrawal. For a more detailed description of the model configuration, please see Cheng et al. (2020).</p> <p> </p> <p>File structure and filenames: The archive includes two directories, named “streamflow/” and “stream_temperature/”, which contain model output for streamflow and stream temperature, respectively. Within each directory, subdirectories named “regulated/” and “unregulated/” contain model output for the regulated and unregulated model setups, respectively. All data files are in netCDF format and provide model outputs at a temporal resolution of 1 day and a spatial resolution of 1/8º. The unit for streamflow is m<sup>3</sup>/s and the unit for stream temperature is °C.</p> <p> </p> <p>Files are constructed as follows:</p> <p>SERC.<climate simulation>.RCP85.<model setup>.<variable>.nc</p> <p>where</p> <ul> <li><climate simulation> is either ‘historical’ for the simulation that represents the 1980s or an abbreviation that indicates the climate model for the simulations that represent the 2080s. The abbreviations for the climate models are shown in column 1 in the Table below.</li> <li><model setup> is either ‘regulated’ or ‘unregulated’ for the regulated and unregulated model setups, respectively.</li> <li><variable> is either ‘streamflow’ or ‘stream_temperature’ for streamflow and stream temperature, respectively.</li> </ul> <p>More details please see README.pdf</p>
Global flows of insect transport and establishment: the role of biogeography, trade, and regulations
<p><strong><span>Aim</span></strong><span>:</span><span> Non-native species are part of almost every biological community worldwide, yet numbers of species establishments have an uneven global distribution. Asymmetrical exchanges of species between regions are likely influenced by a range of mechanisms, including propagule pressure, native species pools, environmental conditions, and biosecurity. While the importance of different mechanisms is likely to vary among invasion stages, </span><span>those occurring prior to establishment are difficult to account for. We used records of unintentional insect introductions </span><span>to test 1) whether insects from some biogeographic regions are more likely to be successful invaders, 2) whether the intensity of trade flows between regions determines how many species are intercepted and how many successfully establish, and 3) whether the variables driving invasion success differ pre- and post-introduction.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Location</span></strong><span>: </span><span>Canada, mainland USA, Hawaii, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Great Britain, South Korea, South Africa.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods</span></strong><span>:</span> <span>To </span><span>disentangle processes occurring during the transport and establishment stages</span><span>, we analysed border interceptions of 8,199 insect species as a proxy for transported species flows, and lists of 2,076 established non-native insect species in eight areas.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results</span></strong><span>: </span><span>During transport, the largest species flows generally originated from the Nearctic, Panamanian and Neotropical regions. Insects native to eight of twelve biogeographic regions were able to establish, with the largest flows of established species on average coming from the Western Palearctic, Neotropical, and Australasian/Oceanian regions.</span><span> Both the </span><span>biogeographic region of origin and trade intensity significantly influenced the size of species flows between regions during transport and establishment. The transported species richness increased with Gross National Income in the source country and decreased with geographic distance. More species were able to establish when introduced within their native biogeographic region.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Main conclusions</span></strong><span>: </span><span>Our results suggest that accounting for processes occurring prior to establishment is crucial for understanding invasion asymmetry in insects, and quantifying regional biosecurity risks.</span></p>
Data for: Mimicking functional elements of the natural flow regime promotes native fish recovery in a regulated river
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Data from: Broad-scale meta-analysis of drivers mediating adverse impacts of flow regulation on riparian vegetation
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Global flows of insect transport and establishment: the role of biogeography, trade, and regulations
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Exploration of Blood Flow Regulation to Bone in Humans
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04083794. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 12.
Multimodal profiling reveals distinct endothelial activation pathways regulated by flow and heparan sulfate
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Data from: Flow restoration and the impacts of multiple stressors on fish communities in regulated rivers
River regulation for hydropower is undertaken worldwide, causing profound alterations to hydrological regimes and running water habitats. Regulated catchments are often subjected to additional stressors, arising inter alia from agriculture, forestry and industry, which are likely to interact with impacts of river regulation on fish and other biota. Such interactions are poorly understood, hindering planning of effective mitigation and restoration. We investigated fish responses to increased discharge (as a restoration measure) in regulated rivers in Sweden. We compiled electrofishing data from river channels downstream of hydropower dams, each of which either has or lacks a mandated minimum discharge corresponding to c. 5% of pre‐regulation discharge. We further analysed interactions between flow restoration and co‐occurring local and regional stressors. River channels without a mandated minimum discharge were characterised by a low diversity of fish species with traits favouring persistence under unpredictable environmental conditions, including omnivory, short life cycles and small size. Additional stressors further reduced diversity, and increased dominance by broad niched, opportunistic species. Both the presence and magnitude of a mandated minimum discharge were positively related to fish diversity and density, and the relative density of three economically and recreationally valuable species. However, the size of these relationships frequently varied with the presence of additional stressors. Increasing levels of hydrological degradation and reduced connectivity at the catchment scale reduced positive flow‐ecology relationships and hindered restoration of fish communities towards reference conditions. However, application of a mandated minimum discharge also assisted in mitigating impacts of some co‐occurring stressors, especially reduced riparian integrity. Synthesis and applications. Additional stressors can strongly influence the outcomes of flow restoration for fish community diversity and composition. Our approach combining fish species and trait data from multiple flow restoration projects with information on additional stressors yielded valuable insights into factors affecting flow restoration success, useful for (i) identifying the systems most likely to benefit from mandated minimum flows, (ii) modelling influences of multiple stressors on flow‐ecology relationships, (iii) prioritising additional measures to manage co‐occurring stressors and enhance outcomes from flow restoration.
Data from: The abundance and distribution of guilds of riparian woody plants change in response to land use and flow regulation
1. Many riparian ecosystems in Mediterranean Europe are affected by land use and flow alteration by dams. We focused on understanding how these stressors and their components affect riparian forests in the region. We asked: (i) are there well-defined, responsive riparian guilds?; (ii) do dam-induced stream flows determine abundance and distribution of riparian guilds? and (iii) what are the main drivers governing composition and cover of riparian guilds in regulated rivers? 2. We inventoried the cover of riparian woody species in free-flowing rivers and downstream of dams. We performed a cluster analysis and ordination to derive riparian guilds, using abundance data from 66 riparian woody species and 26 functional plant traits. We used a reduced set of principal components for the environment, land use and hydrology, and general linear modelling to explore the effect of these factors (separately and combined) on riparian guilds. 3. We found that: (i) four dominant guilds are responsive to disturbance in Southwestern European streams, namely the obligate riparian, water-stress tolerant, deciduous competitive, and Mediterranean evergreen guilds ; (ii) a set of land use and hydrological variables differentially affect the diverse co-occurring riparian guilds; (iii) frequency and duration of high flow pulses and the low-flow conditions were major drivers of change in landscapes dominated by intensive agriculture and forestry; (iv) storage reservoirs reduced the cover of obligate riparian and Mediterranean evergreen guilds, and increased the abundance of water-stress tolerant and deciduous competitive guilds, while run-of-river dams, having limited water storage, reduced both obligate and deciduous competitive guilds. 4. Synthesis and applications. Future research, especially in Southwestern Europe, should address the resilience of riparian guilds and the effects of interacting landscape factors and stressors on guild distribution. Stream flow regulations downstream of reservoirs should focus on specific flow components, namely the magnitude of flows, and frequency and duration of extreme flow events. For successful mitigation of the dam-induced effects on riparian vegetation, river management plans must incorporate the environmental and land use site-specific contexts.
Data from: The role of flow velocity combined with habitat complexity as a top–down regulator in seagrass meadows
Large‐scale losses of seagrass areas have been associated with eutrophication events, which have led to an overproduction of photosynthetic organisms including epiphytes. Grazers that feed on epiphytes can exert a significant top–down control in the system, but the effects of physical factors on grazing activity and feeding behaviour have been rarely examined. We addressed the combination of hydrodynamic regime and seagrass shoot density can alter the feeding and foraging behaviours of mesograzers. A full factorial experiment, with flow velocity (high, medium and low) and shoot density (high versus low) as main factors, was conducted in a racetrack flume using artificial seagrass plots. The results showed that when high flow velocity conditions were combined with low shoot density, consumption of epiphytes by mesograzers was strongly reduced. In contrast, when flow velocity was low or shoot density was high, mesograzers exhibited high feeding rates and vigorous swimming behaviour. These results clearly indicate that hydrodynamic stress reduces the time that mesograzers can spend feeding, since it inhibits their swimming behaviour, and thus indirectly affecting to the density of epiphytes. Therefore, the triggering of trophic cascade effects in seagrass communities under these experimental conditions depended on the interrelationship and feedbacks among shoot density, abiotic (flow velocity) and biotic (epiphytes and mesograzers) compartments, with flow velocity exerting a top–down control on seagrass ecosystems.
Data from: Riparian plant guilds become simpler and most likely fewer following flow regulation
1. River regulation affects riparian systems worldwide and conservation and restoration efforts are essential to retain biodiversity, and the functioning and services of riverine ecosystems. Effects of regulation on plant species richness have been widely addressed, but the filtering effect of regulation on guilds has received less attention. 2. We used a functional trait approach to identify adaptive plant strategies through regulation-tolerant traits and predict shifts of riparian vegetation communities in response to regulation. We analysed variation in functional diversity across gradients of hydrological alteration in northern Sweden in relation to modified timing and infrequent major floods, along with frequent short-term inundation. 3. Functional richness was similar in all study sites, but species richness declined with increasing intensity of regulation, and the species lost were largely functionally redundant (i.e. co-existing species that have similar contribution to an ecosystem function). Guilds of species intolerant to waterlogging were particularly unsuccessful in most regulated sites as they were affected by hydropower dams which replace major fluvial disturbances with frequent short inundation events. We predict that this guild will disappear, with likely consequences for the entire riverine ecosystem. 4. Synthesis and applications. We conclude that functional traits tolerant to waterlogging or submergence, and lack of major fluvial disturbances, were key to understanding our results. We suggest that the functional-trait approach can be integrated with knowledge of other ecosystem components to provide an understanding of ecosystem function that can be used to guide fluvial ecosystem management.03-May-2017
Data from: The ORFIUS complex regulates ORC2 localization at replication origins (Flow cytometry)
<p>In this work, we use bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/propidium iodide cell cycle flow cytometry profiling to demonstrate that treatment of ovarian cancer cell lines with gene specific siRNAs, shRNAs, or drugs leads to minimal or no cell cycle arrest which might otherwise influence observed phenotypes. All raw FCS files for flow cytometry data presented in Figures 4E, 6G, S3A, S4C, S5B, S5F, S8C, S8D, S8E, S9C, S10C, and S12B are available here.</p>
Exploring functional flow heterogeneity in regulated flow regime: fish species turnover along hydraulic gradients in an artificial waterway network
<p><span>Humans have altered river flows and lateral aquatic habitats. The expansion of agriculture in floodplains has resulted in landscapes dominated by irrigated farmland. A key challenge in water management is to conserve existing ecological communities and habitat heterogeneity, while simultaneously maintaining engineered infrastructure for agriculture. In this study, we focused on an artificial channel network for irrigation with a regulated flow regime and its function as habitat for various fish species. Differences of hydraulic conditions among channels and compositional changes in fish species were examined to clarify functional flow heterogeneity. Species turnover was analyzed using pairwise Simpson dissimilarity among sampling reaches. Species turnover was positively associated with Froude number (flow intensity) differences at intermediate discharges, and with differences in cross-sectional areas (flow magnitude) at low discharges. Drastic changes in inflows should be considered for the effective conservation of flow heterogeneity, even under a regulated flow regime. Improved engineering design to manage the hydraulic environment is one option for maintaining the ecological value of lateral waterbodies in human-dominated landscapes. Our findings provide insights into the importance of functional flow heterogeneity to conserve fish species diversity.</span></p>
Clinical Comparison of Flow Regulated Nasal Oxygen Delivery System (FRNDS) Cannula and Plethysmography Belts
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06713213. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Role of Nitric Oxide in Optic Nerve Head Blood Flow Regulation During Isometric Exercise in Healthy Humans
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00806741. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Role of Estrogen and Testosterone in Determining Brain Blood Flow and Metabolic Regulation in Humans
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07212712. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Effect of Rosiglitazone on Myocardial Blood Flow Regulation in Type 2 Diabetes
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00549874. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Flow Regulation in Medical Serious Games
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05637749. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Cerebral Blood Flow Regulation and Concussions
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02754206. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Prelieve Trial - Pilot Study to Assess Safety and Efficacy of a Novel Atrial Flow Regulator (AFR) in Heart Failure Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03030274. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 3. Publications: 1.
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