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38 results for “flower strips”
Flower strip data Germany 2021
<p>The data concerns 23 flower strips, sampled in 2019 in Germany. In all files, "Location" is the ID of the flower strips. </p> <p>The file "FlowerStripInformation" contains data regarding the sampled flower strips, including soil properties (sand, silt, clay weight%), pH, age of the flower strip (age; years since establishment), aboveground C input (AGC; estimated from measured aboveground biomass, Mg C/ha) belowround C input (BGC; estimated from measured belowground biomass, Mg C/ha), calculated root exudates (Exudates; 0.33*BGC, Mg C/ha), and the total belowground C input (BGC_tot, Mg C/ha), and the total C input from the flower strips (TotC, Mg C/ha). Coordinates for each flower strip is also available in UTM32 and lat/lon degrees. </p> <p>The file "FlowerStripClimate" contains monthly information about the mean temperature (temp, deg. C), total precipitation (precip, mm) and sunshine duration from the climate station closest to each of the sampled flower strips. </p> <p>The file "FlowerStripSOCstock" contains the calculated SOC stock of each flower strip and adjacent cropland for 0-10 cm, 10-30 cm and 0-30 cm. The equal soil mass-corrected mass of each layer (Mass; Mg/ha), SOC stock (SOC; Mg C/ha), total N (TN; Mg N/ha) and corresponding C:N ratio (CN, unitless) is available. </p> <p>The file "FlowerStripSpeciesCount" contains the count and ground cover of the observed species in the 23 flower strips. Five plots of 0.5 x 0.5 m (0.25 m2 area) were sampled at each flower strip location. The species name is given in German (Species_DE). The mean count of each species across the five plots in given in Count_mean, and the ground cover (5) is given in Cover_percent. The a sum of Cover_percent can be greater than 100 due to rounding. If the sum is less than 100, the remaining area was bare soil. </p>
Flower strips and remnant semi-natural vegetation have different impacts on pollination and productivity of sunflower crops
<p>Intensification of agricultural landscapes to fulfil increased global food demands has dramatically impacted biodiversity and ecosystem services. Several pollinator groups, which are vital for the maintenance of pollinator-dependent crops, have been severely affected by this intensification process. Management tools, such as the implementation of agri-environmental schemes, have been widely proposed to improve pollinator's communities and pollination services, although the effectiveness of wildflower strips in comparison to existing natural or semi-natural habitats and the impact on yield has not been fully demonstrated.</p> <p><span>Here, we aimed to assess the effect of flower strips implementation near sunflower fields in two intensive agricultural regions and to quantify their impact on visitation rates and sunflower productivity. Data were obtained in two regions in Spain (Burgos and Cuenca) in sunflower fields with associated semi-natural vegetation (SNVs), with implemented wildflower strips (WFSs) and without vegetation structures (NonVs). Visitation rates were monitored over two years by direct observations, and both sunflower seed production and weight were assessed in 52 fields per year.</span></p> <p><span>Our results revealed regional and inter-annual variation in visitation rates, likely driven by structural differences in the landscapes studied. In Cuenca, characterized by more heterogeneous and floral resources-richer landscapes, the effects of WFSs were significant in the second year of implementation, with higher visitation rates and higher productivity values in fields with implemented wildflower strips compared to those without. In contrast, in Burgos, no consistent effects among field treatments across years were observed.</span></p> <p><span>Synthesis and applications. T</span><span>he implementation of flower strips or maintenance of remnant semi-natural habitats adjacent to sunflower fields, showed context-dependent effects on visitation rates and crop yield. In highly simplified agroecosystems, these interventions may be insufficient or may need longer times to produce significant effects. Yet, in regions where natural and semi-natural patches were already present, the implementation of flower strips was a successful strategy to promote pollinators and sunflower <a>productivity.</a></span></p>
Data for: Wild bee communities benefit from temporal complementarity of hedges and flower strips in apple orchards
<p><span>1. </span>Wild bees importantly pollinate both crop and wild plants. Yet, in <span>intensive agricultural landscapes, wild bees are rare due to resource limitations of nectar and pollen. Flower strips and hedges are often used as resource enhancements for wild bees to overcome this shortage, but provide floral resources only during specific time periods. To sustain diverse and stable bee communities, bee-attractive flowers need to be available during the entire growing season. This may be achieved by combining flower strips and hedges to complement each other and provide continuous floral resources. </span></p> <p><span>2. </span><span>Over three subsequent years, we compared the phenology of flower and wild bee communities in perennial flower strips, hedges and improved hedges (complemented with a sown herb layer) in conventional apple orchards in Southern Germany, a pollination-dependent crop-system. </span></p> <p><span>3. </span><span>Hedges provided floral resources in the early season while the flower strips took over later in the season. </span></p> <p><span>4. </span><span>Bees visited the hedges mostly from March to June, whereas they visited the flower strips from June to August (first year), and in the second year already from April onwards. Flower strips were visited with an overall higher abundance and species richness than the improved and not modified hedges. </span></p> <p><span>5. </span><span>Synthesis and application</span><span>: For enhancing wild bees in intensive apple orchards, hedges and perennial flower strips are complementary in providing flower resources. Yet, flower strips bloom more constantly and during periods of flower scarcity, and thus attract more bees than hedges. Perennial flower strips of different age classes should be preferred over annual strips, at best in a network with some well-maintained hedges, as perennial flower strips of different age attract different bee communities and thus potentially a higher bee diversity on the landscape level. </span></p>
Unlike woodland edges, flower strips do not act as a refuge for cabbage stem flea beetle aestivation
<p>Data corresponding to the article "Unlike woodland edges, flower strips do not act as a refuge for cabbage stem flea beetle aestivation"</p>
Raw data for: Evaluating the impact of alyssum flower strips on biological control of key pests in flue-cured tobacco agroecosystems
<p>Flue-cured tobacco, <em>Nicotiana tabacum</em> (L.) is often attacked by various pests such as aphids, whiteflies, and tobacco budworms. Insecticide application has been the primary method in managing these pests in Yunnan province. However, it is necessary to look for more sustainable strategies that can help control pests. In this context, conservation biological control is a highly promising alternative, involving the cultivation or conservation of flowering plants within the agricultural ecosystem to attract and support natural enemies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of alyssum, <em>Lobularia maritima</em> (L.) Desv. in attracting natural enemies and managing pests in flue-cures tobacco cultivation. The study conducted two field experiments over successive years, each with two treatments and three replicates, arranged in a completely randomized design. The treatments were (1) tobacco monoculture, and (2) tobacco intercropped with alyssum flower strips. The population density of natural enemies and pests was monitored weekly throughout the study period. The results showed that the presence of alyssum flowers in the tobacco + alyssum treatment significantly increased the abundance of generalist predators such as syrphids, rove beetles, carabids, <em>Orius</em> sp., and spiders during both experiments. This increase in predator population led to a substantial reduction in tobacco pests, particularly aphids. Intercropping alyssum with tobacco can serve as an effective strategy for managing pests specific to the Nicotiana plant, as well as addressing the limited availability of approved insecticides for this crop. This approach may help to mitigate pest-related issues and reduce the reliance on insecticides in tobacco cultivation, contributing to more sustainable pest management practices.</p>
Flower strip effectiveness for pollinating insects in agricultural landscapes depends on established contrast in habitat quality: A meta-analysis
<p>Flower strips have become a prevalent measure in agricultural landscapes to counteract biodiversity loss and especially promote pollinators. Although their benefits for pollinating insects have been frequently evaluated and reported, generalized conclusions about optimal settings for effective flower strips are still difficult. From the perspective of pollinators, flower strips vary distinctly in habitat quality, and the same applies for the control sites selected for scientific studies.</p> <p>In this study, we used a meta-analytic approach based on a systematic review of recent studies (2009-2020) to analyze the relationship between flower strip effectiveness for pollinators and the contrast in habitat quality between flower strips and control sites. We extracted 350 data entries from 29 out of 172 studies based on available data for richness or abundance of the pollinator taxa groups Apiformes, Lepidoptera and Syrphidae as response variables, for both flower strips and control treatments. All flower strips and control treatments were assigned a habitat quality score including information on spatial dimension, floral resources and management. Moreover, we included information on landscape complexity as measured by percent cover of semi-natural habitats in the studied landscape.</p> <p>In general, our results of meta-analytical models showed an increasing effect size of flower strips on pollinators for higher contrasts in habitat quality between flower strips and control treatments. This relationship was consistent across pollinator taxa and different levels of landscape complexity. Altogether, in terms of pollinator habitat quality, high-quality flower strips were more attractive than low-quality flower strips, and the reported effectiveness of flower strips decreased from low-quality to high-quality control treatments.</p> <p>We recommend that results of future studies evaluating flower strips for pollinators are always linked with the contrast in habitat quality between selected flower strips and control treatments.</p>
Data from: The contributions of flower strips to wild bee conservation in agricultural landscapes can be predicted using pollinator habitat suitability models
<p>Sowing flower strips along field edges is a widely adopted method for conserving pollinating insects in agricultural landscapes. To maximize the effect of flower strips given limited resources, we need spatially explicit tools that can prioritize their placement, and for identifying plant species to include in seed mixtures.</p> <p>We sampled bees and plant species as well as their interactions in a semi-controlled field experiment with roadside/field edge pairs with/without a sown flower strip at 31 sites in Norway and used a regional spatial model of solitary bee species richness to test if the effect of flower strips on bee species richness was predictable from the modelled solitary bee species richness.</p> <p>We found that sites with flower strips were more bee species rich compared to sites without flower strips and that this effect was greatest in areas that the regional solitary bee species richness model had identified to be particularly important for bees. Spatial models revealed that even within small landscapes there were pronounced differences between field edges in the predicted effect of sowing flower strips.</p> <p>Of the plant species that attracted the most bee species, the majority mainly attracted bumblebees and only few species also attracted solitary bees. Considering both the taxonomic diversity of bees and the species richness of bees attracted by plants we suggest that seed mixes containing <em>Hieracium </em>spp. such as <em>Hieracium umbellatum </em>and <em>Pilosella officinarum</em>; <em>Taraxacum</em> spp; <em>Trifolium repens</em>;<em> Lotus corniculatus</em>; S<em>tellaria graminea</em>; and <em>Achillea millefolium</em> would provide resources for diverse bee communities in our region.</p> <p>Spatial prediction models of bee diversity can be used to identify locations where flower strips are likely to have the largest effect and can thereby provide managers with an important tool for prioritizing how funding for agri-environmental schemes such as flower strips should be allocated. Such flower strips should contain plant species that are attractive to both solitary and bumblebees, and do not need to be particularly plant species rich as long as the selected plants complement each other.</p>
Flower strip effectiveness for pollinating insects in agricultural landscapes depends on established contrast in habitat quality: A meta-analysis
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Data from: The contributions of flower strips to wild bee conservation in agricultural landscapes can be predicted using pollinator habitat suitability models
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Taxon-specific response of natural enemies to different flower strip mixtures
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Flower strips and remnant semi-natural vegetation have different impacts on pollination and productivity of sunflower crops
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Raw data for: Evaluating the impact of alyssum flower strips on biological control of key pests in flue-cured tobacco agroecosystems
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Data for: Wild bee communities benefit from temporal complementarity of hedges and flower strips in apple orchards
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Data supporting the manuscript "Initial assemblage characteristics determine the functional dynamics of flower-strip plant communities"
<p>Original data recorded by the authors.</p>
Data from: Tailored flower strips promote natural enemy biodiversity and pest control in potato crops
1. Sown flower strips are increasingly implemented within agri-environment schemes (AES) to increase functional biodiversity and ecosystem services such as pollination or natural pest control, but their effectiveness in achieving these goals remains poorly studied. 2. We tested the performance of experimentally sown annual flower strips specifically designed to promote natural enemies of aphids and their pest control services (tailored flower strips) in adjacent potato crops (n=8) compared to control fields (n=10). Flower strips consisted of 11 plant species providing abundant floral and extra-floral resources. 3. The abundance of key natural enemies of aphids (hoverflies, lacewings and ladybirds) and hoverfly species richness was greatly enhanced in tailored flower strips compared to potato control strips. This resulted in an average increase in the number of eggs deposited by hoverflies and lacewings by 127 % and 48 %, respectively, and a reduction in the number of aphids by 75 % in adjacent potato crops. 4. Synthesis and applications. We conclude that tailored flower strips can be an effective agri-environmental measure to enhance natural enemies and aphid control in nearby crops. Indeed, tailored flower strips may help to reduce insecticide input in potato production as they significantly decrease the probability that action thresholds are reached. Promoting natural enemy abundance and diversity, as observed for hoverflies, may increase the stability of pest control and provide additional benefits to agro-ecosystems in terms of natural enemy conservation. We thus recommend establishing tailored flower strips as a promising management option to reconcile the objectives of ecological intensification and biodiversity conservation.
Data from: High effectiveness of tailored flower strips in reducing pests and crop plant damage
Providing key resources to animals may enhance both their biodiversity and the ecosystem services they provide. We examined the performance of annual flower strips targeted at the promotion of natural pest control in winter wheat. Flower strips were experimentally sown along 10 winter wheat fields across a gradient of landscape complexity (i.e. proportion non-crop area within 750 m around focal fields) and compared with 15 fields with wheat control strips. We found strong reductions in cereal leaf beetle (CLB) density (larvae: 40%; adults of the second generation: 53%) and plant damage caused by CLB (61%) in fields with flower strips compared with control fields. Natural enemies of CLB were strongly increased in flower strips and in part also in adjacent wheat fields. Flower strip effects on natural enemies, pests and crop damage were largely independent of landscape complexity (8–75% non-crop area). Our study demonstrates a high effectiveness of annual flower strips in promoting pest control, reducing CLB pest levels below the economic threshold. Hence, the studied flower strip offers a viable alternative to insecticides. This highlights the high potential of tailored agri-environment schemes to contribute to ecological intensification and may encourage more farmers to adopt such schemes.
Aphid conservation biological control in arable crops via flower strips: the predominant role of plant resources over diversity effects
<p>Dataset and R code</p>
Attractiveness of sown wildflower strips to flower-visiting insects depends on seed mixture and establishment success
<p>Establishing wildflower strips has been suggested as an effective measure to promote pollination services, pest control or general insect biodiversity, but little is known about the integration of these different objectives when selecting flower seed mixtures. In ten agricultural landscapes in the Netherlands, we established a wildflower strip (0.4 – 4.9 ha) with half of each strip sown with a mixture targeting longer-tongued pollinators and the other half sown with a mixture targeting shorter-tongued pollinators and natural enemies. We determined establishment success of sown wildflowers and evaluated the attractiveness of the established flower communities to multiple functional groups of flower visitors: bumblebees (long-tongued pollinators), hoverflies (short-tongued pollinators and natural enemies), and butterflies and total flower-visitor richness (indicators of wider biodiversity values). Bumblebees clearly preferred the pollinatortargeted seed mixture and were positively associated with cover of Fabaceae and negatively with Apiaceae. Hoverflies consistently preferred the natural enemy mixture and were positively associated with Apiaceae. The other target groups displayed no clear responses to seed mixture type but instead were associated with local flower richness within strips. Across sites, responses of flower-visitors to sown mixture types did not depend on wildflower strip size, proportion of surrounding semi-natural habitat, or flower variables. However, all flower-visitors except butterflies increased with increasing cover or richness of (sown) flower species across sites. Our results suggest that, although species-rich wildflower strips may benefit several species groups, maximising different objectives involves trade-offs between functional groups that prefer short- or long-corolla flowers. Furthermore, our study suggests that sowing a wildflower mixture does not necessarily result in a vegetation with the same composition as the seed mixture as species may establish poorly or not at all. Selection of flower species for seed mixtures should therefore, in addition to insect target group, take the establishment characteristics of plant species into account.</p>
Data from: Annual flower strips support pollinators and potentially enhance red clover seed yield
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Data from: Key pollen host plants provide balanced diets for wild bee larvae: a lesson for planting flower strips and hedgerows
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