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1,836 results for “flux”
Monthly Vegetation and Invertebrate Population Monitoring near the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Flux Tower
Permanent study plots were established in a Spartina alterniflora-dominated marsh in the vicinity of the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER Flux Tower to provide measurements of plant biomass and invertebrate population density over time for comparison with marsh-atmospheric CO2 exchange. Six replicate plots were randomly placed within each of three height zones of Spartina alterniflora (i.e. short, medium and tall Spartina). Beginning in June 2013, surveys were conducted approximately monthly to determine abundance of Littoraria irrorata, Prokelisia marginata, and grasshoppers in each plot. Plant species, stem density, height, and flowering status were also measured in each of the plots, and biomass was calculated using allometric relationships between plant height, flowering status and mass from plant clipping studies. During these surveys, destructive core sampling was also performed in the proximity of the plots (n = 2 per zone - additional cores collected some months in 2014 and 2016) to measure above and below ground biomass for each Spartina zone. Beginning in February 2016, chlorophyll measurements were taken in the proximity of the plots in each Spartina zone (n = 15 per zone).
Above- and below-ground non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in Spartina alterniflora from 6 permanant plots near the Georgia Coastal Ecosysterms LTER flux tower, on Sapelo Island in Georgia, USA
We studied the dynamics of four non-structural carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, sucrose, and starch) and biomass in 8 different above- and below-ground tissues in Spartina alterniflora over the course of a year in a salt marsh on Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA. Tissue parts sampled included green leaves, green stems, yellow leaves, yellow stems, brown leaves and stem, flowers, belowground biomass from 0-10cm depth and belowground biomass from 10-30cm depth. Samples were collected from tall form S. alterniflora plots near the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER flux tower site monthly between September 2013 and August 2014. This study was conducted to support the development of predictive, mechanistic models of Spartina by providing information on below-ground biomass and its dynamics, and in particular the storage of resources that can be used for spring re-growth.
Eddy covariance 30-minute CO2 fluxes with accompanying biophysical variables from the GCE-LTER flux tower site from January 2014 to December 2017 for sensor Flux1
Eddy covariance (EC) CO2 fluxes from flux sensor set "Flux1" from January 2014 to December 2017 collected over a Spartina alterniflora marsh located on the western side of Sapelo Island bounded by the Duplin River and Barn Creek. EC fluxes were processed in EddyPro 7. Additional biophysical variables included are air temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, and water table height from a nearby tidal creek and the marsh platform.
Eddy covariance 30-minute CO2 fluxes with accompanying biophysical variables from the GCE-LTER flux tower site from January 2014 to December 2022 for sensor Flux2
Eddy covariance (EC) CO2 fluxes from sensor set "Flux2" from January 2014 to December 2022 collected over a Spartina alterniflora marsh located on the western side of Sapelo Island bounded by the Duplin River and Barn Creek. EC fluxes were processed in EddyPro 7. Additional biophysical variables included are air temperature, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit, and water table height from a nearby tidal creek and the marsh platform.
Eddy covariance (EC) vertical carbon fluxes from a Georgia tidal salt marsh from 2014 to 2024
We present our methodology and data for science ready vertical carbon fluxes from a Spartina alterniflora tidal salt marsh as part of the Georgia Coastal Ecosystems Long Term Ecological Research (GCE-LTER) site on Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA. Vertical carbon fluxes were measured through the eddy covariance (EC) method from 2014 to 2024. The EC flux tower was located on the western side of Sapelo Island bounded by the Duplin River and Barn Creek. The proportional influence of marsh habitats on the flux measurements were 4% tall, 38% short, and 58% medium height form Spartina alterniflora. We present the net ecosystem exchange (NEE), ecosystem respiration (ER), and gross primary production (GPP) at 30-minute fluxes (μmol CO2 m-2 s-1), daily averages (μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) and totals (g C m-2 day-1), and annual (g C m-2 year-1) quantities. We provide estimated uncertainty for each flux at each integrated timescale as 95% confidence intervals. Providing open access to 10-year carbon flux datasets can facilitate collaboration for advancing regional and global blue carbon synthesis and scale-up studies.
Fluxes of Molecular Hydrogen (H2) at Harvard Forest EMS Tower 2010-2012
Molecular hydrogen (H2) is an atmospheric trace gas with a large microbe-mediated soil sink, yet cycling of this compound throughout ecosystems is poorly understood. Measurements of the sources and sinks of H2 in various ecosystems are sparse, resulting in large uncertainties in the global H2 budget. Constraining the H2 cycle is critical to understanding its role in atmospheric chemistry and climate. We measured H2 fluxes at high frequency in a temperate mixed deciduous forest for 15 months using a tower-based flux-gradient approach to determine both the soil-atmosphere and the net ecosystem flux of H2. The data presented here along with other data available at Harvard Forest can be used for efforts to model the H2 soil sink.
Trace Gas Fluxes and Soil N Dynamics in Simulated Hurricane Experiment at Harvard Forest 1989-1991
This study examined the fluxes of greenhouse gases between soils and the atmosphere in the Simulated Hurricane Experiment. The abstract from the published paper (see Methods) is reproduced below. "Fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) between soils and the atmosphere were measured monthly for one year in a 77-year-old temperate hardwood forest following a simulated hurricane blowdown. Emissions of CO2 and uptake of CH4 for the control plot were 4.92 MT C ha-1 y-1 and 3.87 kg C ha-1 y-1, respectively, and were not significantly different from the blowdown plot. Annual N2O emissions in the control plot (0.23 kg N ha-1 y-1) were low and were reduced 78% by the blowdown. Net N mineralization was not affected by the blowdown. Net nitrification was greater in the blowdown than in the control, however, the absolute rate of net nitrification, as well as the proportion of mineralized N that was nitrified, remained low. Fluxes of CO2 and CH4 were correlated positively to soil temperature, and CH4 uptake showed a negative relationship to soil moisture. Substantial resprouting and leafing out of downed or damaged trees, and increased growth of understory vegetation following the blowdown, were probably responsible for the relatively small differences in soil temperature, moisture, N availability, and net N mineralization and net nitrification between the control and blowdown plots, thus resulting in no change in CO2 or CH4 fluxes, and no increase in N2O emission."
Fluxes project at North Temperate Lakes LTER: Predicting Peat Depth in a North Temperate Lake District 2008
Peat deposits contain on the order of 1/6 of the Earth's terrestrial fixed carbon (C), but uncertainty in peat depth precludes precise estimates of peat C storage. To assess peat C in the Northern Highlands Lake District (NHLD), a approximately 7000 square km region in northern Wisconsin, United States, with 20 percent peatland by area, we sampled 21 peatlands. In each peatland, peat depth (including basal organic lake sediment, where present) was measured on a grid and interpolated to calculate mean depth. Our study addressed three questions: (1) How spatially variable is peat depth? (2) To what degree can mean peat depth be predicted from other field measurements (water chemistry, water table depth, vegetation cover, slope) and/or remotely sensed spatial data? (3) How much C is stored in NHLD peatlands? Site mean peat depth ranged from 0.1 to 5.1 m. Most of the peatlands had been formed by the in-filling of small lake basins (terrestrialization), and depths up to 15 m were observed. Mean peat depth for small peat basins could be best predicted from basin edge slope at the peatland/upland interface, either measured in the field or calculated from digital elevation (DEM) data (Adj. R2 = 0.70). Upscaling using the DEM-based regression gave a regional mean peat depth of 2.1 plus or minus 0.2 m (including approximately 0.1 to 0.4 m of organic lake sediment) and 144 plus or minus 21 Tg-C in total. As DEM data are widely available, this technique has the potential to improve C storage estimates in regions with peatlands formed primarily by terrestrialization. Number of sites: 21 Sampling Frequency: once for each site
North Temperate Lakes LTER Processed eddy covariance time series fluxes from tower located on roof of the CFL building oriented toward Lake Mendota 2012 - current
We calculated eddy covariance based fluxes of CO2, H2O, heat, and momentum to study lake-atmosphere exchanges since 2012. These data were collected by Ankur Desai from 2012 to present using a CSAT-3 sonic anemometer and LI-7500 gas analyzer located on the roof of the CFL building. A footprint model (Kljun) was used to screen for lake only data.
GRiMeDB: a comprehensive global database of methane concentrations and fluxes in fluvial ecosystems with supporting physical and chemical information
The Global River Methane Database (GriMeDB) is a compilation of measurements of CH4 concentrations and fluxes for flowing water environments derived from publications, reports, data repositories, and other outlets between 1973 and 2021. Assembly of GRiMeDB was motivated by the goal of having a centralized, standardized resource to facilitate further studies of CH4 pattern and process in flowing water systems, upscaling efforts, and identification of tendencies in when, where, and how CH4 has been sampled in streams and rivers across the world. Thus, CH4 data are supported by concurrent observations (as available) of aquatic CO2, N2O, temperature, conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, organic carbon, and discharge, along with site data (latitude, longitude, elevation, and [as available]: stream order, elevation, channel slope, catchment size, and codes for distinct or disturbed channel types). GRiMeDB includes over 24,000 records of CH4 concentration and greater than 8,000 flux measurements from over 5,000 unique sites, most of which are resolved to the daily time scale.
Time series of carbon dioxide and methane fluxes measured with eddy covariance for Falling Creek Reservoir in southwestern Virginia, USA during 2020-2025
We measured carbon dioxide and methane flux exchange with the atmosphere at the deepest site of Falling Creek Reservoir (Vinton, Virginia, USA) every 30 minutes from 04 April 2020 to 31 December 2025. Falling Creek Reservoir is a drinking water supply reservoir owned and managed by the Western Virginia Water Authority (WVWA) as a primary drinking water source. The dataset consists of micrometeorological and flux data collected using an eddy covariance system (LiCor Biosciences, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA) and analyzed with associated Eddy Pro software (Eddy Pro Version 7.0.6), including carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor. All analysis scripts are included for data processing and quality assurance/quality control following best practices.
Time series of methane and carbon dioxide diffusive fluxes using an Ultraportable Greenhouse Gas Analyzer (UGGA) for Falling Creek Reservoir and Beaverdam Reservoir in southwestern Virginia, USA during 2018-2025
Diffusive fluxes of methane and carbon dioxide were measured using an Ultraportable Greenhouse Gas Analyzer (UGGA) at the surface of Falling Creek Reservoir (FCR) and Beaverdam Reservoir (BVR; Vinton, Virginia, USA). FCR and BVR are owned and operated by the Western Virginia Water Authority as drinking water sources for Roanoke, Virginia. The dataset consists of calculated diffusive fluxes of methane and carbon dioxide measured at the deepest site of the reservoir adjacent to the dam (2018–2025) and additional reservoir upstream sites in FCR (2018, 2023) and BVR (2022). In 2025, two littoral sites were measured at the northernmost wetland inflow to FCR. Measurements were collected approximately fortnightly in FCR throughout the summer stratified periods of 2018–2021 and 2023-2025, while measurements from BVR were only taken in 2018 and 2022-2024.
Summer water chemistry; sediment phosphorus fluxes and sorption capacity; sedimentation and sediment resuspension dynamics; water column thermal structure; and zooplankton, macroinvertebrate, and macrophyte communities in eight shallow lakes in northwest Iowa, USA (2018-2020)
The primary aim of this data product is to characterize change in water chemistry, sediment-water interactions, and biological communities in shallow, eutrophic lakes undergoing a fishery biomanipulation. We studied eight glacial lakes located in northwest Iowa, USA, from 2018 to 2020 during the summer season (May to September). A subset of these lakes (n = 4; Center, Five Island, North Twin, and Silver Lakes) were part of a fishery biomanipulation in which the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) incentivized commercial harvest of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and bigmouth buffalo (Ictiobus cyprinellus). Harvests occurred in Center and Five Island Lakes during 2018-2019 and in North Twin and Silver Lakes during 2019-2020. Between 73 and 373 kg fish biomass per ha were removed each year. The other study lakes (n = 4; Blue, South Twin, Storm, and Swan Lakes) remained unmanipulated during the study period. Over the course of the biomanipulation, we quantified a suite of physical, chemical, and biological parameters across the study lakes. High frequency aquatic sensors were used to measure water column thermal structure, dissolved oxygen concentrations, and algal pigments. Manual water chemistry sampling further quantified suspended solids, total phosphorus and nitrogen, soluble reactive phosphorus, nitrate, and water clarity. We measured flux rates of phosphorus between bottom sediments and the overlying water using ex situ sediment core incubations under both oxic and anoxic conditions. We further quantified sediment phosphorus sorption capacity using equilibrium phosphorus concentration assays. Tiered sediment traps were used to measure sedimentation rates as well as sediment resuspension in bottom waters. We also measured change in zooplankton, macroinvertebrate, and macrophyte community composition and abundance. These data will be used to better understand the mechanisms of internal phosphorus loading in shallow lakes and the ecosystem effects of fisherie
Chamber level gas fluxes and soil biogeochemical properties from a tidal salt marsh and an impounded brackish wetland in South Carolina, USA
Archived data from a research project assessing the role of plants in driving methane fluxes from coastal wetland systems. Data collection occurred at the inland edge of a salt marsh and a diked, brackish impounded wetland in Georgetown County, South Carolina during 2022 and 2023. The first archived data table includes soil biogeochemical properties for all soil samples (0-10 cm and 10-50 cm mineral soil depth) collected approximately monthly from our two study sites. Specific biogeochemical properties include copy numbers of the mCRA gene, soil C and N concentrations, soil C:N ratios, soil moisture, pH, conductivity, organic matter content and alive and dead root biomass. The second archived data table includes methane and carbon dioxide fluxes from chambers over plants (whole-plant gas fluxes), adjacent to plants (plant-adjacent chambers) and in non-vegetated areas (non-vegetated fluxes) measured approximately monthly at our two study sites. Metadata associated with flux measurements are also included: leaf area, dead stems, oxidation reduction potential at four depths, atmospheric pressure, incoming solar radiation, relative humidity, chamber temperature, windspeed, water salinity, water temperature and water column depth.
Concentration–discharge relationships of chlorophyll describe the origin and fluxes of river algae across ecoregions
Since 2017, the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) program provides an extensive network of automated instruments and field sampling at 34 different aquatic sites across the U.S. NEON data provides a rare opportunity to combine high-frequency measurements from sensors with physical samples collected at multiples sites from different biomes. Such combination of data is frequently available only for 1, or few, sites. NEON provides the necessary data to translate some of the methods and research previously applied to single sites to a large spatial and temporal scale. Our approach in this study was to obtain all the available and reliable data from NEON aquatic sites, and analyze high frequency measurements of Chlorophyl a (Chl a) concentration and turbidity during high flows with a common analytical procedure. Then, we relate these high flow patterns to watershed conditions and algal communities to elucidate the controls on river phytoplankton communities and fluxes. The data provided here summarizes multiple storm characteristics and C-Q metrics (hysteresis index) for Chl a and turbidity for several high flow events at 26 different NEON stream and river sites.
CO2 and CH4 fluxes from living and standing dead trees in Howland Research Forest, Maine USA, 2024
Methane (CH4) is the second-largest contributor to human-induced climate change, with significant uncertainties in its terrestrial sources and sinks. Tree stems, both living and dead, play crucial roles in forest ecosystem CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) flux dynamics, yet much remains unknown regarding the environmental drivers of fluxes. We measured CH4 and CO2 fluxes from 51 living trees (Picea rubens, Tsuga canadensis, Acer rubrum) along an upland-to-wetland gradient at Howland Research Forest, a net annual sink of CH4, in Maine USA. We also measured CH4 and CO2 fluxes from six standing dead red spruce stems (snags). We measured fluxes every two weeks throughout the growing season (April to November 2024) and at three heights (for a subset of red spruce stems) to capture a range of environmental conditions.
Soil dissolved organic matter and greenhouse gas fluxes from intact Delmarva Bay wetland soil cores during laboratory simulation of groundwater level rise
Wetlands in low-relief landscapes have dynamic terrestrial-aquatic interfaces as surface water and groundwater levels fluctuate seasonally and these variable water levels influence wetland carbon cycling. Seasonal changes in groundwater levels determine which soils are hydrologically connected to the wetland surface water-groundwater continuum and therefore which soils act as carbon sources. To quantify groundwater-mediated soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) and greenhouse gas (CO2 and CH4) fluxes, we performed a laboratory simulation of groundwater rise on intact soil cores. Soil cores were collected from four Delmarva Bay wetlands located in the low-relief landscape of the Delmarva Peninsula in the Mid-Atlantic United States. At each wetland, two cores (length = 60 cm, diameter = 10.2 cm) were collected: one from within the wetland basin and the second from the transitional zone near the edge of the wetland basin (total number of cores collected = 8). To characterize seasonal hydrologic conditions at each wetland site where intact soil cores were collected (e.g., mean water level, number of saturation events, duration of saturation), we used high frequency water level data collected in wetland center and upland groundwater monitoring wells. In the lab, cores were re-saturated with groundwater over 15 days and after cores were fully re-saturated, core water levels were maintained for an additional 25 days. Water levels in each head tank and soil core were manually recorded on sub-daily timesteps. Rhizon soil porewater samplers were installed at 8, 20, and 40 cm below the soil surface reflecting the expected depths of the O, A, and B soil horizons across the wetland sites. Source groundwater, soil porewater, and exfiltrated surface water samples were collected daily from the soil cores and analyzed for pH, ORP, and DOM concentration (dissolved organic carbon) and DOM composition (absorbance and fluorescence metrics). Discrete measurements of CO2 and CH4 fluxes were
Time series of carbon dioxide fluxes measured with eddy covariance for Danjiangkou Reservoir in Hubei Province, China during 2022-2024
This dataset contains half-hourly micrometeorological and eddy covariance flux measurements of carbon dioxide (CO₂) collected over the water surface of the Danjiangkou Reservoir in Hubei Province, China, from April 2022 to November 2024. The eddy covariance tower was installed at the deepest point of the reservoir, which serves as a critical water source for water supply and regional ecological functions in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Measurements were obtained using a LI-COR eddy covariance system (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA), and fluxes were calculated using EddyPro software (version 7.0.6). The dataset includes CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes as well as supporting micrometeorological, radiation, and water temperature measurements. All data were processed following established best practices for eddy covariance measurements, including comprehensive quality assurance and quality control procedures, which are fully documented and included with the dataset.
Processed Net N2 Flux and Nitrous Oxide Production Rates from a mesocosm experiment, North River, MA, 2022
The data documented here show nitrogen cycling rates (net N2 flux and net N2O flux) from a tidal, freshwater wetland under two stressors in isolation and in combination over two different disturbance regimes. We used intact core mesocosms to examine how nitrogen cycling changed in response to increased temperature and salinity under pulse and press disturbances. We found that net N2 flux rates, defined as the balance between nitrogen fixation and denitrification did not directionally change in response to stressor pulse or press. Instead, it became more variable under both disturbance regimes. Nitrous oxide production rates, however, decreased and became more stable over time in the press scenario, but remained highly variable in the pulse scenario. These findings provide valuable knowledge on the functional potential of the nitrogen cycling microbial communities in tidal, freshwater wetlands when facing future climate variability.
Leaf Area Index every 15 cm of 1m x 1m chamber flux and point frame plots and sites where dataloggers monitored photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) above, within and below Salix pulchra and Betula nana canopies during the growing season at the Toolik Field Station in AK, Summer 2012.
Leaf area index (LAI) measurements were taken with the Delta-T SunScan wand every 15 cm from the ground to above the canopy under both direct and diffuse light. conditions The data includes all outputs from the SunScan wand: time of measurement, transmitted light, spread of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) sensors, beam fraction, and zenith angle. These measurements were taken for 1m x 1m chamber flux and point frame plots sampled in tall Salix pulchra and Betula nana shrub canopies as well as sites monitored remotely by PAR sensors situated above, within, and below tall shrub canopies at the Toolik Field Station in the summer of 2012.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.