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58 results for “flyways”
Oregon Prioritization package for expanding the Motus network in the Pacific Flyway
Addressing survival and movement of priority migratory avian species of concern along the Pacific Flyway is paramount for their conservation. Yet, the migratory life stage is understudied in many avian species. The Motus radiotelemetry receiver network is an established system for tracking survival and movement of avian species. This network is an international collaborative that successfully identifies stopover site duration, connected migratory routes, post-fledging dispersal and survival, and adult survival and fidelity on a landscape-scale; parameters that cannot be easily estimated using non-tagged birds. While the Motus network is highly connected in eastern North America, the western part of the continent is lagging in coverage and connectivity, limiting the ability to obtain sample sizes large enough to robustly model demographic parameters from tagged birds. Thus, the expansion of the Motus network is a high priority for Pacific Flyway State Agencies. To date, no method exists for determining priority locations for new Motus receiving stations. With collaborations from States and the Canadian Province of British Columbia, we used eBird citizen scientist data to prioritize strategic locations for new Motus receiving stations throughout the Pacific Flyway. We model priority species’ co-occupancy of varying abundance states (i.e., absent, present, abundant, abundant in multiple weeks) with spatially varying Landsat (red and near infrared), water, land cover types, and weather covariates while accounting for variable detection with temporally varying survey effort covariates. Using occupancy model predictions, we identify high-use areas of the Pacific Flyway for establishing new Motus receiving towers that have high probabilities of intercepting high presence and /or abundance of multiple species of interest in a series of predictive occupancy maps. This package contains all data used to model high occurrence of multiple priority species as well as predictive m
The most remarkable migrants: Systematic analysis of the Western European insect flyway at a Pyrenean mountain pass
<p>In 1950, David and Elizabeth Lack chanced upon a huge migration of insects and birds flying through the Pyrenean Pass of Bujaruelo, later describing the spectacle as combining both grandeur with novelty. The intervening years have seen many changes to land use and climate, posing the question as to the current status of this migratory phenomenon, while a lack of quantitative data has prevented insights into the ecological impact of this mass insect migration and into the factors affecting it. To address this, we revisited the site in autumn over a 4-year period and systematically monitored diurnal insect species and numbers. We document an annual mean of 17.1 million day-flying insects from 5 orders moving south, with 'mass migration' events associated with warmer temperatures, the presence of a headwind, sunlight, low windspeed, and low rainfall. Diptera dominated the migratory assemblage and annual numbers varied by more than fourfold with larger annual migration flows associated with higher autumn temperatures in Northwest Europe. Finally, using observed environmental thresholds for migration, we estimate an annual 'bioflow' of at least 14.6 billion day-flying insects migrating south over the whole Pyrenean Mountain range, highlighting the importance of this route for seasonal insect migrants.</p>
Individual life histories Sanderlings Calidris alba at six non-breeding locations along East-Atlantic flyway
<p>The data file contains individual encounter histories of 1,358 adult Sanderlings (<em>Calidris alba</em>) that winter in six different areas, England, France, Portugal, Mauritania, Ghana or Namibia and were observed between 2007-2013 in the main study site, their winter area (between 1 November – 1 March) and/or outside the main study site, during the interval between encounter occasions at the main study sites (during migration in Europe between 15 March and 15 October and at least 2 latitudinal degrees north of the median winter latitude). Encounter histories are coded as ‘LDLD’ (“Live, dead, live, dead”), where L codes for life encounters in the main study site (0: not observed, 1: observed) and D for (life or dead) encounters outside the main study sites (0: not observed, 1: observed dead, 2: observed alive). The encounter history of an individual starts with the first observation in its wintering region in the year after marking. Winter regions are indicated by the last six columns of the data file which are separated by spaces, where a 1 in the first column indicates England, the second column indicates France, the third Portugal, the fourth Mauritania, the fifth Ghana and the sixth Namibia. Further details can be found in the methods section in the manuscript.</p>
Figure 1 in The Black Sea-Eastern Mediterranean flyway of the globally threatened European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur)
Figure 1. Density map of recovery lines of the Eastern flyway (left) and the Black Sea-Eastern Mediterranean flyway (right).
Data from: Global marine flyways identified for long-distance migrating seabirds from tracking data
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The most remarkable migrants: Systematic analysis of the Western European insect flyway at a Pyrenean mountain pass
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Data from: Consequences of past and present harvest management in a declining flyway population of common eiders Somateria mollissima
<p>1. Harvested species population dynamics are shaped by the relative contribution of natural and harvest mortality. Natural mortality is usually not under management control, so managers must continuously adjust harvest rates to prevent overexploitation. Ideally, this requires regular assessment of the contribution of harvest to total mortality and how this affects population dynamics. 2. To assess the impact of hunting mortality on the dynamics of the rapidly declining Baltic/Wadden Sea population of common eiders Somateria mollissima we first estimated vital rates of ten study colonies over the period 1970–2015. By means of a multi-event capture-recovery model we then used the cause of death of recovered individuals to estimate proportions of adult females that died due to hunting or other causes. Finally, we adopted a stochastic matrix population modelling approach based on simulations to investigate the effect of past and present harvest regulations on changes in flyway population size and composition. 3. Results showed that even the complete ban on shooting females implemented in 2014 in Denmark, where most hunting takes place was not enough to stop the population decline given current levels of natural female mortality. Despite continued hunting of males our predictions suggest that the proportion of females will continue to decline unless natural mortality of the females is reduced. 4. Although levels of natural mortality must decrease to halt the decline of this population, we advocate that the current hunting ban on females is maintained while further investigations of factors causing increased levels of natural mortality among females are undertaken. 5. Synthesis and applications. At the flyway scale, continuous and accurate estimates of vital rates and the relative contribution of harvest versus other mortality causes are increasingly important as the population effect of adjusting harvest rates is most effectively evaluated within a model-based adaptive management framework.</p>
Comparative migration ecology of striped bass and Atlantic sturgeon in the US Southern Mid-Atlantic Bight flyway
<p>Seasonal migrations are key to the production and persistence of marine fish populations but movements within shelf movement corridors or, "flyways", are poorly known. Atlantic sturgeon and striped bass, two anadromous species of concern, are known for their extensive migrations along the US Middle-Atlantic Bight. Seasonal patterns of habitat selection are well described within spawning rivers, estuaries, and shelf foraging habitats, but information on the location and timing of key coastal migrations is limited. Using a gradient-based array of acoustic telemetry receivers, we compared the seasonal incidence and movement behavior of these species in the near-shelf region of Maryland, USA. Atlantic sturgeon incidence was highest in the spring and fall and tended to be biased toward shallow regions, while striped bass had increased presence during spring and winter months and selected deeper waters. Incidence was transient (mean = ~2 d) for both species with a pattern of increased residency (> 2 d) during autumn and winter, particularly for striped bass, with many individuals exhibiting prolonged presence on the outer shelf during winter. Flyways also differed spatially between northern and southern migrations for both species and were related to temperature: striped bass were more likely to occur in cool conditions while Atlantic sturgeon preferred warmer temperatures. Observed timing and spatial distribution within the Middle-Atlantic flyway were dynamic between years and sensitive to climate variables. As shelf ecosystems come under increasing maritime development, gridded telemetry designs represent a feasible approach to provide impact responses within key marine flyways like those that occur within the US Middle-Atlantic Bight. </p>
Global flyway evolution in red knots Calidris canutus and genetic evidence for a Nearctic refugium
<p>Present-day ecology and population structure are the legacies of past climate and habitat perturbations, and this is particularly true for species that are widely distributed at high latitudes. The red knot, <em>Calidris canutus</em>, is an arctic-breeding, long-distance migratory shorebird with six recognized subspecies defined by differences in morphology, migration behavior, and annual-cycle phenology, in a global distribution thought to have arisen just since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We used nextRAD sequencing of 10,881 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to assess the neutral genetic structure and phylogeographic history of 172 red knots representing all known global breeding populations. Using population genetics approaches, including model-based scenario-testing in an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) framework, we infer that red knots derive from two main lineages that diverged ca. 34,000 years ago, and thus most likely persisted at the LGM in both Palearctic and Nearctic refugia, followed by at least two instances of secondary contact and admixture. Within two Beringian subspecies (<em>C. c. roselaari</em> and <em>rogersi</em>), we detected previously unknown genetic structure among sub-populations sharing a migratory flyway, reflecting additional complexity in the phylogeographic history of the region. Conversely, we found very weak genetic differentiation between two Nearctic populations (<em>rufa</em> and <em>islandica</em>) with clearly divergent migratory phenotypes and little or no apparent contact throughout the annual cycle. Together, these results suggest that relative gene flow among migratory populations reflects a complex interplay of historical, geographical, and ecological factors.</p>
Differences in network structure and connectivity of four (protected) Palearctic-Afrotropical flyways
<p class="MsoNormal"><em><span>Aim – </span></em><span>Waterbirds that travel seasonally between Europe and Africa use wetlands along four major Palearctic-Afrotropical flyways. However, it is unknown to what extent the overall connectivity of these flyways may be threatened by ongoing habitat loss and degradation. Here, we contrasted the wetland connectivity along these four flyways, applying graph-theoretic connectivity metrics on an intercontinental scale. We also explored for which flyway connectivity is most at risk. We then identified the most important wetlands by their contribution to connectivity in each flyway. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><em><span>Location – </span></em><span>Western Palearctic, Afrotropics</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><em><span>Methods – </span></em><span>Based on high-resolution wetland maps, we calculated directional probabilistic connectivity metrics. Estimates of overall connectivity of each flyway were obtained, as well as the relative importance of wetlands, for birds with different migration strategies: short-distance hoppers and long-distance jumpers.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><em><span>Results – </span></em><span>The East-Atlantic flyway and Eastern Mediterranean flyway had higher overall functional connectivity than the two central routes, reflecting the larger barrier represented by the Mediterranean Sea and Sahara Desert. Fewer than 5% of all wetlands supported more than 70% of the total connectivity of the network in each flyway, regardless of the considered migration strategy. These wetlands were either large, strategically positioned, or both. Removing non-protected wetlands from the analysis showed that the connectivity of some flyways could be jeopardised and that the East-Atlantic and Eastern Mediterranean flyway may be most vulnerable to additional habitat loss. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><em><span>Main conclusions – </span></em><span>Our results illustrate (1) the major contribution of unprotected wetlands to flyway connectivity, (2) the importance of integrating migration ecology into site-based connectivity analyses, and (3) the utility of graph-based connectivity metrics to inform conservation prioritisation under present and future scenarios.</span></p>
Low levels of hybridization between domestic and wild Mallards wintering in the Lower Mississippi Flyway
<p>Mallard ducks are a ubiquitous and socio-economically important game bird in North America. Despite their generally abundant midcontinent population, Mallards in eastern North America are declining, which may be partially explained by extensive hybridization with human-released domestically-derived game-farm Mallards. We investigated the genetic composition of Mallards in the middle and lower Mississippi flyway, key wintering regions for the species. We found that nearly 30% of wild Mallards carried mitochondrial haplotypes derived from domestic mallards present in North America, indicating that the individuals had female game-farm Mallard lineage in their past; however nuclear results identified only 4% of the same sample set as putative hybrids. Recovering 30% of samples with OW A mtDNA haplotypes is concordant with general trends across the Mississippi flyway and this percentage was stable across Mallards we sampled a decade apart. The capture and perpetuation of OW A mtDNA haplotypes is likely due to female breeding structure, whereas reversal of the nuclear signal back to wild ancestry is due to sequential backcrossing and lower and/or declining admixture with game-farm Mallards. Future studies of wild ancestry of Mississippi flyway Mallards will benefit from coupling molecular and spatial technology across flyways, seasons, and years to search for potential transitions of Mallard populations with different genetic ancestry, and whether the genetic ancestry is somehow linked to an individual's natal and subsequent breeding location.</p>
Low levels of hybridization between domestic and wild Mallards wintering in the Lower Mississippi Flyway
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Comparative migration ecology of striped bass and Atlantic sturgeon in the US Southern Mid-Atlantic Bight flyway
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Examining inter-regional and intra-seasonal differences in wintering waterfowl landscape associations among Pacific and Atlantic flyways
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Data from: Consequences of past and present harvest management in a declining flyway population of common eiders Somateria mollissima
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Global flyway evolution in red knots Calidris canutus and genetic evidence for a Nearctic refugium
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2024 Pacific flyway region Caspian tern (Hydroprogne caspia) colony surveys – aerial photos and colony count data
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Differences in network structure and connectivity of four (protected) Palearctic-Afrotropical flyways
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Cryptic population structure in sandhill cranes (Antigone canadensis) of the Pacific Flyway
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Data from: Filling knowledge gaps in a threatened shorebird flyway through satellite tracking
1. Satellite-based technologies that track individual animal movements enable the mapping of their spatial and temporal patterns of occurrence. This is particularly useful in poorly studied or remote regions where there is a need for the rapid gathering of relevant ecological knowledge to inform management actions. One such region is East Asia, where many intertidal habitats are being degraded at unprecedented rates and shorebird populations relying on these habitats show rapid declines. 2. We examine the utility of satellite tracking to accelerate the identification of coastal sites of conservation importance in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. In 2015–2017 we used solar-powered satellite transmitters to track the migration of 32 great knots (Calidris tenuirostris), an 'Endangered' shorebird species widely distributed in the Flyway and fully dependent on intertidal habitats for foraging during the non-breeding season. 3. From the great knot tracks, a total of 92 stopping sites along the Flyway were identified. Surprisingly, 63% of these sites were not known as important shorebird sites before our study; in fact, every one of the tracked individuals used sites that were previously unrecognized. 4. Site knowledge from on-ground studies in the Flyway is most complete for the Yellow Sea and generally lacking for Southeast Asia, Southern China, and Eastern Russia. 5. Policy implications: Satellite tracking highlighted coastal habitats that are potentially important for shorebirds but lack ecological information and conservation recognition, such as those in Southern China and Southeast Asia. At the same time, the distributional data of tracked individuals can direct on-ground surveys at the lesser-known sites to collect information on bird numbers and habitat characteristics. To recognize and subsequently protect valuable coastal habitats, filling knowledge gaps by integrating bird tracking with ground-based methods should be prioritized.19-Jun-2019
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.