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239 results for “foliar”
Foliar and Soil Chemistry at Harvard Forest Chronic Nitrogen Amendment Experiment 1995-2009
The aim of the chronic N study at Harvard Forest is to increase our understanding of ecosystem nitrogen dynamics in response to elevated nitrogen inputs. In recent, nitrogen deposition in the Northeastern United States has been 10 to 20 times above historic background levels which could possibly saturate the retention capacity of a forest ecosystem. Long-term elevated N deposition typically leads to an increase in the concentration of total foliar N, with or without similar changes in the important base elements such as Ca, Mg and K. This increase in leaf N content also leads to significant shifts in the internal partitioning of N within the leaf. For example, in conifers, N deposition has been shown to significantly increase leaf N present in the form of free amino acids such as arginine. Little is known about N partitioning for hardwoods under these conditions. These changes in N partitioning are possibly connected to leaf function. The present study was conducted to experimentally test whether the alterations in N partitioning do occur due to long-term N deposition and if so do they have a positive or a negative effect on photosynthetic capacity and biomass production. A possible decoupling of the relationship between foliar N and photosynthetic rate may occurs under these conditions. The treatment plots used in this study are part of the Chronic Nitrogen Amendment Study at the Harvard Forest LTER site (42.5°N, 72°W). The site has a temperate climate with monthly temperatures ranging from -7°C in January to 20°C in July. Average annual precipitation is 110 cm (http://harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu). The site averages approximately 8 kg ha-1 year-1 of total N deposition. As reported earlier, the land-use history of the pine and hardwood stands used in this study is very different. Two adjacent stands were chosen for the study: an even-aged red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) stand and a 50-year-old mixed hardwood stand that had regenerated naturally after clearcutting i
Multiple Element Limitation in Northern Hardwood Ecosystems (MELNHE): Foliar Chemistry 2008-2022 in Bartlett, Hubbard Brook, and Jeffers Brook
We are conducting nutrient manipulations in three study sites in the White Mountain National Forest in New Hampshire: Bartlett Experimental Forest, Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, and Jeffers Brook. We monitored foliar chemistry in 13 of our stands (including HBCa and excluding C3) pre-treatment (2008-2010) and post-treatment (2014-2016 and 2021-22). In 2021-22, we also measured specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, carbon isotope composition, and stomatal density. We found that foliar N concentrations were higher with N addition and foliar P concentrations were higher with P addition. More interestingly, P addition reduced foliar N concentrations and N addition reduced foliar P concentrations. Some interactive effects were observed (i.e. NxP, Species x N, Species x P, Species x N x P). This dataset contains pre- and post- treatment foliar chemistry and trait data, and data from the analysis of quality control standard samples. Changes to pre-treatment data from version 1 include switching white birch trees #8272 and #8252 in stand JBM plots 2 and 3 (8272 is now in the nitrogen plot and 8252 is now in the control plot), correcting the species of tree #1628 in stand HBCa plot 1 (changed from red maple to sugar maple) and tree #8457 in stand HBO plot 3 (changed from sugar maple to red maple), and updating nutrient concentrations for C8 plot 3 sugar maple trees #28 and #30 to include averages of subsamples re-run in 2022. Tree tags were also updated to the tag ID present during the 2023 tree inventory. Additional detail on the MELNHE project, including a datatable of site descriptions and a pdf file with the project description and diagram of plot configuration can be found in this data package: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=344 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained
Hubbard Brook Nitrogen Oligotrophication (HBNO): Foliar resorption, leaf mass per area, and leaf chemistry of sugar maple and American beech, 2020-2022
We quantified nitrogen (N) resorption of the two dominant tree species of northern hardwood forests along an elevation gradient using 14 sites at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, NH. For these calculations, we also quantified the leaf mass per area for both species, sugar maple and American beech. The original data before averaging for combining with chemistry data is available in an earlier revision of this dataset. Foliar N of sugar maple increased, and N resorption proficiency (NRP) decreased with increasing elevation. In contrast, foliar N and NRP of American beech did not vary significantly with elevation, suggesting that the mechanisms driving patterns of N resorption were distinct between these co-occurring species. While both species exhibited strong correlations between resorption efficiency of C and N, resorption of both elements was much greater for beech than maple. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Soil and foliar carbon and nitrogen content and stable isotope ratios from rainfall manipulation experiments at the Jornada Basin LTER, 2011-2020
As rainfall extremes are expected to increase in novel magnitude and frequency, especially in dryland regions, we asked how prolonged and directional shifts to water availability may affect ecosystem carbon and nitrogen dynamics. This data set includes foliar and soil carbon and nitrogen stable isotope and concentration data collected from multiple long-term rainfall manipulation experiments at the Jornada Basin LTER. Datasets also include rainfall data adjusted to rainfall manipulation intensities. Collection dates range from 5 to 14 years since the onset of experimental treatments. The primary plant species targeted for this study were the dominant grass, Bouteloua eriopoda, and the dominant shrub, Prosopis glandulosa.
Multiple Element Limitation in Northern Hardwood Ecosystems (MELNHE): Sugar Maple Sap Sweetness and Nutrients, and Foliar Gas Exchange and Nutrients, 2013
Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) sap sweetness and elemental concentrations, foliar gas exchange, and foliar elemental concentrations were measured in 2013 in Bartlett Experimental Forest stands C6, C8, and C9 and Jeffers Brook stands JBM and JBO. In February and March 2013, sugar maples were sampled for sap sweetness and elemental concentrations of potassium (K), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), and strontium (Sr). In July 2013, leaves from four sugar maple trees per plot, representing the two highest and lowest sap sugar concentrations, were sampled for foliar gas exchange and foliar elemental analyses of Ca, K, Mn, P, nitrogen (N), and silicon (Si). Additional detail on the MELNHE project, including a datatable of site descriptions and a pdf file with the project description and diagram of plot configuration can be found in this data package: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-hbr&identifier=344 These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Short-term disappearance of foliar litter of three tree species native to rain forest of Puerto Rico
Litter disappearance was examined before (1989) and after (1990) Hurricane Hugo in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico using mesh litterbags containing abscised Cyrilla racemiflora or Dacryodes excelsa leaves or fresh Prestoea montana leaves. Biomass and nitrogen dynamics were compared among: i) species; ii) mid- and high-elevation forest types; iii) riparian and upland sites; and iv) among pre- and post-hurricane disturbed environments. Biomass disappearance was compared using multiple regression and negative exponential models in which the slopes were estimates of the decomposition rates subsequent to apparent leaching losses and the y-intercepts were indices of initial mass losses (leaching). C. racemiflora leaves with low nitrogen (0.39 %) and high lignin (22.1 %) content decayed at a low rate and immobilized available nitrogen. D. excelsa leaves had moderate nitrogen (0.67 %) and lignin (16.6 %) content, decayed at moderate rates, and maintained the initial nitrogen mass. P. montana foliage had high nitrogen (1.76 %) and moderate lignin (16.7 %) content and rapidly lost both mass and nitrogen. There were not significant differences in litter disappearance and nitrogen dynamics among forest types and slope positions. Initial mass loss of C. racemiflora leaves was lower in 1990 but the subsequent decomposition rate did not change. Initial mass losses and the overall decomposition rates were lower in 1990 than in 1989 for D. excelsa. D. excelsa and C. racemiflora litter immobilized nitrogen in 1990 but released 10-15% of their initial N in 1989, whereas P. montana released nitrogen in both years (25-40 %). Observed differences in litter disappearance rates between years may have been due to differences in the timing of precipitation. Foliar litter inputs during post-hurricane recovery of vegetation in Puerto Rico may serve to immobilize and conserve site nitrogen. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-00
Macroscale Variation in Red Maple (Acer rubrum) Foliar Carbon, Nitrogen, and Nitrogen Resorption
Project Description The primary goal of this project was to investigate intraspecific variation of foliar nitrogen resorption for Acer rubrum (red maple). In particular, we are interested in examining whether foliar nutrient resorption is related to climatic factors such as mean annual temperature and/or precipitation. The approach used to collect green and fallen leaf samples was through a community science project where participants sent leaves to our lab at Boston University for analysis. In the spring/summer of 2019 plant and naturalist organizations throughout the range of red maple in the United States were contacted to request information about this project be sent to their members regarding the collection of red maple leaves for the study. Interested parties were prompted to complete a google form that included basic contact information. Each participant was then sent a sampling kit which included gloves, sampling protocols, and data sheets. For each set of leaves collected from a single tree they were assigned the following identification “tasper-###” where the numbers were uniquely assigned. Green and fallen leaves were assigned different “tasper-###” numbers. Within a single identification (e.g., tasper-120) each leaf was individually assigned a letter a-n, where n corresponds to the letter of how many leaves were sent from that tree. For most samples a-j was obtained because we asked participants to collect 10 leaves. Individual leaves were scanned for area analysis using a flatbed scanner at 300 dpi and weighed. For C&N analysis each leaf blade from a set of green or fallen leaves from a single tree was hole-punched and the samples were combined yielding one C and N concentration per tree for both each green and fallen leaves. Punches were ground and homogenized to a powder using a mortar and pestle. Approximately 3 mg of dried sample was analyzed for C and N concentration using a NC2500 elemental analyzer (CE Elantech, Lakewood, NJ, USA). NIST Apple Le
Decomposition of Microstegium vimineum litter, plants grew through the Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge in 2019. Litter used in this experiment naturally senesced in the fall 2019, decomposition data collected through 2020. Plants were infected or not-infected with the foliar fungal pathogen Bipolaris gigantea during the 2019 growing season.
Decomposition of plant litter, facilitated primarily by microbial decomposers, plays a critical role in biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem function. Emerging pathogens have the potential to impact litter decomposition by altering the chemical composition and associated microbial community of host tissue. Here, we compared litter decomposition of the invasive grass Microstegium vimineum collected from sites with Bipolaris leaf spot symptoms and sites with no apparent disease symptoms in a common garden experiment. Our results revealed that leaf tissue from litter from non-infected sites decomposed more rapidly through the spring than litter from infected sites. Differences in fungal composition between infected and non-infected litter at the start of the experiment largely persisted through the summer. Our work demonstrates that pathogen colonization may facilitate the persistence of infected host litter, potentially slowing the return of nutrients to the environmental pool while also promoting the survival and dispersal of primary inoculum the following season.
Plant community richness and foliar fungicides impact soil Streptomyces inhibition, resistance, and resource use phenotypes
Data associated with "Plant community richness and foliar fungicides impact soil Streptomyces inhibition, resistance, and resource use phenotypes" (DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1452534). These data include soil resource measurements and various phenotypic measurements of associated Streptomyces isolates/populations. Specifically, these data note population level inhibition phenotypes according to Herr's Assays, isolate level antibiotic resistance phenotypes against 9 standard antibiotics, and isolate level resource use phenotypes quantified with Biolog SF-P2 96 well plates.
Effects of Hurricane Opal on foliar chemistry and insect herbivores at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in 1997: foliar chemistry data
Hurricane damage results in tree mortality and variation in both light and nutrient availability for the individuals that remain. In turn, resource availability influences the interactions between plants and insect herbivores. We report effects of Hurricane Opal on the phenolic chemistry and levels of defoliation on surviving trees at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in North Carolina. We measured foliar astringency, hydrolysable tannins, and condensed tannins in the foliage of red maple and red oak saplings in hurricane damaged and undamaged sites. We estimated inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus availability in the soil, and the accumulated leaf area removed by insect herbivores. The foliar astringency of both red maple and red oak was higher in sites damaged by the hurricane. Later in the growing season, condensed tannin levels were significantly higher in the foliage of red oak in damaged sites. There were no consistent differences in ammonium, nitrate, or phosphate availability between damaged and undamaged sites. Despite higher foliar astringency of trees in sites damaged by Hurricane Opal, levels of defoliation by insect herbivores were higher in damaged than in control sites on both tree species. Apparent increases in putative defensive compounds following hurricane damage did not protect trees from herbivory.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Hyperspectral Foliar N map and associated field data, 2012
A canopy nitrogen map was created for the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and watersheds using airborne imaging spectrometer data collected by SpecTIR LLC (Reno, NV) on August 7, 2012, and associated field data. Leaf samples collected in the field were analyzed for nitrogen concentration, scaled to plot (whole canopy) level, and related to airborne imaging spectrometer reflectance data using partial least squares regression modeling to derive spatially explicit estimates of canopy nitrogen concentration (mass-based) for the spatial extent of the airborne imagery.
Foliar stoichiometry of woody plants worldwide
<p>This data includes foliar N, P, K % in DW of mature leaves in woody plants worldwide. It also contains the georeferenced information and specie. It gathers data from 230 published articles, TRY database (<a href="http://www.try-db.org/TryWeb/dp.php),">http://www.try-db.org/TryWeb/dp.php),</a> ICP forest database (<a href="http://icp-forests.net/page/data-requests),">http://icp-forests.net/page/data-requests),</a> Tundra Trait Team and the Catalan Forest Inventory (Gracia et al., 2004).</p>
Flexible foliar stoichiometry with CTSM5.1
This data explores the importance of flexible foliar stoichiometry in mediating terrestrial carbon cycle and hydrologic responses to climate change using CTSM5.1. We find a strong reduction in terrestrial productivity and the land C sink over the 21st century when we allow foliar stoichiometry to increase with rising concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere.
Figura 3. A-C in Anatomia foliar comparada de Palicourea rigida e Palicourea coriacea (Rubiaceae) ocorrentes no município de Diorama, Goiás, Brasil
Figura 3. A-C. Secção transversal da região do bordo. A. Palicourea coriacea, B-C. Palicourea rigida. D-H. Vista frontal. D. Palicourea coriacea, epiderme adaxial. E e F. Palicourea rigida, epiderme adaxial. G. Palecourea coriacea, epiderme abaxial. H. Palecourea rigida, epiderme abaxial. Seta branca indica cristal estilóide; seta vermelha indica estrias nas células subsidiárias. Barra = A e B = 100µm; C – H = 20µm.
Figure 2. Green and senescence N in Foliar resorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in Alcea apterocarpa (Malvaceae) in different habitats types
Figure 2. Green and senescence N:P ratio of A. apterocarpa in different habitat types. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level using Tukey's HSD test.
Figure 1 in Foliar resorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in Alcea apterocarpa (Malvaceae) in different habitats types
Figure 1. Resorption proficiency and efficiency levels of A. apterocarpa according to all patterns. Habitat abbreviations are H1: riverbank, H2: meadow and H3: forest clearing. Minor letters followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level using Tukey's HSD test.
Figura 2 in Anatomia foliar comparada de Palicourea rigida e Palicourea coriacea (Rubiaceae) ocorrentes no município de Diorama, Goiás, Brasil
Figura 2. Secção transversal do limbo foliar. A-C e J-L. Palicourea coriacea. D-I. Palicourea rigida. Xl = xilema, Fl = floema, Bf = bainha de feixe esclerenquimática, Cl = colênquima, Eb = epiderme abaxial, Ed = epiderme adaxial, Pp = parênquima paliçádico, Pl = parênquima lacunoso, seta preta indica cristal estilóde. Barra = A e D = 200µm; J = 100µm; B, C, E – I, K e L = 20µm.
Lám. 84.–Oxalis latifolia, a, d) Liérganes, Cantabria (ex herb. Sánchez Pedraja 8358); b, c) Riotuerto, Cantabria (ex herb. Sánchez Pedraja 8206); e) Treceño, Cantabria (ex herb. Sánchez Pedraja 8212): a) base de la planta; b) hoja; c) detalle del seno del folíolo; d) bráctea; e) semilla. O. vallicola, f, j) Logroño, La Rioja (ex herb. Sánchez Pedraja 8215); g-i) Laguardia, Álava (ex herb. Sánchez Pedraja 8275): f, g) base de la planta; h) hoja; i) detalle del margen foliar; j) bráctea. O. debilis, k-n) Sueca, Valencia (ex herb. Sánchez Pedraja 9528): k) base de la planta; l) hoja; m) detalle del margen foliar; n) bráctea. in Rhamnaceae- Polygalaceae
Lám. 84.–Oxalis latifolia, a, d) Liérganes, Cantabria (ex herb. Sánchez Pedraja 8358); b, c) Riotuerto, Cantabria (ex herb. Sánchez Pedraja 8206); e) Treceño, Cantabria (ex herb. Sánchez Pedraja 8212): a) base de la planta; b) hoja; c) detalle del seno del folíolo; d) bráctea; e) semilla. O. vallicola, f, j) Logroño, La Rioja (ex herb. Sánchez Pedraja 8215); g-i) Laguardia, Álava (ex herb. Sánchez Pedraja 8275): f, g) base de la planta; h) hoja; i) detalle del margen foliar; j) bráctea. O. debilis, k-n) Sueca, Valencia (ex herb. Sánchez Pedraja 9528): k) base de la planta; l) hoja; m) detalle del margen foliar; n) bráctea.
Lám. 28.–Melia azedarach, a-f) cultivada, Madrid (MA 270877); g-k) cultivada, pr. Aledo, Murcia (MA 724626): a) rama con flores; b) detalle del envés y margen foliar; c) vista lateral de la flor; d) cáliz y tubo estaminal; e) flor, sin pétalos, abierta longitudinalmente; f) cara abaxial del pétalo; g) drupa; h) pireno; i) sección longitudinal de la drupa; j) sección transversal de la drupa; k) semilla. in Rhamnaceae- Polygalaceae
Lám. 28.–Melia azedarach, a-f) cultivada, Madrid (MA 270877); g-k) cultivada, pr. Aledo, Murcia (MA 724626): a) rama con flores; b) detalle del envés y margen foliar; c) vista lateral de la flor; d) cáliz y tubo estaminal; e) flor, sin pétalos, abierta longitudinalmente; f) cara abaxial del pétalo; g) drupa; h) pireno; i) sección longitudinal de la drupa; j) sección transversal de la drupa; k) semilla.
Lám. 85.–Oxalis bowiei, Cuart de les Valls, Valencia (MA 599047): a) hábito; b) bulbo antes de brotar; c) detalle de la base del tallo; d) indumento de la base del tallo e) indumento del pedúnculo; f) indumento foliar, envés; g) bráctea, cara abaxial; h) flor sin pétalos; i) flor sin perianto; j) sépalo, cara abaxial; k) gineceo. in Rhamnaceae- Polygalaceae
Lám. 85.–Oxalis bowiei, Cuart de les Valls, Valencia (MA 599047): a) hábito; b) bulbo antes de brotar; c) detalle de la base del tallo; d) indumento de la base del tallo e) indumento del pedúnculo; f) indumento foliar, envés; g) bráctea, cara abaxial; h) flor sin pétalos; i) flor sin perianto; j) sépalo, cara abaxial; k) gineceo.
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