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40 results for “food conditioning”
Can household storage conditions reduce food waste and environmental impact ? A broccoli case study
<p>The consumption stage has been identified as the largest producer of food waste (FW) across the food supply chain (FSC), with fruit and vegetables being the most affected product category. The present study aims to determine the op- timal storage scenario at household level to avoid food waste and which has the lowest environmental footprint. Broc- coli was stored under different storage conditions: unbagged or bagged (periodically opened) in bioplastic bags inside a domestic refrigerator at 5 or 7 °C for 34 days and then analysed for relative humidity (RH), sensory properties and bioactive compounds. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to evaluate the environmental profile of 1 kg of broccoli purchased by the consumer (cradle-to-grave). At day 0 (base scenario) the carbon footprint was 0.81 kg CO2 eq/kg, with the vegetable farming being the main contributor to this environmental impact, mostly driven by fertiliser (production and its emissions to air and water) and irrigation (due to electricity consumption for water pumping). Quality and food waste depended on time and storage conditions: For short storage times, within three days, the best quality combined with the lowest environmental footprint was for unbagged broccoli at 7 °C and no household food waste. However, this scenario had the highest food waste level from day 3 onwards, with increased resource loss and overall environmental footprint. For long-term storage, using a bag and storing at 5 °C helped to re- duce food waste with the lowest environmental footprint. For example, at 16 days, this scenario (bagged at 5 °C) could save 4.63 kg/FU ofbroccoli and 3.16 kg CO2 eq/FU compared to the worst scenario (unbagged at 7 °C). Consumers are the key to reducing household food waste and this research provides the knowledge for improvement.</p>
Fig. 14. D. latissimus taking food with carp fry Fig. 16 in Technological Aspects Of Keeping Dytiscus Latissimus Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) In Laboratory Conditions
Fig. 14. D. latissimus taking food with carp fry Fig. 16. Female of D. latissimus laying eggs. as a forage. in the laboratory is close to natural. Dissolved oxygen content indices are optimal. It allows providing normal biochemical reaction processing in the aquarium and its filter, as well as improves environmental conditions for animal life in the periods of temperature critical changes during summer and winter months.
Figure 7 in Ecological conditions of Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812) in Sokokembang Forest (Central Java, Indonesia) through distribution and food preferences
Figure 7. (a) Javan langur males monitoring their group; (b) langur cubs feeding activities in in Sokokembang forest. Photos by Y.M. Putra.
Figure 6 in Ecological conditions of Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812) in Sokokembang Forest (Central Java, Indonesia) through distribution and food preferences
Figure 6. (a) Vertical Crown space of tree usage patterns (yellow color indicates the space used for feeding activities, red color space not used), (b) Percentage of vertical crown space of tree usage.
Implementation of ATP and Microbial Indicator Testing for Hygiene Monitoring in a Tofu Production Facility Improves Product Quality and Hygienic Conditions of Food Contact Surfaces: A Case Study
<p>This is the code and associated data that was used to generate conclusions for the following manuscript published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology:</p> <p>DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02278-20</p> <p>Implementation of ATP and Microbial Indicator Testing for Hygiene Monitoring in a Tofu Production Facility Improves Product Quality and Hygienic Conditions of Food Contact Surfaces: A Case Study</p> <p>Authors: Jonathan H. Sogin(a), Gabriela Lopez Velasco(b), Burcu Yordem(b), Cari K. Lingle(b), John M. David(b), Mario Cobo(a), Randy W. Worobo(a)</p> <p>(a)Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA</p> <p>(b)3M Company, St. Paul, MN, USA</p> <p>Address correspondence to Jonathan H. Sogin, jhs397@cornell.edu</p>
Data for publication: A food system transformation can enhance global health, environmental conditions and social inclusion
<p>Data related to the publication "A food system transformation can enhance global health, environmental conditions and social inclusion"</p>
Figure 3 in Ecological conditions of Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812) in Sokokembang Forest (Central Java, Indonesia) through distribution and food preferences
Figure 3. Percentage composition of plant parts eaten by Javan langurs in Sokokembang forest.
Figure 4 in Ecological conditions of Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812) in Sokokembang Forest (Central Java, Indonesia) through distribution and food preferences
Figure 4. Distribution map of Javan langur food plants.
Figure 1 in Ecological conditions of Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812) in Sokokembang Forest (Central Java, Indonesia) through distribution and food preferences
Figure 1. Location of Sokokembang forest, Pekalongan Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.
Figure 5 in Ecological conditions of Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus É. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812) in Sokokembang Forest (Central Java, Indonesia) through distribution and food preferences
Figure 5. Percentage of canopy stratum utilization by Javan langurs in Sokokembang forest.
Data from: Food-sharing vampire bats are more nepotistic under conditions of perceived risk
Cooperative behaviors exist along a spectrum of cost, from no-risk scenarios of mutual benefit to self-sacrificing altruism. Hamilton's rule predicts that as risk increases, cooperative decisions should become increasingly kin-biased (nepotistic). To manipulate the perceived risks of regurgitated food sharing in captive vampire bats, we created a novel "rescue" condition, which required that donors leave their preferred roosting location, descend to an illuminated spot on the cage floor, and regurgitate food across cage bars to a trapped hungry bat. Vampire bats adapted their food sharing to this novel context, but with a dramatic reduction in the probability and amount of food sharing. Sixteen of 29 bats were fed by groupmates when trapped. All 15 starved bats that were tested in both trapped and free conditions received less food when trapped. Donations to trapped bats came from kin and nonkin, but subjects received a greater proportion of their food from closer relatives when trapped than when free. This finding supports the prediction that nepotistic biases should be exaggerated under dangerous conditions.
Data from: Food availability affects adult survival trajectories depending on early developmental conditions
Food availability modulates survival in interaction with (for example) competition, disease and predators, but to what extent food availability in natural populations affects survival independent of these factors is not well known. We tested the effect of food availability on lifespan and actuarial senescence in a large population of captive zebra finches by increasing the effort required to obtain food, reflecting natural contrasts in food availability. Food availability may not affect all individuals equally and we therefore created heterogeneity in phenotypic quality by raising birds with different numbers of siblings. Low food availability had no effect on lifespan for individuals from benign developmental conditions (raised in small broods), but shortened lifespan for individuals from harsh developmental conditions. The lifespan difference arose through higher baseline mortality rate of individuals from harsh developmental conditions, despite a decrease in the rate of actuarial senescence. We found no evidence for sex-specific environmental sensitivity, but females lived shorter than males due to increased actuarial senescence. Thus, low food availability by itself shortens lifespan, but only in individuals from harsh developmental conditions. Our food availability manipulation resembles dietary restriction as applied to invertebrates, where it extends lifespan in model organisms and we discuss possible reasons for the contrasting results.
Data from: Benefits of extra food to reproduction depend on maternal condition
The amount of food resources available to upper-level consumers can show marked variations in time and space, potentially resulting in food limitation. The availability of food resources during reproduction is a key factor modulating variation in reproductive success and life-history trade-offs, including patterns of resource allocation to reproduction vs. self-maintenance, ultimately impacting on population dynamics. Food provisioning experiments constitute a popular approach to assess the importance of food limitation for vertebrate reproduction. In this study of a mesopredatory avian species, the lesser kestrel (Falco naumanni), we provided extra food to breeding individuals from egg laying to early nestling rearing. Extra food did not significantly affect adult body condition or oxidative status. However, it increased the allocation of resources to flight feathers moult and induced females to lay heavier eggs. Concomitantly, it alleviated the costs of laying heavier eggs for females in poor body condition, and reduced their chances of nest desertion (implying complete reproductive failure). Extra food provisioning improved early nestling growth (body mass and feather development). Moreover, extra food significantly reduced the negative effects of ectoparasites on nestling body mass, while fostering forearm (a flight apparatus trait) growth among highly parasitized nestlings. Our results indicate that lesser kestrels invested the extra food mainly to improve current reproduction, suggesting that population growth in this species can be limited by food availability during the breeding season. In addition, extra food provisioning reduced the costs of the moult-breeding overlap and affected early growth trade-offs by mitigating detrimental ectoparasite effects on growth and enhancing development of the flight apparatus with high levels of parasitism. Importantly, our findings suggest that maternal condition is a major trait modulating the benefits of extra food to reproduction, whereby such benefits mostly accrue to low-quality females with poor body condition.
Data from: Forest disturbance and seasonal food availability influence a conditional seed dispersal mutualism
The interaction between granivorous scatter-hoarding mammals and plants is a conditional mutualism: scatter-hoarders consume seeds (acting as predators), but the movement of seed by scatter-hoarders may contribute to dispersal (acting as mutualists). Understanding the ecological factors that shape this relationship is highly relevant in anthropogenically disturbed tropical forests where large-bodied frugivores are extirpated. In such forests, large-seeded trees that once depended on these frugivores for dispersal may now only have scatter-hoarders as prospective dispersers. We studied Carapa oreophila (Meliaceae) in an Afromontane forest, to test the hypotheses that the proportion of seeds immediately consumed or hoarded (dispersed) would vary over a disturbance gradient. Temporal replication also afforded exploration of how habitat effects might vary with food availability. Using a Bayesian framework, we demonstrate that seeds were more likely to be hoarded in less disturbed forest, irrespective of temporal variation in food abundance. In contrast, forest disturbance only appeared to increase seed predation in temporal replicates that coincided with sustained food availability. These results highlight the potential variability in the dynamics between plants and scatter-hoarders over fine temporal scales, elucidating possible ecological scenarios where scatter-hoarders might act as mutualists (contributing positively to plant recruitment). Our study also fills important knowledge gaps about the importance of scatter-hoarders as dispersers in tropical forests depleted of large-bodied frugivores, particularly in Africa where scatter-hoarding mutualisms have not been extensively studied.
Single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single andmultiple dose escalation study to assess safety and tolerability and pharmacokinetics of HRX215 in healthy male volunteers under food and fasting conditions
<p><a name="_Hlk123284665"></a><a name="_Hlk135557103"></a><span><span>Diminished hepatocyte regeneration is a key feature of acute and chronic liver diseases and after extended liver resections, resulting in the inability to maintain or restore a sufficient functional liver mass. </span></span><span><span>Therapies to restore hepatocyte regeneration are lacking, making liver transplantation the only curative option for end stage liver disease. We here report on the structure-based development and characterization (NMR-spectroscopy) of first-in-class small molecule inhibitors of the dual specific kinase MKK4 (MKK4i). MKK4i increased liver regeneration upon hepatectomy in murine and porcine models, allowed for survival of pigs in a lethal 85% hepatectomy model and showed antisteatotic and antifibrotic effects in liver disease mouse models. A first-in-human phase I trial (EudraCT 2021-000193-28) with the clinical candidate HRX215 was conducted and revealed excellent safety and pharmacokinetics. Clinical trials to probe HRX215 for prevention/treatment of liver failure after extensive oncological liver resections or after transplantation of small grafts are warranted.</span></span></p>
Transfer efficiency of carbon, nutrients, and PUFAs in planktonic food webs under different environmental conditions
<p>We investigated the transfer of essential substances (carbon, nutrients, and polyunsaturated fatty acids) through plankton communities in 30 Polish lakes with different trophic status in the middle of summer. The results of our study revealed that different essential substances were transferred from phytoplankton to zooplankton with varying efficiencies. The average TTE of C, N, P, and the sum of ω-3 PUFA were 6.55%, 9.82%, 15.82%, 20.90%, respectively. Our results also show a large mismatch between the elemental and biochemical compositions of zooplankton and their food during the peak of the summer stagnation, which may further promote the accumulation of essential substances. There were also large differences in TTEs between trophic conditions, with the highest efficiencies in oligotrophic lakes and the lowest in dystrophic and eutrophic lakes. Therefore, our study indicates that disturbances like eutrophication and dystrophication similarly decrease the TTE of essential substances between phytoplankton and zooplankton in freshwater food webs.</p>
Survival under conditions of variable food availability: Resource utilization and storage in the cold‐water coral Lophelia pertusa
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Cold-water coral (CWC) reefs are hotspots of biodiversity and productivity in the deep sea, but their distribution is limited by the availability of food, which undergoes complex local and temporal variability. We studied the resource utilization, metabolism, and tissue storage of CWC Lophelia pertusa during an experimentally simulated 3-day food pulse, of 13C15N-enriched phytodetritus, followed by a 4-week food deprivation. Oxygen consumption (0.145 μmol O2 [mmol organic carbon {OC}]−1 h−1), release of particulate organic matter (0.029 μmol particulate organic carbon [POC] [mmol OC]−1 h−1 and 0.005 μmol particulate organic nitrogen [mmol OC]−1 h−1), ammonium excretion (0.004 μmol NH4 + [mmol OC]−1 h−1), tissue C and N content, and fatty acid (FA) and amino acid composition did not change significantly during the experiment. Metabolization of the labeled phytodetritus, however, underwent distinct temporal dynamics. Initially, L. pertusa preferentially used phytodetritus-derived C for respiration (2.2 0.36 nmol C [mmol OC]−1 h−1) and mucus production (0.94 0.52 nmol C [mmol OC]−1 h−1), but those tracer fluxes declined exponentially to <20% within 2 weeks after feeding and then remained stable, indicating that the remainder of the incorporated phytodetritus had entered a tissue pool with lower turnover. Analysis of 13C in individual FAs revealed a mismatch between the FAs incorporated from phytodetritus and the FA requirements of the coral.We suggest that feeding on other resources, such as lipid-rich zooplankton, could fill this deficiency. A release of 10% of their total OC as respired C and POC during the 4-week food deprivation underlines the importance of regular food pulses for CWC reefs. </p>
Natural History and Genetics of Food Allergy and Related Conditions
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02504853. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Food Supplementation Delivered Conditionally vs Not Among Patients With Heart Failure
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06115369. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Benefits of extra food to reproduction depend on maternal condition
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