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99 results for “food control”
Swiss public's acceptance and sustainability perceptions of food produced with chemical, digital and mechanical weed control measures and the influence of information source on technology perception in agriculture
<p><span>This data was obtained from an online survey conducted with the Swiss public from the two biggest language regions (German and French) in Switzerland. The survey was conducted in February 2023. Participants were recruited through a professional panel provider and quotas were used for age, gender and language region. The final sample contained </span><span>542 respondents. </span><span>In the first part of the survey, respondents provided basic sociodemographic information. In the second part, their sustainability perceptions regarding four different weed management practices (full-surface spraying, hoeing machine, spot spraying and precise spraying) were investigated. Respondents were then assigned to one of five information source groups, in which information on a hoeing and a milking robot was presented, using 5 different information sources (male/female farmer, male/female scientist, no source). Technology perception was assessed using several questions and aspects. Finally, respondents answered several questions assessing their attitudes towards the perception of farmers, food technology neophobia, chemophobia and the importance of naturalness. The survey can be used and adapted to different contents, aiming to investigate public perception of smart farming technologies and the influence of information sources on technology perception. </span></p>
BRAIN Journal-Evolving Spiking Neural Networks for Control of Artificial Creatures-Figure 15. Movements a typical successful creature to find food
<p>Figure 15 (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h) illustrates movements of a typical successful creature for finding one food object.</p> <p>We believe that this study can be a step forward in understanding the morphology of artificial creatures. Also this paper suggests more complex artificial life examination by adding different part to these networks similar to different segments of the brain such as: vision, locomotion, hippocampus and communication in a future work. Because of the different axonal conduction delay between every two neurons in the neural network of artificial creatures in this paper, our next study is to enhance the artificial lives by STDP learning.</p>
Fig. 1 in The effect of food source on survival and development of Lilioceris cheni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a biological control agent of air potato (Dioscoreales: Dioscoreaceae)
Fig. 1. Percentage survival (mean ± SE) of Lilioceris cheni from 3rd instar to adult when reared on leaves, brown bulbils, or tan bulbils of air potato.
Fresh Food Farmacy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03718832. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data for: Top-down control and species composition non-linearly influence the short-term response of experimental food webs to a nutrient pulse perturbation
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Legacy effect of grazing intensity mediates the bottom-up controls of resource addition on soil food webs
<p>1. Large-scale studies have demonstrated that nitrogen (N) and water (W) availability greatly affect terrestrial ecosystems worldwide, and this is especially true for the resource-poor semi-arid grasslands. Yet, experimental evidence is lacking for how N and W availability affect soil food webs across historical grazing intensity-altered environments at a local scale.</p> <p>2. Here, we included N- and W-addition treatments in an 8-year grazing experiment (with four grazing intensities) to determine how the legacy effects of grazing intensity mediate the responses of key components of soil food webs (plants, microorganisms, and nematodes) to resource addition in a semi-arid grassland.</p> <p>3. After 4 years of N- and W-addition treatments (with no grazing during that 4-year period), we found that a legacy of grazing, even light grazing, had significant negative effects on the components of plant community and soil food webs. Both N and W addition increased above- and below-ground plant biomass, especially under moderate and heavy grazing. N addition had negative effects on the biomass of bacteria under no grazing, while W addition increased the biomass of actinomycetes under light grazing. N addition decreased the abundance of omnivorous + carnivorous nematodes under light and heavy grazing, while W addition increased their abundance under heavy grazing. Overall, the effects of resource addition on soil food webs progressively decreased from the lowest trophic level (primary producers, i.e., plants), to intermediate tropic levels (microorganisms and root-feeding nematodes), to higher trophic levels (microbial-feeding nematodes and omnivorous + carnivorous nematodes).</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications. Our results, which are the first data concerning the effects of resource addition on key components of soil food webs across a historical grazing-induced environmental gradient, show that the strong bottom-up controls of resource addition on soil food webs are mediated by the legacy of grazing intensity. These finding should be useful for predicting the responses of grassland ecosystems to future climate change and suggest that the recovery of degraded grasslands will require more than restoration measure of resource inputs alone.</p>
Data: Survey of Implemented Mitigation Strategies and Further Needs of the United States Food Industry to Control COVID-19 in the Work Environment in Early 2021
<p>Data set related with the COVID-19 needs assessment study</p>
Asymmetric control mechanism yields food web complexity
<p>We compiled a large dataset of empirical food webs mainly from several sources listed below:<br>(i) [https://www.web-of-life.es/map.php?type=7](https://www.web-of-life.es/map.php?type=7)<br>(ii) Brose, U., Archambault, P., Barnes, A.D. et al. 2019. Predator traits determine food-web architecture across ecosystems. Nat Ecol Evol 3, 919–927. (URL: [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0899-x](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-019-0899-x))<br>(iii) Cohen, J. E., Briand, F., & Newman, C. M. (2012). Community food webs: data and theory (Vol. 20). Springer Science & Business Media. (URL: [https://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/cohen_joel_laboratory/1/](https://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/cohen_joel_laboratory/1/))</p> <p>This dataset includes 277 empirical food webs across the globe, with each trophic linking matrix listed in the file "Linking matrices" (.txt). We also specified the name of every species ID represented in each matrix (see the file "SpeciesID&SpeciesType" with .txt). In "Details for real food webs.xlsx", we described the geographic location, latitude, longitude and the corresponding reference for each empirical food web.</p> <p>Using these empirical food webs, we conducted a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for their multiple structural properties, including species richness (N), connectance (C), omnivory (O) and the maximal food chain length (FCLmax).</p>
MTNR1B SNP*Food Timing Interaction on Glucose Control
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03036592. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Protein Quality on Appetite Control, Reward-driven Eating, & Subsequent Food Intake
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02285907. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
iKanEat: A Randomized-controlled, Multi-center Trial of Megestrol for Chronic Oral Food Refusal in Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03815019. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Legacy effect of grazing intensity mediates the bottom-up controls of resource addition on soil food webs
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Data from: Pharyngeal mechanosensory neurons control food swallow in Drosophila melanogaster
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Large-scale multi-trophic co-response models and environmental control of pelagic food webs in Québec lakes
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Data from: Do differences in food web structure between organic and conventional farms affect the ecosystem service of pest control?
While many studies have demonstrated that organic farms support greater levels of biodiversity, it is not known whether this translates into better provision of ecosystem services. Here we use a food-web approach to analyse the community structure and function at the whole-farm scale. Quantitative food webs from 10 replicate pairs of organic and conventional farms showed that organic farms have significantly more species at three trophic levels (plant, herbivore and parasitoid) and significantly different network structure. Herbivores on organic farms were attacked by more parasitoid species on organic farms than on conventional farms. However, differences in network structure did not translate into differences in robustness to simulated species loss and we found no difference in percentage parasitism (natural pest control) across a variety of host species. Furthermore, a manipulative field experiment demonstrated that the higher species richness of parasitoids on the organic farms did not increase mortality of a novel herbivore used to bioassay ecosystem service. The explanation for these differences is likely to include inherent differences in management strategies and landscape structure between the two farming systems.
Data from: Assessing the effect of predator control on an endangered goose population subjected to predator-mediated food web dynamics
1. Assessing the effectiveness of conservation actions to halt population declines is challenging when confounded by other factors. We assessed whether culling of red fox, a predator currently increasing in the sub-Arctic, contributed to recent recovery of the critically endangered Fennoscandian population of Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus, while controlling for potentially confounding food web dynamics. 2. Using 19 years of data, 10 before and 9 after the implementation of annual red fox culling, we estimated the effect of this action on annual performance of the goose population. We corrected for the potentially confounding effects of cyclic rodent dynamics and semi-domestic reindeer carrion abundance, both of which are expected to trigger predator functional and numerical responses, as well as for annual variation in spring phenology. 3. Goose reproductive success fluctuated in synchrony with the rodent cycle and was negatively related to abundant carrion. When accounting for these aspects of food web dynamics, there was no evidence for an effect of red fox culling on reproductive success. There was, however, a tendency for fox culling to increase adult survival. 4. Our analysis suggests that goose performance in their breeding area is influenced by fluctuating offspring predation, mediated by mainly natural (rodents) and partly anthropogenic (semi-domestic reindeer) dynamic components of the food web. 5. Synthesis and applications. The effect of a decade-long red fox culling on goose reproductive success and survival is currently uncertain. This is despite the fact that predation drives reproductive success through changes in rodent and reindeer carrion abundance. New management actions may consist of regulation of reindeer herd sizes and/or removal of carcasses to reduce the subsidizing effect of reindeer carrion on mesopredators. Getting robust evidence regarding the impact of red fox culling on population recovery depends on continuing research to disentangle food web dynamics and efficiency of management actions.
Data from: Improving accuracy of DNA diet estimates using food tissue control materials and an evaluation of proxies for digestion bias
Ecologists are increasingly interested in quantifying consumer diets based on food DNA in dietary samples and high-throughput sequencing of marker genes. It is tempting to assume that food DNA sequence proportions recovered from diet samples are representative of consumer's diet proportions, despite the fact that captive feeding studies do not support that assumption. Here, we examine the idea of sequencing control materials of known composition along with dietary samples in order to correct for technical biases introduced during amplicon sequencing and biological biases such as variable gene copy number. Using the Ion Torrent PGM©, we sequenced prey DNA amplified from scats of captive harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) fed a constant diet including three fish species in known proportions. Alongside, we sequenced a prey tissue mix matching the seals' diet to generate tissue correction factors (TCFs). TCFs improved the diet estimates (based on sequence proportions) for all species and reduced the average estimate error from 28 ± 15% (uncorrected) to 14 ± 9% (TCF-corrected). The experimental design also allowed us to infer the magnitude of prey-specific digestion biases and calculate digestion correction factors (DCFs). The DCFs were compared with possible proxies for differential digestion (e.g. fish protein%, fish lipid%) revealing a strong relationship between the DCFs and percent lipid of the fish prey, suggesting prey-specific corrections based on lipid content would produce accurate diet estimates in this study system. These findings demonstrate the value of parallel sequencing of food tissue mixtures in diet studies and offer new directions for future research in quantitative DNA diet analysis.
Single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, single andmultiple dose escalation study to assess safety and tolerability and pharmacokinetics of HRX215 in healthy male volunteers under food and fasting conditions
<p><a name="_Hlk123284665"></a><a name="_Hlk135557103"></a><span><span>Diminished hepatocyte regeneration is a key feature of acute and chronic liver diseases and after extended liver resections, resulting in the inability to maintain or restore a sufficient functional liver mass. </span></span><span><span>Therapies to restore hepatocyte regeneration are lacking, making liver transplantation the only curative option for end stage liver disease. We here report on the structure-based development and characterization (NMR-spectroscopy) of first-in-class small molecule inhibitors of the dual specific kinase MKK4 (MKK4i). MKK4i increased liver regeneration upon hepatectomy in murine and porcine models, allowed for survival of pigs in a lethal 85% hepatectomy model and showed antisteatotic and antifibrotic effects in liver disease mouse models. A first-in-human phase I trial (EudraCT 2021-000193-28) with the clinical candidate HRX215 was conducted and revealed excellent safety and pharmacokinetics. Clinical trials to probe HRX215 for prevention/treatment of liver failure after extensive oncological liver resections or after transplantation of small grafts are warranted.</span></span></p>
Data from: Effectiveness of complementary food supplement and dietary counseling on anemia and stunting in children aged 6-23 months in poor areas in Qinghai Province, China: a controlled interventional study
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of dietary counseling and complementary food supplements on anemia and stunting prevalence in children aged 6-23 months. Design: A controlled intervention study with measurements of height and hemoglobin levels, and cross-sectional surveys in August 2012 (baseline) and 2013 and 2014 (end-line). Setting: One intervention and control county in rural Qinghai Province, China. Intervention: Complementary food supplements (containing protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin A, B1, B2, B12, D3, folic acid, iron, zinc, and calcium) and complementary feeding counseling were given in the intervention county. Participants: Caregivers and their children aged 6-23 months. Primary and secondary outcomes measures: The effect of the interventions on anemia (hemoglobin< 110g/L) and stunting (z-score of height-for-age< -2.0) prevalence(controlled for differences between the counties), and infant feeding practices. Results: The surveys were conducted among 1804, 2187, and 2186 child aged 6-23 months in the intervention county in August 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively, and 804, 680 and 790 children in the control county respectively. Between baseline and end-line, anemia prevalence decreased more in the intervention county compared to the control county (71.1% to 47.8% vs 86.3% to 75.3%, respectively; P<0.0001). There was no difference in the decrease in stunting prevalence between the counties (9.7% to 7.1% vs 17.0% to 15.0%; P=0.7954). The proportions of children given iron-rich or -fortified food, introduced (semi-) solid food at 6-8 months, and given food with minimum dietary diversity increased from 43.2% to 88.8% (P<0.0001), 81.4% to 96% (P=0.0470), and 53.0% to 59.8% (P<0.0001), respectively. Conclusions: We found much higher anemia prevalence in poor rural areas of Qinghai Province compared to national data. Community-based complementary food supplements combined with dietary counseling can improve feeding practices and reduce anemia prevalence. Future studies should use longer follow-up to assess the effects on stunting.
Species diversity and food web structure jointly shape natural biological control in agricultural landscapes
<p>Land-use change and agricultural intensification concurrently impact natural enemy (e.g., parasitoid) communities and their associated ecosystem services (ESs), i.e., biological pest control. However, the extent to which (on-farm) parasitoid diversity and food webs mediate landscape-level influences on biological control remains poorly understood. Here, drawing upon a 3-year study of quantitative parasitoid-hyperparasitoid trophic networks from 25 different agro-landscapes, we assess the cascading effects of landscape composition, species diversity and trophic network structure on ecosystem functionality (i.e., parasitism, hyperparasitism). Path analysis further reveals causality leading to the biological control of a resident crop pest, i.e., <i>Aphis gossypii</i>. Functionality is dictated by (hyper)parasitoid diversity, with its effects modulated by food web generality and vulnerability. Non-crop habitat cover directly benefits biological control, whereas secondary crop cover indirectly lowers hyperparasitism. Our work underscores a need to simultaneously account for on-farm biodiversity and trophic interactions when investigating ESs within dynamic agro-landscapes.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.