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35 results for “foraging success”
Data from: Tool use increases mechanical foraging success and tooth health in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)
<p>Although it is well documented that tool use can enable the utilization of novel resources, the fitness benefits associated with this innovative behavior are difficult to test. Using longitudinal data from 196 radio-tagged southern sea otters, we found that individuals, particularly females, with frequent tool use gained access to harder, larger prey items. In turn, the mechanical advantages of tool use during food processing translated to reduced tooth damage in tool users. We also found that tool use diminishes trade-offs between access to different prey types, tooth health, and caloric intake that are highly dependent on the relative availability of prey in the environment. Overall, tool use allows individuals to maintain caloric requirements through the processing of alternative prey that are otherwise inaccessible without the use of tools, indicating that this innovative behavior is a necessity for the survival of southern sea otters in environments with depleted preferred prey.</p>
Good vibrations: Remote-tactile foraging success of wading birds is positively affected by the water content of substrates they forage in
<p>Some taxa of wading birds can locate buried prey by detecting vibratory cues in their foraging substrates while probe-foraging, using a sensory modality called "remote-touch". As more saturated substrates transmit vibrations better, we predict that these birds can detect prey in wetter substrates more easily. We used sensory assays to test whether substrate water content affects the remote-touch foraging success rate of Hadeda Ibises, <em>Bostrychia hagedash</em>. The birds were more successful at locating prey using vibratory cues than when relying on random direct contact with the beak alone. Their remote-touch foraging success rate was positively affected by increasing water contents of the soil, but water content had no effect on their direct contact foraging success (indicating this is not an artefact of ease of probing). This may partially explain the link between the range expansion of this species in southern Africa and increased soil irrigation, as it is easier for the birds to detect prey in wetter substrates. Thus, it is likely that the distribution of other remote-touch foraging birds is affected by substrate water content, and as many of these species are endangered and rely on sensitive wetland habitats, it is vital to understand their sensory requirements for foraging.</p>
Fig. 3 in Laboratory evaluations of the foraging success of Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on flowers and extrafloral nectaries: potential use of nectar plants for conservation biological control of Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae)
Fig. 3. Choice of cups with either unscented sucrose solution or with bananascented sucrose solution made by Tamarixia radiata following a pre-test exposure to either 1.0 M sucrose solution or 1.0 M sucrose solution and banana flavor extract (G-test; ** = P ≤ 0.01; NS = not significant).
Fig. 1 in Laboratory evaluations of the foraging success of Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on flowers and extrafloral nectaries: potential use of nectar plants for conservation biological control of Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae)
Fig. 1. Diagrammatic representation of nectary architectures presented to Tamarixia radiata in foraging evaluations. Location of nectaries shown in red. A. Cy- athium of euphorbiaceous species with exposed nectaries. B. Partially exposed nectaries as found in buckwheat. C. Partially hidden nectaries as found in alyssum. D. Partially exposed nectaries covered with trichomes as found in marjoram. E. Hidden nectaries as found in composites. Drawings are only indicative of size and spatial relationships and are not to scale.
Fig. 2 in Laboratory evaluations of the foraging success of Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on flowers and extrafloral nectaries: potential use of nectar plants for conservation biological control of Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae)
Fig. 2. Mean (± SE) feeding time of Tamarixia radiata when presented with different concentrations of sugars commonly occurring in nectar (sucrose, fructose, glucose) and honeydew (melizitose, raffinose). Bars within the same concentration having different letters are different at P ≤ 0.05 (ANOVA).
Yelkouan shearwater (Puffinus yelkouan) Maltese Islands' colony differences in feather corticosterone, bulk stable isotopes, mercury concentration, adult breeding success and foraging strategies
<p>All data and scripts uploaded and described here are related to the manuscript being submitted under the title: "<span lang="EN-GB">Feather corticosterone and stable isotopes explain fledging and adult breeding success in a burrow-nesting seabird, the Yelkouan shearwater <em>Puffinus yelkouan</em>", accepted for publication in Marine Biology (doi: 10.1007/s00227-025-04748-8).</span></p> <h2><strong><u>Adult Breeding success </u></strong></h2> <p>In the script “YESH_Malta_BreedingSuccess_DSR_Rmark.R” apparent breeding success and daily nest survival rates are estimated for yelkouan shearwater nests in Maltese colonies based on the nest log data found in “BreedingSuccessSummaryData.zip”.</p> <h2><strong><u>Nestling and fledgling feather growth, corticosterone, stable isotopes and mercury</u></strong></h2> <p>The R script “YESH_FeatherGrowth_CORT_SI_Hg_chicks_Malta_Script.R” was written to load, combine and analyse all the data related to measurements of nestling growth, feather corticosterone, bulk stable isotopes and mercury analysis. The folder “YESH_FeatherGrowth_CORT_SI_Hg_chicks_Malta_Data.zip” contains the files with these data as named and loaded in the script. The folder also contains the original outputs from the corticosterone measurements by plate, including standard curves, provided in the subfolder: “CORT_Output_by_plate”. Original outputs as sent from the LIENs laboratory for stable isotopes and mercury can be found in the subfolder “SI_Hg_Outputs”.</p> <h2><strong><u>Adult shearwater tracking data analysis</u></strong></h2> <p>The R script written to analyse gps-logger data is named: “YESH_RM_MJ_ChickRearPeriod_ForagingStrategies.R”</p> <p>Adult yelkouan shearwater gps-logger tracking data during the chick-rearing period from the two colonies compared, Majjistral (MJ) and Rdum tal-Madonna (RM): “YESH_Malta_RM_MJ_ChickRearPeriod.csv”.</p> <p>Apart from the consolidated form the tracking data from the chick-rearing period can be found on BirdLife International Seabird Tracking Database:</p> <p>2012, 2013 & 2014: <a href="https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/836">https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/836</a></p> <p><a href="https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/837">https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/837</a></p> <p><a href="https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/952">https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/952</a></p> <p>2019: <a href="https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/1935">https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/1935</a></p> <p>2021: https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/2223</p> <p>https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/2224</p> <p>2022: <a href="https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/1855">https://data.seabirdtracking.org/dataset/1855</a> </p> <p>“TRACKID_2012_2022_DIAGNOSTICSV3.csv” describes the completeness of tracks based on visual assessment and is loaded during the running of the script.</p> <p>Output shapefiles produced by running the script are provided in the folder: “YESH_RM_MJ_ShapefileOutputs_KDE.zip”.</p> <h2>Acknowledgements and Funding</h2> <p>We are grateful to the German Ornithologists’ Society through which all laboratory analysis was funded with funds from the Ursula Honig estate. Tracking was funded under EU-LIFE+ Malta Seabird Project (LIFE10NAT/MT/090), EU-LIFE Artina (LIFE17 NAT/HR/000594) and EU-LIFE PanPuffinus! (LIFE19 NAT/MT/000982), co-financed respectively by the Maltese Ministry for Sustainable Development, the Environment and Climate Change; Ministry of Education and Employment and Ministry for Agriculture, Fisheries and Animal Rights. All handling and sampling of shearwaters were carried out under permits from the Environment & Resources Authority (ERA) and the Wild Birds Regulation Unit (WBRU). We thank all staff and volunteers of BirdLife Malta having taken part in fieldwork, and all members of the public who contact us for grounded shearwaters. We are grateful to Gaël Guillou of the platform “Analyses isotopiques” for running the stable isotope analyses and to Maud Brault-Favrou of the platform “Analyses élémentaires” for running Hg analyses, both at the LIENSs laboratory. Thanks are due to the CPER (Contrat de Projet Etat-Région) and the FEDER (Fonds Européen de Développement Régional) for funding the AMA and the IRMS of LIENSs. Contributor PB is an honorary member of the IUF (Institut Universitaire de France). </p>
Good vibrations: Remote-tactile foraging success of wading birds is positively affected by the water content of substrates they forage in
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Data and code for: A delayed response in the area-concentrated search can improve foraging success
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Data from: Tool use increases mechanical foraging success and tooth health in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis)
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Data From: Effects of disease on foraging behaviour and success in an individual free-ranging northern elephant seal
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Data from: Site fidelity increases reproductive success by increasing foraging efficiency in a marine predator
<p>Seabirds must find food efficiently in the dynamic ocean environment to succeed at raising chicks. In theory, site familiarity, gained by prior experience in a place, should increase foraging efficiency when prey is predictable, and translate into increased reproductive success, though this is difficult to test empirically. To address this, we examined foraging-site fidelity in Magellanic penguins, <em>Spheniscus magellanicus, </em>using movement data from 180 individuals tracked during 23 breeding seasons when penguins make repeated trips from their colony to feed chicks. We tested whether chlorophyll-a concentration, as a proxy for ocean productivity, affects foraging-site fidelity. We then tested whether foraging-site fidelity affects foraging efficiency and reproductive success. Mean foraging-site fidelity was higher in years with higher ocean productivity, when fronts had stronger gradients in temperature and chlorophyll, and prey was likely more predictable. When returning to previously visited foraging sites, penguins arrived and returned faster than predicted for a trip of a given distance, leading to lower mean trip durations and more frequent trips in penguins with high site fidelity. Increased foraging efficiency and chick-feeding frequency in turn led to increased chick survival. Our study reveals that foraging efficiency is a key mechanism linking foraging-site fidelity and reproductive success.</p>
Seascapes and foraging success: movement and resource discovery by a benthic marine herbivore
<p>1. Spatially concentrated resources result in patch-based foraging, wherein the detection and choice of patches as well as the process of locating and exploiting resource patches involve moving through an explicit landscape composed of both resources and barriers to movement. An understanding of behavioural responses to resources and barriers is key to interpreting observed ecological patterns.</p> <p>2. We examined the process of resource discovery in the context of a heterogeneous seascape using sea urchins and drift kelp in urchin barrens as a model system. Under field conditions, we manipulated both the presence of a highly valuable resource (drift kelp) and a barrier to movement (sandy substratum) to test the interacting influence of these two factors on the process of resource discovery in barren grounds by urchins. We removed all foraging urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) from replicate areas and monitored urchin recolonization and kelp consumption. We tested two hypotheses: 1) unstable substratum is a barrier to urchin movement and 2) the movement behaviour of sea urchins is modified by the presence of drift kelp.</p> <p>3. Very few urchins were found on sand, sand was a permeable barrier to urchin movement, and the permeability of this barrier varied between sites. In general, partial recolonization occurred strikingly rapidly, but sand slowed the consumption of drift kelp by limiting the number of urchins. Differences in the permeability of sand barriers between sites could be driven by differences in the size structure of urchin populations, indicating size-specific environmental effects on foraging behaviour.</p> <p>4. We demonstrate the influence of patchy seascapes in modulating grazing intensity in barren grounds through modifications of foraging behaviour. Behavioural processes modified by environmental barriers play an important role in determining grazing pressure, the existence of refuges for new algal recruits, and ultimately the dynamics of urchin-algal interactions in barren grounds.</p>
Does sentinel presence improve foraging success? A study in a cooperative breeder
<p>In various cooperative breeding species, a group member often sentinels from a prominent position that enables early detection of approaching predators and then utters alarm calls to which the other group members react immediately. We tested in the cooperatively breeding Arabian babbler (<em>Argya squamiceps</em>), whether in the presence of a sentinel the other group members forage for longer or more effectively. In natural observations, at different distances from the shelter and in different group sizes, we found no effect of sentinel presence on foraging time. Likewise, in a giving-up density (GUD) experiment with artificial food patches containing mealworms at each of three different distances from the shelter, fewer mealworms were consumed further from the shelter, irrespective of whether a sentinel was present or not during foraging. While foragers react to a sentinel's alarm calls when a predator approaches, our findings indicate that Arabian babbler foragers do not improve their foraging efficiency due to the sentinel's presence. Combined with previous studies on the Arabian babbler, these findings reinforce the conclusion that in this species the sentinel is 'selfish' and benefits from early detection of predators. These results contrast with those from other cooperative breeders in which sentinels utter calming calls and foraging efficiency increases when sentinels are present. We, therefore, suggest that similar sentinel behaviour may serve different sentinel systems and functions in different cooperative breeders.</p>
Males miss and females forgo: auditory masking from vessel noise impairs foraging efficiency and success in killer whales - CALIBRATED MOVEMENT DATA AND VARIABLES SUPPORTING ANALYSES
<p><strong>Description of the data and file structure<br></strong>This record contains data from animal-borne biologging instruments (Dtags) temporarily affixed to fish-eating killer whales, supporting the analyses presented in the following article:</p> <p> Tennessen. J.B., Holt, M.M., Wright, B.M., Hanson, M.B., Emmons, C.K., Giles, D.A., Hogan, J.T., Thornton, S.J., Deecke, V.B. 2024. Males miss and females forgo: auditory masking from vessel noise impairs foraging efficiency and success in killer whales. <em>Global Change Biology</em>.<strong> </strong>In press.</p> <p>The data include the following: (1) calibrated movement data from analyzed Dtag deployments, and (2) a spreadsheet containing the variables included in the fully-saturated and final models listed in Table 2 in the article cited above. All methodological details necessary to contextualize analysis procedures are provided in the methods section of the article. The following data files are available under separate DOIs: 10.5281/zenodo.13333019 - all 2009 & 2010 audio data; 10.5281/zenodo.13328931 - all 2011 & 2014 audio data.</p> <p>These data are provided by NOAA Fisheries' Northwest Fisheries Science Center, and Fisheries and Oceans Canada, to support reproducibility of all statistical analyses presented in the article. Please cite your usage of our data. For inquiries about data use, or for general questions, please contact Dr. Jennifer B. Tennessen, at jtenness@uw.edu.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Description of the movement data files<br></strong>The movement files have been calibrated from the raw data and are ready to use. The files contain the .mat extension, and need to be opened using Matlab and the tagtools tool kit available at https://github.com/animaltags . Tutorials for working with the toolkit are available at animaltags.org . These files contain several vector and matrix variables. We define those used in our analyses below. For questions about how to work with these files, please contact Dr. Jennifer B. Tennessen, at jtenness@uw.edu.</p> <p>Aw: calibrated triaxial accelerometer data (converted from tag frame to whale frame)</p> <p>fs: sample rate (50 Hz)</p> <p>head: animal's circular heading (rotation about the dorsal-ventral axis, in radians)</p> <p>Mw: calibrated triaxial magnetometer data (converted from tag frame to whale frame)</p> <p>p: depth (in meters)</p> <p>pitch: animal's pitch (rotation about the left-right axis, in radians)</p> <p>roll: animal's roll (rotation about the anterior-posterior axis, in radians)</p> <p>tempr: temperature recorded on tag (in Celsius)</p> <p>TT: time cues for the start and end of every analyzed dive within a deployment. This matrix contains 6 columns:<br>-col 1: start cue (in sec)<br>-col 2: end cue (in sec)<br>-col 3: maximum depth of dive (m)<br>-col 4: time cue at max depth (in sec)<br>-col 5: mean depth (m)<br>-col 6: mean compression</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Description of the analyzed variables<br></strong>The data are provided column-wise in a spreadsheet, whereby each column contains one of several variables used to build the corresponding models listed in Table 2 in the above article. Model details are provided in the above article, including the statistical packages needed to run the models. </p> <p><em>The following is a list of variable names (column headers) and their corresponding definitions:<br></em><strong>bzsounds:</strong> binary presence (1)/absence (0) of buzz bouts within a dive. Buzzing is defined as the occurrence of echolocation clicks with an inter-click interval < 11 ms<br><strong>code:</strong> categorical identifier of the numerical week of year in which the tag was deployed (e.g., week 33 of 2009 is different than week 33 of 2011)<br><strong>deployment:</strong> the event whereby a tag was affixed to an individual killer whale and data were collected via tag sensors; each deployment was assigned a unique deployment ID, consisting of the first letter of the Genus and species names (“oo” for Orcinus orca), followed by two digits corresponding to the year (“09” = 2009), followed by the Julian day of the year (e.g. “234”), followed by a letter indicating the deployment order of the day. NRKW deployments were assigned a through l, and SRKW deployments were assigned m through z (e.g. “a” = first deployment of the day for NRKW, “m” = first deployment of the day for SRKW)<br><strong>durwho: </strong>duration of a whole dive, in seconds. Dives were defined as all departures from the surface, to at least 1 m or deeper, followed by a return to within 0.5 m of the surface<br><strong>divenum: c</strong>hronological identifier for dive position within a deployment (e.g., for the 10<sup>th</sup> dive within a deployment, divenum = 10)<br><strong>kindet: </strong>binary presence (1)/absence (0) of a prey capture event within a dive. Prey capture was informed by the occurrence of stereotyped movement signatures in sensor data indicative of prey capture, following an established method validated with visual and acoustic confirmation of predation events. Prey capture is defined as the occurrence of three movement variables indicative of prey capture (peak jerk, roll and heading variance) each exceeding pre-determined thresholds (see Tennessen et al. 2019b in above article for details)<br><strong>maxdep:</strong> maximum depth of a dive, in meters<br><strong>NLmax: </strong>the maximum noise level received during a dive, measured as the root-mean-square sound pressure level (dB re 1 mPa) within one second bins over the 15-45 kHz frequency band<br><strong>population:</strong> population to which the tagged whale belongs (NRKW = Northern Resident killer whale; SRKW = Southern Resident killer whale)<br><strong>sex:</strong> sex of tagged whale (F = female, M = male, NA = unknown)<br><strong>sc:</strong> binary presence (1)/absence (0) of slow-click sounds within a dive. Slow-clicking is defined as the occurrence of echolocation clicks with an inter-click interval >100 ms<br><strong>tagID:</strong> identifier for the individual tag used for each deployment<br><strong>year:</strong> year of deployment</p>
Data from: Reproductive success is energetically linked to foraging efficiency in Antarctic fur seals
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Seascapes and foraging success: movement and resource discovery by a benthic marine herbivore
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Data from: Site fidelity increases reproductive success by increasing foraging efficiency in a marine predator
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Behavior of brown bears foraging on sockeye salmon in Lake Aleknagik, Alaska (foraging tactics and success)
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Does sentinel presence improve foraging success? A study in a cooperative breeder
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Data from: Crossing the line: tunas actively exploit submesoscale fronts to enhance foraging success
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