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zenodo48/100

Dataset for paper: A Systematic Literature Review and Recommendations for Ontology-based Support of Digital Forensics

<p>PLEASE, READ THE README.TXT FILE</p> <p>This document describes how to interpret the data and metadata files, and it is licensed under Creative Commons CC BY-NC-AS (https://creativecommons.org/licenses).</p> <p>The file &quot;primary_studies_final_set-DATA.csv&quot; is a CSV file format and contains the raw data extracted from our systematic literature review primary studies. Such data were extracted based on the research questions defined for our study.<br> The file &quot;primary_studies_final_set-METADATA.csv&quot; is a CSV file format and contains the following:<br> - the first row contains two pieces of information: the data type, which might be original or reused;<br> - the second row contains the reused data URL/DOI, which should inform the URL or DOI from which the data was reused, or n/a if the data is original;<br> - the third row contains the date of data generation in the format mm/dd/yyyy;<br> - the fourth row contains 11 elements describing each of the fields of the file &quot;primary_studies_final_set-DATA.csv&quot;: the study ID, title, objective, six research questions, and an observation field; and<br> - the fifth row describes the data type of each field of the file &quot;primary_studies_final_set-DATA.csv&quot;.<br> The .bib files contain the bibtex entry for the final set of studies.<br> The license.txt file describes the Creative Commons license for this material.</p> <p>We hope you have an excellent read!!</p> <p>Cheers!<br> Thiago, Edson, and Avelino</p>

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →
zenodo44/100

Open database to support forensic investigation of disasters in South East Asia: FORINSEA v1.0

<p>Forensic investigation of disasters (FORIN) is a conceptual framework and research guide that focuses on the investigation of root causes of disaster risk and occurrence. Underlying the FORIN conceptual framework is the understanding that historical processes, operating asynchronously at different spatial and temporal scales, configure the specific circumstances in which disasters occur. An objective of FORIN research is to accumulate lessons and experience in a systematic way that can lead to improved choices in the future. FORINSEA aims to support this objective by providing an open database suitable to FORIN enquiries in South East Asia region. FORINSEA1.0 provides a comprehensive and coherent historical record of disasters, from 1945 until 2020, socio-economic policies and development of key infrastructure at the hydrological catchments of the Red River Delta in Vietnam and the Marikina river basin in the Philippines. The FORINSEA1.0 dataset allows researchers, for the first time, to explore and make use of geocoded data on major disasters affecting the two large and rapidly expanding cities of Hanoi and Metro Manila and their catchment areas.</p>

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2022View details →
zenodo44/100

Firemaker image collection for benchmarking forensic writer identification using image-based pattern recognition

<p>Disclaimer and terms of use:<br> ============================</p> <p>/*****************************************************************************\<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; This is the Firemaker NFI-images Distribution &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; This distribution contains 1000 images of scanned handwritten text, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; scanned at resolution 300dpi grey scale, containing pages of &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;*<br> * &nbsp; handwritten text by 250 writers, four pages per writer, from four &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; writing conditions, one condition per page. The conditions are: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; p1: copied, natural style, p2: copied, UPPER case, p3: copied and forged, *<br> * &nbsp; i.e.,&quot;try to write in a different style than your natural style&quot;, and p4, *<br> * &nbsp; self generated, i.e., text produced to describe a given cartoon. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;*<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; Copyright The International Unipen Foundation, 2000, All rights reserved &nbsp;*<br> *******************************************************************************<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp;DISCLAIMER AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE FOR ALL DATA CONTAINED ON THIS CDROM: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;*<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp;1) PERMISSION IS HEREBY GRANTED TO USE THE DATA FOR RESEARCH &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; PURPOSES. IT IS NOT ALLOWED TO DISTRIBUTE THIS DATA FOR COMMERCIAL &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;*<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; PURPOSES. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp;2) PROVIDER GIVES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ANY KIND AND ANY &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR PURPOSE ARE &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; DISCLAIMED. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp;3) PROVIDER SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF ANY USE OF THIS &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;*<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; DATA. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp;4) THE USER SHOULD REFER TO THE FIRST PUBLIC ARTICLE ON THIS DATA SET: &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; M. Bulacu, L. Schomaker &amp; L. Vuurpijl (2003). &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; Writer identification using edge-based directional features. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;*<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; ICDAR &#39;03: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Document &nbsp;*<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; Analysis and Recognition, pp. 937-941. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;*<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; Piscataway: IEEE Computer, ISBN 0-7695-1960-1 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp;5) THE RECIPIENT SHOULD REFRAIN FROM PROLIFERATING THE DATA SET TO THIRD &nbsp; *<br> * &nbsp;PARTIES EXTERNAL TO HIS/HER LOCAL RESEARCH GROUP. PLEASE REFER INTERESTED &nbsp;*<br> * &nbsp;RESEARCHERS TO HTTP://UNIPEN.ORG FOR OBTAINING THEIR OWN COPY. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; *<br> \*****************************************************************************/</p> <p>BibTeX entry: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp; @inproceedings{Firemaker, &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<br> &nbsp; &nbsp; author = {Bulacu, M. and Schomaker, L.R.B. and Vuurpijl, L.}, &nbsp; &nbsp;<br> &nbsp; &nbsp; title = {Writer Identification Using Edge-Based Directional Features},<br> &nbsp; &nbsp; booktitle = {ICDAR &#39;03: Proceedings of the 7th International&nbsp;<br> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition},<br> &nbsp; &nbsp; year = {2003},<br> &nbsp; &nbsp; isbn = {0-7695-1960-1},<br> &nbsp; &nbsp; pages = {937-941},<br> &nbsp; &nbsp; publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},<br> &nbsp; &nbsp; address = {Washington, DC, USA},<br> &nbsp; &nbsp;}</p> <p>In the project &quot;Vergelijk&quot;, a grant obtained from the Dutch Forensic Science<br> Institute, two existing professional writer-identification systems have been&nbsp;<br> compared regarding usability studies and in particular recognition&nbsp;<br> performance (Schomaker &amp; Vuurpijl, 2000). The results of this comparison&nbsp;<br> are contained in a confidential report:</p> <p>&nbsp; L.R.B. Schomaker and L.G. Vuurpijl (2000).&nbsp;<br> &nbsp; Forensic writer identification: A benchmark data set&nbsp;<br> &nbsp; and a comparison of two systems. Technical report,&nbsp;<br> &nbsp; Nijmegen Institute for Cognition and Information (NICI),&nbsp;<br> &nbsp; University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.</p> <p>Informative and non-confidential details from this report are&nbsp;<br> given in the accompanying file: &nbsp;&#39;firemaker-dbase.pdf&#39;</p> <p>To compare both systems, a carefully designed experiment was conducted to<br> record handwritten samples from male and female writers in several conditions:</p> <p>Condition 1: Normal constrained handwriting<br> ==============================================</p> <p>Below, the Dutch text writers had to produce in normal handwriting is given.&nbsp;</p> <p>--- start text ----<br> Zij bezochten veilingen en reisden met de KLM. Voor<br> korte afstanden huurden ze een auto, meestal een VW<br> of een Ford.<br> &lt;EMPTY LINE&gt;<br> De veilingen waren van 7-4-1993 tot 3-5-1993 in New<br> York, Tokyo, Qu&eacute;bec, Rome, Parijs, Z&uuml;rich en Oslo.<br> &lt;EMPTY LINE&gt;<br> Omdat de veilingen steeds begonnen om 12 uur en je<br> gemiddeld 200 tot 300 kilometer moest rijden,<br> stonden zij steeds om 6.30 uur op en vertrokken om<br> 8 uur uit het hotel.<br> &lt;EMPTY LINE&gt;<br> Elke dag hadden ze vijfhonderd (f 500,-) gulden<br> nodig. Daarvoor gebruikten ze elke keer een cheque<br> van tweehonderd (f 200,-) en een cheque van<br> driehonderd (f 300,-) gulden. Aan geschenken gaven<br> ze ongeveer honderd gulden (f 100,-) uit.<br> --- end text ----</p> <p><br> Condition 2: Production of constrained block capital handwriting<br> ================================================================</p> <p>In this condition, the writers had to produce the following text<br> in block-capital handwriting:</p> <p>--- start text ----<br> NADAT ZE IN NEW YORK, TOKYO, QU&Eacute;BEC, PARIJS, Z&Uuml;RICH<br> EN OSLO WAREN GEWEEST, VLOGEN ZE UIT DE USA TERUG<br> MET VLUCHT KL 658 OM 12 UUR.<br> &lt;empty line&gt;<br> ZE KWAMEN AAN IN DUBLIN OM 7 UUR EN IN AMSTERDAM OM<br> 9.40 UUR &#39;S AVONDS. DE FIAT VAN BOB EN DE VW VAN<br> DAVID STONDEN IN R3 VAN HET PARKEERTERREIN.<br> HIERVOOR MOESTEN ZE HONDERD GULDEN (F 100,-)<br> BETALEN.<br> --- end text ----</p> <p><br> Condition 3: Production of free-forged handwriting<br> ==================================================</p> <p>Below, the text writers had to produce in the free-forged handwriting<br> condition is given. No example of handwriting is given which they have to<br> mimick (forge), the condition concerns a self-conceived distorted&nbsp;<br> handwriting style.</p> <p>--- start text ----<br> Nog dezelfde avond reden ze naar hun vrienden<br> Chris, Emile, Jan, Irene en Henk, nadat ze hun<br> vriendinnen Greta en Maria hadden opgehaald.<br> &lt;EMPTY LINE&gt;<br> Samen hadden ze vijfhonderd (500) zeldzame<br> postzegels gekocht, Bob driehonderd (300) en David<br> tweehonderd (200).<br> &lt;EMPTY LINE&gt;<br> De reis was de moeite waard geweest.<br> --- end text ----</p> <p><br> Condition 4: Production of unconstrained handwriting<br> ====================================================</p> <p>The final text writers had to produce is unconstrained handwriting.<br> The cartoon, a series of pictures concerning a &#39;UFO&#39; landing had<br> to be described in their own words, in at least six lines of text.<br> See image file &quot;space.gif&quot;.</p> <p><br> Thruth labels and writer identifications<br> ========================================</p> <p>Each writer has a unique id, specified as:</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp;id: &nbsp; {num}{set}<br> &nbsp; num: &nbsp; a three-digit number<br> &nbsp;set: &nbsp; &nbsp;either 01, 02, 03 or 04, identifying one of the 4 experiments</p> <p>The vast majority of the writers producing sets 01, 02 and 03 mimicked the<br> content and layout (empty lines) of the constrained texts they had to copy<br> sufficiently accurately, such that the example texts are a good indication of<br> the contents. However, as set 04 (&quot;describe cartoon story&quot;) &nbsp;contains<br> unconstrained self-generated handwriting, the corresponding thruth &nbsp;labels had<br> to be extracted manually. The resulting label files are contained in &nbsp;the<br> directory ./300dpi/p4-self-natural/labels/</p> <p>Note: no letter, word, line or paragraph segmentation is provided with this<br> data set. The main text can be cropped easily. Since the orientation is<br> horizontal, projection techniques can be used to extract lines, using<br> a line-spacing parameter (~94 pixels line height) as an additional check.&nbsp;</p> <p><br> Overview of directories:</p> <p>300dpi/<br> &nbsp; &nbsp;p1-copy-normal/ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Copying task, normal writing style &nbsp;<br> &nbsp; &nbsp;p2-copy-upper/ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Copying task, UPPER-case&nbsp;<br> &nbsp; &nbsp;p3-copy-forged/ &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Copying task, instructed to mimic another script style<br> &nbsp; &nbsp;p4-self-natural/ &nbsp; &nbsp; Self-generated text, natural writing condition</p> <p>Note: the original raw collection contained writer #155, who has been removed<br> from this data set, as his first condition (p1) was started in upper case and<br> the page was not &nbsp;completed. Deleted files were 15501.tif, 15502.tif, 15503.tif<br> and 15504.tif.</p> <p>Note: the name of this data set (Firemaker) is a contraction of the names<br> Vuurpijl and Schomaker.</p> <p>Note b: Example of a cutout of essential handwritten text using NetPBM tools: &nbsp;<br> &nbsp;tifftopnm 15201.tif | pnmcut -left 50 -right 2400 -top 700 -bottom 3250 &gt; handwriting.pgm</p> <p>&nbsp;For an experiment, the upper and lower halves of the resulting image were<br> &nbsp;usually used in the Schomaker &amp; Bulacu studies to obtain two samples of&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;handwriting for a writer.</p> <p>&nbsp;http://www.ai.rug.nl/~lambert<br> &nbsp;http://www.ai.rug.nl/~bulacu</p> <p>Our features for writer identification:</p> <p>Lambert Schomaker<br> &nbsp;http://www.ai.rug.nl/~lambert/allographic-fraglet-codebooks/allographic-fraglet-codebooks.html<br> &nbsp;L. Schomaker &amp; M. Bulacu (2004).&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;Automatic writer identification using connected-component contours and edge-based features of upper-case Western script.&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol 26(6), June 2004, pp. 787 - 798.</p> <p>Marius Bulacu<br> &nbsp;http://www.ai.rug.nl/~lambert/hinge/hinge-transform.html<br> &nbsp;Bulacu, M. &amp; Schomaker, L.R.B. (2007).&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;Text-independent Writer Identification and Verification Using Textural and Allographic Features,&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (PAMI), Special Issue - Biometrics: Progress and Directions, April, 29(4), p. 701-717.</p> <p>Axel Brink<br> &nbsp;http://www.ai.rug.nl/~axel/ &nbsp;&#39;Quill&#39; feature<br> &nbsp;A.A. Brink, J. Smit, M.L. Bulacu, and L.R.B. Schomaker (2011).&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;Writer identification using directional ink-trace width measurements,&nbsp;<br> &nbsp;Pattern Recognition (July 2011), doi: 10.1016/j.patcog.2011.07.005<br> &nbsp;<br> These three feature groups (hinge, fraglets, quill) have been combined in<br> a single MS Windows application, GIWIS which is available for scientific<br> use upon request (schomaker@ai.rug.nl)</p> <p>Note c.</p> <p>The accompanying file &#39;Firemaker-writer-info.dat&#39; contains some<br> writer information:&nbsp;<br> Column 1: writer identification code<br> Column 2: sex<br> Column 3: handedness,&nbsp;<br> Column 4: age in years<br> Column 5: major Western script group (print,cursive or mixed)<br> &nbsp;</p>

opencc-by-4.0Dec 1999View details →
zenodo40/100

Malicious Forensic Texts Corpus

<p>The Malicious Forensic Texts (MFT) corpus is a corpus of authentic malicious forensic texts that has been compiled in order to study their register variation.</p>

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2020View details →
zenodo40/100

Forensic Exchange Analysis of Contact Artifacts on Data Hiding Timestamps-ADS Experiment Supplementary Files

<p>Da-Yu Kao is an Associate Professor at the Department of Information Management, Central Police University, Taiwan. He was a detective and forensic police officer at Taiwan&#39;s Criminal Investigation Bureau (under the National Police Administration). With a Master&#39;s degree in Information Management and a Ph.D. degree in Crime Prevention and Correction, he had led several investigations in cooperation with police agencies from other countries for the past 20 years. He is now the director of Computer Crime Investigation Lab at Central Police University and the webmaster of Cybercrime Investigation and Digital Forensics in the Facebook Group.</p>

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2020View details →
zenodo40/100

European Study on Risk Factors for Violence in Mental Disorder and Forensic Care: a multicentre project. The EU-Viormed Dataset

<p>The aims of this project, through a series of interlinked work packages, designed by researchers and practicing clinicians, and lead by an experienced management team, is to explore and map these differences, test new risk assessment tools and identify and share best practice where it exists. It aims are fourfold. Firstly to describe forensic psychiatry services as they exist today in 2017 across the European Union. Secondly to identify risk factors for violence in a unique international forensic sample and thirdly to test for the very first time in a related EU sample two contrasting methods of violence risk assessment. Finally it explored what works for these often marginalised patients, their families and their carers, at an operational, clinical and ethical level.<br> These aims were achieved through two studies designs:<br> Study 1: case-control retrospective design in which forensic patients with Schizophrenia<br> Spectrum Disorders (SSDs) who have a history of interpersonal violence and live in forensic<br> units will be compared to non-violent patients with SSDs living in the community.<br> Study 2: prospective cohort study, with 6 and 12 month follow-up, to test the predictive validity<br> of the leading structured professional clinical judgement guide for violence prediction, the<br> HCR-20v3, the Forensic Psychiatry and Violence Tool (FoVOx) and the Mental Illness and<br> Suicide Tool (OXMIS, https://oxrisk.com/)</p>

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →
zenodo40/100

Dataset for Review and Agenda of Digital Forensics Education and Training

<p>This repository has four .bib files encompassing 49 primary study entries, and one .CSV file with data extracted from such studies.</p> <p><strong>The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Technology in Forensic Sciences project (Instituto Nacional de Ci&ecirc;ncia e Tecnologia em Ci&ecirc;ncias Forenses - \textbf{INCT Forense}, Grant \#465450/2014-8) for funding this work.&nbsp;</strong></p> <p><strong>We also thank the \textbf{Arauc&aacute;ria Funding Agency of Paran&aacute;} for their financial and institutional support, as well as \textbf{NAPI - Public Security and Forensic Science} for research funding (Grant \#22.632.926-9). &nbsp;</strong></p> <p><strong>This work is also supported by CAPES Pro-Defesa (Grant \# V3084362P).</strong></p> <p><strong>Avelino Zorzo thanks \textbf{CNPq/Brazil} Grant \#306250/2021-7.&nbsp;</strong></p> <p><strong>Edson OliveiraJr thanks \textbf{CNPq/Brazil} Grant \#311503/2022-5.&nbsp;</strong></p>

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →
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Figure 1 in First record of Poecilochirus necrophori (Acari: Mesostigmata: Parasitidae) from Turkey and its importance in forensic acarology

Figure 1. Poecilochirus necrophori (Deutonymph) A. Dorsal viewl, B. Ventral view (scale bars = 500 µm), C. Sclerotized transverse sternal bands (scale bar = 50 µm), D. Cheliceral digitus fixus (scale bar = 40 µm).

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →
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Figure 2 in First record of Poecilochirus necrophori (Acari: Mesostigmata: Parasitidae) from Turkey and its importance in forensic acarology

Figure 2. Poecilochirus necrophori (Deutonymph) on its phoront Nicrophorus vespillo (from the marten (Martes sp.) carcass).

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →
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Automated Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Complex Forensic Drug Samples using 1H NMR

<p>Dataset to accompany the manuscript &quot;Automated Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Complex Forensic Drug Samples using <sup>1</sup>H NMR&quot;</p>

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →
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Data from: Treated like dirt: Robust forensic and ecological inferences from soil eDNA after challenging sample storage

<p>We investigated the effect of storage duration and conditions on the assessment of the soil biota with eDNA metabarcoding. We extracted eDNA from freshly collected soil samples and again from the same samples after storage under contrasting temperature conditions and contrasting exposure (open/closed tubes). We used four different primer sets targeting bacteria, fungi, protists (cercozoans), and general eukaryotes. <span>W</span>e quantified differences in richness, evenness, and community composition. Subsequently, we tested whether we could correctly infer habitat type and original sample identity after storage using a large reference dataset.</p> <p>This repository contains the un-demultiplexed fastq sequences.</p>

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →
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Fig. 2 in Species identification of Middle Eastern blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of forensic importance

Fig. 2 The Middle Eastern blowflies of forensic importance. a Ch. putoria, anterior part of body, dorsal view. b Ch. putoria, distal part of female abdomen, postero-dorsal view. c Ch. albiceps, anterior part of body, dorsal view. d Ch. albiceps, distal part of female abdomen, posterodorsal view. e Ch. albiceps, head, antennae. f Ch. rufifacies, head, antennae. g Ch. rufifacies, anterior part of thorax, lateral view. h P. terraenovae, thorax, lateral view. i C. mortuorum, thorax, dorsal view. j C. mortuorum, posterior part of abdomen, male genital apparatus. k C. vicina, thorax, dorsal view. l C. vicina, head, lateral view. m C. vomitoria, head, lateral view. n H. pulchra, posterior part of thorax, lateral view. o H. ligurriens, head, antennae. p H. pulchra, head, antennae. acr set acrostichal setae, ant spir anterior spiracle, cer cercus, cr crevice/incision, gen dil genal dilation, III ant third antennal segment, kat ter katatergite, low cal lower calypter, mr band marginal band, p ep proepimeral seta, ps g postgena, sur surstylus, th thorax, up upper calypter, V ter / Vth fifth tergite

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2015View details →
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Fig. 1 in Species identification of Middle Eastern blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of forensic importance

Fig. 1 The Middle Eastern blowflies of forensic importance. a Ch. albiceps, basal part of wing, stem vein. b C. vicina, thorax, upper, and lower calypters. c L. caesar, thorax, upper, and lower calypters. d Ch. albiceps, thorax, lateral view. e P. regina, thorax, lateral view. f Ch. pinguis, head, lateral view. g Ch. phaonis, thorax, upper, and lower calypters. h Ch. pinguis, thorax, upper, and lower calypters. i Ch. megacephala, thorax, lateral. j Ch. marginalis, wing. k Ch. nigripes, thorax, lateral view. ant spir anterior spiracle, gen dil genal dilation, gr amp great ampulla, kat set katepisternal setae, low cal lower calypter, ps g postgena, up cal upper calypter

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2015View details →
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Fig. 3 in Species identification of Middle Eastern blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of forensic importance

Fig. 3 The Middle Eastern blowflies of forensic importance. a L. sericata, thorax, dorsal view. b L. cuprina, thorax, dorsal view. c L. sericata, head, posterior view. d L. cuprina, head, posterior view. e L. illustris, base of wing, ventral view. f L. silvarum, head, lateral view. g L. ampullacea, head, lateral view. h L. illustris, posterior part of thorax, lateral view. i L. ampullacea, posterior part of thorax, lateral view. j L. ampullacea, upper and lower calypters, lateral view. k L. porphyrina, upper, and lower calypters, lateral view. l L. papuensis, upper and lower calypters, lateral view. m L. caesar, posterior part of abdomen, male genital apparatus. n L. caesar, ovipositor, VIth tergite, lateral view. o L. illustris, posterior part of abdomen, male genital apparatus. p L. illustris, ovipositor, VIth tergite, lateral view. bas basicosta, cer cercus, cox str coxopleural streak, ep epandrium, h cal humeral callus, in ver inner vertical seta, kat ter katatergite, low cal lower calypter, mr band marginal band, ntl notopleuron, pal palpus, sb scl subcostal sclerite, sur surstylus, up cal upper calypter, VI ter sixth tergite

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2015View details →
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Data from: Ecological forensic testing: Using multiple primers for eDNA detection of marine vertebrates in an estuarine lagoon subject to anthropogenic influences

<p>Many critical aquatic habitats are in close proximity to human activity (i.e., adjacent to residences, docks, marinas, etc.), and it is vital to monitor biodiversity in these and similar areas that are subject to ongoing urbanization, pollution, and other environmental disruptions. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is an accessible, non-invasive genetic technique used to detect and monitor species diversity and is a particularly useful approach in areas where traditional biodiversity monitoring methods (e.g., visual surveys or video surveillance) are challenging to conduct. In this study, we implemented an eDNA approach that used a combination of three distinct PCR primer sets to detect marine vertebrates within a canal system of Biscayne Bay, Florida, an ecosystem representative of challenging sampling conditions and a myriad of impacts from urbanization. We detected fish species from aquarium, commercial, and recreational fisheries, as well as invasive, cryptobenthic, and endangered vertebrate species, including charismatic marine mammals such as the protected West Indian manatee, <em>Trichechus manatus</em>. Our results support the potential for eDNA analyses to supplement traditional biodiversity monitoring methods and ultimately serve as an important tool for ecosystem management. This approach minimizes stress or disturbance to organisms and removes the intrinsic risk and logical limitations of SCUBA diving, snorkeling, or deploying sensitive equipment in areas that are subject to high vessel traffic and/or low visibility. Overall, this work sets the framework to understand how biodiversity may change over different spatial and temporal scales in an aquatic ecosystem heavily influenced by urbanization and validates the use of eDNA as a complementary approach to traditional ecological monitoring methods.</p>

opencc-zeroJul 2024View details →
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Fig. 2 in Diversity of forensically-important dipteran species in different environments in northeastern Brazil, with notes on the attractiveness of animal baits

Fig. 2. Similarity analysis (Cluster's dendrogram) of the diversity of necrophagous Diptera species in 4 types of environment in northeastern Brazil.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2015View details →
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Figures 51-55 in A key and checklist to the Neotropical forensically important "Little House Flies" (Diptera: Fanniidae)

Figures 51-55. Fannia. (51) F. canicularis, male head, anterior view; (52) F. longipila, male, dorsal view; (53) F. longipila, male head, anterior view; (54) F. lamosca, male head, anterior view; (55) F. longipila, female head. Scale bars: 1 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2016View details →
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Figures 56-63 in A key and checklist to the Neotropical forensically important "Little House Flies" (Diptera: Fanniidae)

Figures 56-63. Fannia, hind leg and wing. (56) F. flavicincta, posterior view; (57) F. heydenii, posterior view; (58) F. yenhedi, posterior view; (59) F. carvalhoi, basal tarsomere; (60) F. punctipennis, anterior view; (61) F. tumidifemur, anterior view; (62) F. lamosca, anterior view; (63) F. sanihue, posterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2016View details →
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Figures 28-31 in A key and checklist to the Neotropical forensically important "Little House Flies" (Diptera: Fanniidae)

Figures 28-31. Fannia, male. (28) F. quimbaya, hind leg, anterior view; (29) F. pijao, hind leg, anterior view; (30) F. scalaris, mid tibia; (31) F. scalaris, mid leg, posterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm. 7'. Abdomen with translucent-yellow tergites (Figs. 33, 34).. 19 39, 40) ...............................................................................12

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2016View details →
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Figures 24-27 in A key and checklist to the Neotropical forensically important "Little House Flies" (Diptera: Fanniidae)

Figures 24-27. Fannia, male. (24) F. albitarsis, fore leg, fore tarsomere; (25) F. albitarsis, hind leg, anterior view; (26) F. fusconotata, hind leg, anterior view; (27) F. fusconotata, posterior view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2016View details →

ScienceDex guides

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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.

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Allen Brain Atlas

Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.

allen-brain-atlas
neuroscienceopenDocumentation, web resources, and API references are available online.
Last verified 2026-04-30Open record

Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)

ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.

abode-home-cage
behavioral-neuroscienceopenThe DataShare record exposes download links for annotations, documentation, license text, and the zipped per-snippet data directory.
Last verified 2026-04-30Open record

DANDI Archive for NWB datasets

DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.

dandi-nwb
electrophysiologyopenPublished Dandiset metadata and archive endpoints are available through the production DANDI API.
Last verified 2026-04-30Open record

International Brain Laboratory public data

The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.

ibl
behavioral-neuroscienceopenPublic sessions can be searched and loaded from the IBL public data server through ONE.
Last verified 2026-04-29Open record

OpenNeuro

OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.

openneuro
neuroscienceopenPublished datasets are available on demand over the internet.
Last verified 2026-04-29Open record