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161 results for “forest restoration”
Presence observations for six tree species prioritized for forest landscape restoration in Ethiopia
<p><strong>Description:</strong></p><p>Geolocations of presence occurrences for a selection of six species (<i>Cordia africana</i>, <i>Croton macrostachyus</i>, <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i>, <i>Faidherbia albida</i>, <i>Grevillea robusta</i>, <i>Juniperus procera</i>) sourced from databases (GBIF, RAINBIO) and from the scientific literature.</p><p>Each record is associated with a DOI, link, or citation to the original source of the data. Observations were filtered using the R package <i>CoordinatesCleaner</i> (Zizka <i>et al</i>. 2019) with the <i>clean_coordinates </i>function to filter for errors that are common to biological collections.</p><p>The breakdown of the number of observations by species is: <i>Cordia africana</i> (84); <i>Croton macrostachyus</i> (129); <i>Eucalyptus globulus (</i>20); <i>Faidherbia albida </i>(31); <i>Grevillea robusta </i>(350); <i>Juniperus procera </i>(115).</p>
Ecology and restoration of montane meadows at Bunchgrass Ridge near the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1999-2013
In a region dominated by coniferous forests, montane meadows contribute greatly to landscape diversity, wildlife habitat, and other important ecological functions and societal values. Throughout the Pacific Northwest, suppression of fire and changes in climate and grazing pressure have led to rapid succession of meadow to forest. Faced by gradual loss of these habitats, land managers are experimenting with tree removal and prescribed fire as tools for restoration. Research at Bunchgrass Ridge explores the history of conifer encroachment, the consequences for meadow vegetation, and the potential to restore native meadows through tree removal and prescribed burning. Spatially explicit reconstructions of the invasion history provide the context for a large-scale restoration experiment testing the efficacy of tree removal, with or without prescribed fire. Measurements from the experimental plots include pre- and post-treatment data on plant species composition for subplots of known invasion history. Data from adjacent, uninvaded meadows serve as targets for assessing restoration success. Our ultimate goal is to determine whether tree removal is sufficient to reverse the effects of encroachment, whether fire is also necessary, and whether the duration or density of invasion pose barriers to meadow reassembly.
Repeated vegetation monitoring for riparian forest restoration project, Santa Clara River, CA, 2015-2023.
We implemented a spatially-patterned methodology to restore 87 ha of riparian forest habitat, selectively applying multiple restoration approaches based on localized differences in degradation severity throughout the project area. This work was conducted as part of a large, collaborative effort to control invasive Arundo donax and reestablish contiguous natural habitat throughout the Santa Clara River floodplain in southern California.
Long-term studies of secondary succession and community assembly in the prairie-forest ecotone of eastern Kansas, Hay meadow restoration experiment
Local and regional-scale processes interact to govern the assembly, diversity and functioning of ecological communities. Evaluating the interplay of these differently-scaled processes in the regulation of ecological systems is a challenging problem, but is crucial towards understanding and predicting the potential effects of accelerated human activity on biological diversity and ecosystem sustainability. Since 2000, two long-term field experiments have been underway in grasslands of eastern Kansas to investigate the interplay of soil resource availability, species interactions and regional processes governing plant secondary succession, community assembly, biodiversity, and ecosystem functioning. Both experiments involve manipulations of soil nutrients in permanent grassland study plots and employ multi-species seed addition treatments to evaluate the contribution of dispersal limitation and regional constraints on local species pools to the regulation of plant community dynamics. Hay meadow restoration experiment, previously funded by USDA, was established in 2000 in a section of the field that was left unplowed at the start of the experiment. Thus Experiment 2 was initiated in the context of secondary succession on recently abandoned cool-season hayfield where hay grass species were dominant at the start of the study. In this experiment we have been monitoring plant community change annually since 2001 in response to two aspects of hay management important in our area: annual fertilization and annual haying. The experimental design involves factorial manipulations of nutrient supply (two levels of NPK fertilization), annual haying (two levels: hayed; not hayed) and propagule input achieved by adding seeds of 41 native prairie species to half of the plots. Experiment 2 parallels Experiment 1 with manipulations of soil resources and species pools, but does so in the contexts of hay management and native prairie hay meadow restoration.
Fruit-feeding butterfly community data analysed in "Recovery patterns in community composition of fruit-feeding butterflies following 26 years of active forest restoration"
<p>Community data of fruit-feeding butterflies collected from Kibale National Park, Uganda, in the periods 2011-2012 and 2020-2021 analysed in our paper Korkiatupa et al. 2023: "Recovery patterns in community composition of fruit-feeding butterflies following 26 years of active forest restoration" (<em>Ecosphere</em> <span>14</span>(<span>5</span>): e4514. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4514">https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.4514</a>).</p> <p>The table consists of two parts. First part shows counts of individuals of butterfly species in each study site. Second part shows the metadata: code of studysite, census (2011-2012/2020-2021), planting year (planting year or "Primary forest"), and coordinates (WGS 84 coordinate system).</p>
Data for Hunting of sika deer over six decades does not restore forest regeneration, Journal of Applied Ecology
<p>Data used for Hunting of sika deer over six decades does not restore forest regeneration.</p>
Data from: A new approach to map landscape variation in forest restoration success in tropical and temperate forest biomes
1. A high level of variation of biodiversity recovery within a landscape during forest restoration presents obstacles to ensure large scale, cost-effective, and long-lasting ecological restoration. There is an urgent need to predict landscape variation in forest restoration success at a global scale. 2. We conducted a meta-analysis comprising 135 study landscapes to predict and map landscape variation in forest restoration success in tropical and temperate forest biomes. Our analysis was based on the amount of forest cover within a landscape – a key driver of forest restoration success. We contrasted 17 generalized linear models measuring forest cover at different landscape sizes (with buffers varying from 5 to 200 km radii). We identified the most plausible model to predict and map landscape variation in forest restoration success. We then weighted landscape variation by the amount of potentially restorable areas (agriculture and pasture land areas) within the same landscape. Finally, we estimated restoration costs of implementing Bonn Challenge commitments in three specific temperate and tropical forest biome types in USA, Brazil and Uganda. 3. Landscape variation decreased exponentially as the amount of forest cover increased in the landscape, with stronger effects within a 5 km radius. Thirty-eight percent of forest biomes have landscapes with more than 27% of forest cover and showed levels of landscape variation below 10%. Landscapes with less than 6% of forest cover showed levels of variation in forest restoration success above 50%. 4. At the biome level, Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests had the lowest (12.6%), while Tropical and Subtropical Dry Broadleaf Forests had the highest (22.9%) average of weighted landscape variation in forest restoration success. Our approach can lead to a reduction in implementation costs for each Bonn Challenge commitment between US$ 973 Mi and 9.9 Bi. 5. Policy implications. Our approach identifies landscape characteristics that increase the likelihood of biodiversity recovery during forest restoration – and potentially the chances of natural regeneration and long-term ecological sustainability and functionality. Identifying areas with low levels of landscape variation can help to reduce the risks and financial costs associated with implementing ambitious restoration commitments.
Dataset on light measuments in the understory of a Tropical forest restoration submitted to four thinning intensities through chemical management
<p>The lack of information on the management of light in tropical forests causes a technical constraint for timber production in restoration sites, especially given the light restrictions for timber production. This issue could be amended with the development of methods to easily manage and estimate light availability, targeting practices that balance restoration success and productivity. We conducted the study that gathered this data in an area within the Atlantic Forest, Brazil, where we tested the efficiency of chemical thinning fast-growing species to increase light availability in the understory of a five-year-old restoration planting. Our goal was to increase the growth rates of desirable timber species in the understory of the restoration site. <br>Moreover, we tested the viability of using hemispherical photography taken with a smartphone to assess light incidence and assist restoration management practices. We calculated the percentage of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) using a ceptometer in four different thinning intensities and compared them to the smartphone measures using correlation analysis and generalized mixed models. Chemical thinning increased light incidence in the understory Light management through PAR and canopy opening were highly correlated overall, especially after three months of management and above 60% of the basal area thinned. Data demonstrates the potential of chemical thinning as a management practice to enhance light availability in the understory of tropical forest restoration sites and highlights the value of using smartphones and fisheye clips for the indirect assessment of light conditions. </p>
Forest restoration and fuels reduction work: Different pathways for achieving success in the Sierra Nevada
Fire suppression and past selective logging of large trees have fundamentally changed frequent-fire adapted forests in California. The culmination of these changes produced forests that are vulnerable to catastrophic change by wildfire, drought, and bark beetles, with climate change exacerbating this vulnerability. Management options available to address this problem include mechanical treatments (Mech), prescribed fire (Fire), or combinations of these treatments (Mech + Fire). We quantify changes in forest structure and composition, fuel accumulation, modeled fire behavior, inter-tree competition, and economics from a 20-year forest restoration study in the northern Sierra Nevada. All three active treatments (Fire, Mech, Mech + Fire) produced forest conditions that were much more resistant to wildfire than the untreated control. The treatments that included prescribed fire (Fire, Mech + Fire) produced the lowest surface and duff fuel loads and the lowest modeled fire hazards. Mech produced low fire hazards beginning 7-years after the initial treatment and Mech + Fire had lower tree growth than controls. The only treatment that produced inter-tree competition similar to historical California mixed-conifer forests was Mech + Fire, indicating that stands under this treatment would likely be more resilient to enhanced forest stressors. While Fire reduced modeled fire hazard and reintroduced a fundamental ecosystem process, it was done at a net cost to the landowner. Using Mech that included mastication and commercial thinning resulted in positive revenues and was also relatively strong as an investment in reducing modeled fire hazard. The Mech + Fire treatment represents a compromise between the desire to sustain financial feasibility and the desire to reintroduce fire. One key component to long-term forest conservation will be continued treatments to maintain or improve the conditions from forest restoration. Many Indigenous people speak of 'active stewardship' as one of the key principles in land management and this aligns well with the need for increased restoration in western US forests. If we do not use the knowledge from 20+ years of forest research and the much longer tradition of Indigenous cultural practices and knowledge, frequent-fire forests will continue to be degraded and lost.
Original data for the paper "Ericaceous dwarf shrubs in drained forested peatlands: distribution, dynamics and key factors in a restoration experiment"
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The biodiversity and ecosystem service contributions and trade-offs of forest restoration approaches
<p>Forest restoration is being scaled-up globally to deliver critical ecosystem services and biodiversity benefits, yet we lack rigorous comparison of co-benefit delivery across different restoration approaches. In a global synthesis (Hua et al. 2022, Science; DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abl4649">10.1126/science.abl4649</a>), we use 25,950 matched data pairs from 264 studies in 53 countries to assess how delivery of climate, soil, water, and wood production services as well as biodiversity compares across a range of tree plantations and native forests. Carbon storage, water provisioning, and especially soil erosion control and biodiversity benefits are all delivered better by native forests, with compositionally simpler, younger plantations in drier regions performing particularly poorly. However, plantations exhibit an advantage in wood production. These results underscore important trade-offs among environmental and production goals that policymakers must navigate in meeting forest restoration commitments. The Excel file and the R code here are the datasets and analysis code that underlie the above study.</p>
Data from: Active restoration accelerates recovery of tropical forest bird assemblages over two decades
<p>Choosing effective methods to restore habitat for the diverse faunal assemblages of tropical forests is hampered by lack of long-term data comparing multiple restoration treatments. We conducted area counts of bird assemblages over 12 years (~5-17 years since restoration) in a blocked experiment with two active planted treatments (tree plantations and applied nucleation) and a passive restoration treatment (natural regeneration) replicated at 11 sites in Costa Rica. We also surveyed six pastures and five remnant forest sites to assess recovery of avian species richness, composition, forest specialists, and range-restricted species in restoration plots relative to degraded and reference systems. Restoration treatments showed increased resemblance of avian assemblages to remnant forest over time. Applied nucleation proved equally effective as plantation, despite a reduced planted area, whereas natural regeneration recovered more slowly. Assemblage-level trends in avian species richness and compositional similarity to reference forest are underpinned by reductions in use by pasture birds and by gradual increases in richness of forest-affiliated species. Because forest-affiliated species tend to have narrower distributions than the open-country species they replace, forest restoration can reduce biotic homogenization at the local scale. Restoration practitioners should consider applied nucleation as an alternative to standard plantations if seeking rapid recovery of bird assemblages. However, the ecological return on investment from natural regeneration increases over a couple of decades. Managers should monitor trends in forest-affiliated and range-restricted species to track the recovery of the full avian assemblages, since coarse metrics like species richness and overall compositional similarity may plateau relatively quickly.</p>
Active restoration fosters better recovery of tropical rainforest birds than natural regeneration in degraded forest fragments
<ol> <li>Ecological restoration has emerged as a key strategy for conserving tropical forests and habitat specialists, and monitoring faunal recovery using indicator taxa like birds can help assess restoration success. Few studies have examined, however, whether active restoration achieves better recovery of bird communities than natural regeneration, or how bird recovery relates to habitat affiliations of species in the community.</li> <li>In rainforests restored over the past two decades in a fragmented landscape (Western Ghats, India), we examined whether bird species richness and community composition recovery in 23 actively restored (AR) sites was significantly better than recovery in paired naturally regenerating (NR) sites, relative to 23 undisturbed benchmark (BM) rainforests. We measured 8 habitat variables and tested whether bird recovery tracked habitat recovery, whether rainforest and open-country birds showed contrasting patterns, and assessed species-level responses to restoration.</li> <li>We recorded 92 bird species in 460 point-count surveys. Rainforest bird species richness was highest in BM, intermediate in AR, and lowest in NR. Contrastingly, open-country bird species richness was least in BM, intermediate in AR, and highest in NR.</li> <li>Bird community composition varied significantly across treatment types with composition in AR in transition from NR to BM. Bird community dissimilarity between sites was positively related to dissimilarity in habitat structure and floristics, and geographic distance between sites. Variance partitioning indicated that structural and floristic dissimilarity explained 90% of the variation in community composition.</li> <li>Indicator species analysis revealed significant associations of 34 species with one or more treatment types. Species associated with BM and AR treatment types were all rainforest species, while only 38% of species associated with AR and NR treatment types were rainforest species.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis and applications</em>: We show that active restoration of degraded fragments benefits rainforest birds and reduces the infiltration of open-country birds, and highlight the importance of considering rainforest and open-country species separately. In human-modified tropical rainforest landscapes, active restoration of degraded fragments fosters partial recovery and complements protection of mature forests for bird conservation.</li> </ol>
The relationship between plant diversity and facilitation during tropical dry forest restoration
<p>Restoration programs that promote the functioning of restored ecosystems are in urgent demand. Although several biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) experiments have demonstrated the importance of functional complementarity enhancing plant community performance, no BEF study has yet experimentally manipulated facilitation testing its contribution to how the complementarity effect modulates community performance.</p> <p>We built a restoration experiment manipulating diversity and facilitation in a tropical semiarid forest. We planted 4704 seedlings of 16 native tree species to assemble 147 experimental communities with 45 different compositions comprising 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 species. Facilitation was included in the experimental design by creating a gradient of communities from low to high facilitation potential (based on prior research). We measured functional diversity and functional identity using species above and below-ground traits to investigate how they modulate the effects of species diversity and facilitation on leaf biomass production, and its additive partition biodiversity effects (NE, CE & SE).</p> <p>The joint influence of diversity and facilitation was tested separately for leaf biomass production and Net Biodiversity Effect using Linear Mixed Models (LMMs). We subsequently ran LMMs including functional diversity and functional identity. We hypothesised that facilitation would increase community productivity and functioning and that functional dispersion and functional identity related to above and below-ground traits would explain facilitation performance.</p> <p>Facilitation positively influenced leaf biomass production as predicted, but unexpectedly, neither of the functional traits were important for modulating the facilitation process. Positive values for Complementarity Effect (CE) showed that plants performed better in mixtures in comparison to monocultures. Selection Effect (SE) negative values, showed that species with below-average performance in monocultures, performed better in mixtures. Unexpectedly, CE did not increase as species diversity or facilitation increased. SE was influenced negatively by facilitation leading to a more equal distribution of biomass production between species in mixtures.</p> <p>Synthesis: Facilitation improves biomass production in restored communities and increases biomass equitability among plant species and thus ecosystem reliability. To improve restoration success, plant communities should be built using facilitating plants.</p>
Improved household living standards can restore dry tropical forests
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A new approach to map landscape variation in forest restoration success in tropical and temperate forest biomes
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The relationship between plant diversity and facilitation during tropical dry forest restoration
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Restoration opportunities beyond highly degraded tropical forests: insights from India’s Western Ghats
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Forest restoration and fuels reduction work: Different pathways for achieving success in the Sierra Nevada
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Data from: Differing agents of physical damage to artificial seedlings in remnant and restored forests
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.