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45 results for “form of selection”
Data from: Alternative forms of brook trout nest site selection alter modeled offspring thermal experience and emergence phenology in groundwater-influenced streambeds
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Data from: Multiple forms of selection shape reproductive isolation in a primate hybrid zone
Speciation occurs when populations diverge and become reproductively isolated from each other. Natural selection is commonly accepted to play a large role in this process and it has been widely assumed that reproductive isolation often results as a byproduct of divergence driven by adaptation in allopatry. When such populations come into secondary contact, reinforcement can act to strengthen reproductive isolation, but the frequency and importance of this process is still unknown. Here, we explored genomic signatures of selection in allopatry and sympatry for loci associated with reproductive isolation using a natural primate hybrid zone. By analyzing reduced-representation sequencing data, we quantified admixture and population structure across a howler monkey hybrid zone and examined the relationship between locus-specific differentiation and introgression. We detected extensive admixture that was mostly limited to the narrow contact zone. Loci with reduced introgression into the heterospecific genomic background (the pattern expected for loci associated with reproductive isolation due to selection against hybrids) were significantly more differentiated between allopatric parental populations than loci with neutral and increased introgression, supporting the hypothesis that reproductive isolation is a by-product of divergence in allopatry. Further, loci with reduced introgression showed greater differentiation in sympatry than in allopatry, suggesting a role for reinforcement. Thus, our results reflect multiple forms of selection that have shaped reproductive isolation in this system. We conclude that reproductive isolation may have initially been driven by divergence in allopatry, but later reinforced by divergent selection in sympatry.
Compounds with multi-target activities forming target cliffs and selectivity cliffs
<p>On the basis of high-confidence activity data assembled from ChEMBL release 20, compounds active against one or more pairs of targets are provided (in the file 'Compounds_In_Target_Pairs.xlsx') for the K<sub>i</sub> and IC<sub>50</sub> value-based data sets, respectively. Target cliffs formed by selective compounds are listed in the file 'Target_Cliffs.xlsx'. In addition, selectivity cliffs formed by structurally analogous compounds with significantly different selectivity are given in the file 'Selectivity_Cliffs.xlsx'. The content of individual files is detailed in the README file.</p>
Data from: Contrasting the form and strength of pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection in a flatworm
<p>Sexual traits may be selected during multiple consecutive episodes of selection, occurring before, during, or after copulation. In the research article entitled "Contrasting the form and strength of pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection in a flatworm", published in <em>Evolution</em>, we measured pre- and postcopulatory phenotypic traits alongside variation in fitness components at different episodes. Namely, we assessed the mating success, sperm-transfer efficiency, and sperm fertilising efficiency of focal worms in which we measured 13 morphological traits, and performed multivariate selection analyses assessing the form and strength of selection. We archived the datasets and R scripts necessary to reproduce all analyses performed in this paper.</p>
Figure 9 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)
Figure 9. Five sequential matings (1-2, 3, 4, 5-6, 7) of the two male forms with the same female Maevia inclemens over the course of five days. 1-2, This mating was interrupted as the male switched from one side to the other, but after an atypical low crawl display with legs I extended, the tufted male quickly recaptured the female and continued to mate on the other side. 5-6, mating on the right and then left sides. Note the many erect spines on the legs of the mating male in each instance.
Figure 8 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)
Figure 8. Sequential positions (1-4) of the tufted male Maevia inclemens as he advanced toward the female in a still later mating attempt (after Figure 7). Here the view of the female is shown. 1-2, Waving legs I. 3, Fully extended for maximum height. 4, Display from a lower position with raised legs I.
Figure 3 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)
Figure 3. Adult male Maevia inclemens, tufted (black) form. The tufts of the dorsal carapace may not be present in all males of this form. Note the lack of stripes on the uniformly-colored legs. 2, Feeding on mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae).
Figure 4 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)
Figure 4. Four sequential positions of a male (1-4) during the successful courtship of a female Paraphidippus aurantius (Lucas 1833) on a plant in the laboratory. Males were placed on plants with three recently molted females, all from Greenville County, South Carolina. In each case the female stopped moving soon after she sighted the male, and the male advanced to mate successfully when she did not turn to face him as he stepped from side to side. In this example the female stopped moving at a distance of about 10 cm from the approaching male. The subsequent mating included insertion of each pedipalp on the respective side of the epigynum, and occupied more than 20 minutes. P. aurantius males will cohabit with and defend penultimate females (Thurlow 2016), and their large chelicerae are associated with the ritual male-male combat (agonistic behavior) that may ensue. This represents a pattern seen in many other salticids (e.g., Lyssomanes viridis, Tedore & Johnsen 2012, 2013, 2015), in which male-male contests account for most sexual selection. At the other end of the spectrum of sexual selection lie the highly ornamented salticids of the genus Maratus, for which male-male contests are virtually unknown (save one species), and a female may examine the details of male ornamentation up-close before acceptance (Otto & Hill 2021). Most salticids appear to fall somewhere between these two extremes, relying to some extent on both male-male combat and active selection by females.
Figure 1. Adult female Maevia inclemens. 1-2, 6 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)
Figure 1. Adult female Maevia inclemens. 1-2, 6, Feeding on a small fly (Diptera: Brachycera). 3-4, Feeding on a small robber fly (Diptera: Ascilidae). With the exception of Figure 5:8, only three M. inclemens individuals, two males and one female, all photographed on plants in the laboratory, are shown in this paper. All were collected in Massachusetts, June 2020.
Figure 7 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)
Figure 7. Sequential positions (1-10) of the tufted male Maevia inclemens as he advanced toward the female in a later mating attempt (after Figure 6).
Figure 10 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)
Figure 10. Attempted mating by the grey male Maevia inclemens. This sequence shows how the male jumped the female while she was suspended from her dragline, just after capturing a fly (1), and attempted to mate with her (2). The female promptly released her prey, and the male then fed on it for many minutes (3-4), still in a suspended position [23 JUNE 2020 14:09- 14:13]. Three days later this male approached and mated successfully with the female for a second time (Figures 5:1-7, 9:7).
Figure 5 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)
Figure 5. Display by grey males, Maevia inclemens. 1-7, Successive (low crawl) positions of the grey male male from Massachusetts, advancing to successfully mate with the female. When close, this male jumped and captured the female (Figure 9:7). 8, Display by a grey male from Sherburne County, Minnesota, recorded in 1982.
Figure 2 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)
Figure 2. Adult male Maevia inclemens, grey (striped) form. Note the stripes on the prolateral surface of each femur.
Figure 11 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina)
Figure 11. Sequential (1-2) views of encounter between the two male forms of Maevia inclemens. Apart from a brief defensive reaction by the grey male (2), no ritual combat ensued and the males did not appear to recognize that they were conspecific.
Figure 11 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2
Figure 11. Sequential (1-2) views of encounter between the two male forms of Maevia inclemens. Apart from a brief defensive reaction by the grey male (2), no ritual combat ensued and the males did not appear to recognize that they were conspecific.
Figure 9 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2
Figure 9. Five sequential matings (1-2, 3, 4, 5-6, 7) of the two male forms with the same female Maevia inclemens over the course of five days. 1-2, This mating was interrupted as the male switched from one side to the other, but after an atypical low crawl display with legs I extended, the tufted male quickly recaptured the female and continued to mate on the other side. 5-6, mating on the right and then left sides. Note the many erect spines on the legs of the mating male in each instance.
Figure 10 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2
Figure 10. Attempted mating by the grey male Maevia inclemens. This sequence shows how the male jumped the female while she was suspended from her dragline, just after capturing a fly (1), and attempted to mate with her (2). The female promptly released her prey, and the male then fed on it for many minutes (3-4), still in a suspended position [23 JUNE 2020 14:09- 14:13]. Three days later this male approached and mated successfully with the female for a second time (Figures 5:1-7, 9:7).
Figure 7 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2
Figure 7. Sequential positions (1-10) of the tufted male Maevia inclemens as he advanced toward the female in a later mating attempt (after Figure 6).
Figure 3 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2
Figure 3. Adult male Maevia inclemens, tufted (black) form. The tufts of the dorsal carapace may not be present in all males of this form. Note the lack of stripes on the uniformly-colored legs. 2, Feeding on mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae).
Figure 6 in Stabilizing selection to maintain the two male forms of the jumping spider Maevia inclemens (Araneae: Salticidae: Marpissina), version 2
Figure 6. Sequential positions (1-4) of the tufted male Maevia inclemens as he advanced toward the female. Facing the female, this male maintained an elevated position with the opisthosoma turned down, stepping and waving both legs I and pedipalps. As with the grey male (Figure 5), this male also mated sucessfully with the female (Figure 9:3), jumping and capturing her after advancing to a near position.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.