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Fig. 5 in A new fossil from the London Clay documents the convergent origin of a "mousebird-like" tarsometatarsus in an early Eocene near-passerine bird

Fig. 5. Strict consensus tree of 714 most parsimonious trees (L = 331, CI = 0.32, RI = 0.57) resulting from an analysis that, concerning the extant taxa, was constrained to the results of current molecular analyses (Prum et al. 2015; Kuhl et al. 2021). Extinct taxa are indicated by a dagger.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →
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Fig. 3 in A new fossil from the London Clay documents the convergent origin of a "mousebird-like" tarsometatarsus in an early Eocene near-passerine bird

Fig. 3. Leg bones of the morsoravid bird Sororavis solitarius gen. et sp. nov. in comparison to those of other Morsoravidae and the Psittacopedidae and Zygodactylidae. A. Sororavis solitarius gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, NMS.Z.2021.40.75), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK, right tarsometatarsus (mirrored), in dorsal (A1), plantar (A2), and medial (A3) views, the arrow indicates an enlarged detail of the distal end; distal end of right tarsometatarsus (mirrored) in distal view (A4). B. Morsoravis sedilis Bertelli, Lindow, Dyke, and Chiappe, 2010 (holotype, MGUH 28930), from the early Eocene Fur Formation in Denmark, left tarsometatarsus in dorsal (B1) and medial (B2) views; coated with ammonium chloride, in B1, surrounding matrix was digitally removed and a missing portion of the shaft is highlighted by the grey-brown area, the arrow in B2, indicates an enlarged detail of the distal end. C. Pumiliornis tessellatus Mayr, 1999 (SMF-ME 2475A), from the latest early or earliest middle Eocene of Messel, Germany, left tarsometatarsus in dorsal (C1) and plantar (C2) views. D. Psittacomimus eos Mayr and Kitchener, 2022 (NMS.Z.2021.40.39), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK, left tarsometatarsus in dorsal (D1), plantar (D2), and distal (D3) views. E. Primozygodactylus cf. danielsi Mayr, 1998 (Zygodactylidae) (NMS.2021.40.49), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK, distal portion of right tarsometatarsus (mirrored), in dorsal (E1), plantar (E2), and distal (E3) views. Scale bars 5 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →
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Fig. 2 in A new fossil from the London Clay documents the convergent origin of a "mousebird-like" tarsometatarsus in an early Eocene near-passerine bird

Fig. 2. Beak and selected postcranial bones of the morsoravid bird Sororavis solitarius gen. et sp. nov. in comparison to those of other Morsoravidae and the Psittacopedidae, Zygodactylidae, and Coliiformes. A. Morsoravis sedilis Bertelli, Lindow, Dyke, and Chiappe, 2010 (holotype, MGUH 28930), from the lower Eocene Fur Formation in Denmark; A1, skull in dorsolateral view (coated with ammonium chloride); A2, distal end of left tibiotarsus in cranial view. B. Sororavis solitarius gen. et sp. nov. (holotype, NMS.Z.2021.40.75), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK. B1, tip of upper beak in dorsal view; B2, right coracoid in dorsal view; B3, composite image of partial right humerus (mirrored) and distal end of left humerus in cranial view; B4, distal end of left tibiotarsus in cranial view. C. Primoscens carolinae Mayr and Kitchener, 2022 (Zygodactylidae) (holotype, NMS.2021.40.54), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK, left coracoid in dorsal view (mirrored). D.?Psittacopes occidentalis Mayr and Kitchener, 2022 (Psittacopedidae) (holotype, NMS.Z.2021.40.44), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK, left coracoid in dorsal view (mirrored). E. The extant Myiarchus tyrannulus (Statius Müller, 1776) (Passeriformes, Tyrannidae) (SMF 9584), right coracoid in dorsal view. F. Pumiliornis tessellatus Mayr, 1999 (SMF-ME 2475B), from the luppermost lower or lowermost middle Eocene of Messel, Germany; F1, right humerus in cranial view (mirrored); F2, distal end of left tibiotarsus in cranial view. G. Parapsittacopes bergdahli Mayr, 2021 (Psittacopedidae) NMS. Z.2021.40.43), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK, right humerus in cranial view. H. Primozygodactylus cf. danielsi Mayr, 1998 (Zygodactylidae) (NMS.2021.40.49), from the early Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK, right humerus in cranial view (mirrored). Scale bars 5 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →
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Fig. 1 in A new fossil from the London Clay documents the convergent origin of a "mousebird-like" tarsometatarsus in an early Eocene near-passerine bird

Fig. 1. The bones preserved in the holotype of the morsoravid bird Sororavis solitarius gen. et sp. nov. (NMS.Z.2021.40.75), from the lower Eocene London Clay of Walton-on-the-Naze, UK. A1, tip of upper beak in dorsal view; A2, fragments of mandible; A3, A4, left coracoid in dorsal (A3) and ventral (A4) views; A5, A6, right coracoid in dorsal (A5) and ventral (A6) views; A7, partial furcula; A8, A9, cranial portion of sternum in ventral (A8) and lateral (A9) views; A10, A11, partial right humerus in cranial (A10) and caudal (A11) views; A12‒A15, proximal (A12, A13) and distal (A14, A15) portions of left humerus in caudal (A12, A14) and cranial (A13, A15) views; A16, proximal end of right ulna in cranioventral view; A17, A18, partial left tibiotarsus in caudal (A17) and cranial (A18) views; A19‒A24, right tarsometatarsus in dorsal (A19), medial (A20), plantar (A21), lateral (A22), proximal (A23), and distal (A24) views; A25, A26, proximal end of left tarsometatarsus in plantar (A25) and dorsolateral (A26) views; A27, first phalanx of third toe in dorsal and plantar view; A28, second to fourth phalanges of fourth toe in different views (plantar, dorsal, and lateral, respectively).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →
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DATA SET USED IN THE PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS ?, condition not preserved. Coding for Paraortygoides based on BMNH PAL A 6217 (holotype of P. radagasti) and SMR­ME 1303 (holotype of P. messelensis) in The Fossil Galliform Bird Paraortygoides from the Lower Eocene of the United Kingdom

DATA SET USED IN THE PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS ?, condition not preserved. Coding for Paraortygoides based on BMNH PAL A 6217 (holotype of P. radagasti) and SMR­ME 1303 (holotype of P. messelensis)

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2002View details →
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Fig. 5 in New Pleistocene bird fossils in Taiwan reveal unexpected seabirds in East Asia

Fig. 5. Tibiotarsi of the fossil gaviid seabird Gavia stellata (Pontoppidan, 1763) (A) and modern Gaviidae (B–F), in cranial (A1–F1), lateral (A2–F2), caudal (A3–F3), medial (A4–F4), and distal (A5–F5) views. A. CMM 2124 from Niubu, Chiayi, Taiwan, Liuchungchi Formation, Lower Pleistocene. B. Gavia stellata (Pontoppidan, 1763) (YIO 79598). C. Gavia arctica (Linnaeus, 1758) (YIO 79597). D. Gavia pacifica (Lawrence, 1858) (YIO 60621). E. Gavia adamsii (G.R. Gray, 1859) (YIO 74354); F. Gavia immer (Brünnich, 1764) (NHMUK S/1987.13.1). Arrows on C4–F4 and C5–F5 indicate the caudomedial process present in these taxa that is lacking in G. stellata. The image order of modern Gaviidae follows the taxonomy established by Sprengelmeyer (2014) and the photos of G. immer are courtesy of Junya Watanabe.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →
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Fig. 4 in New Pleistocene bird fossils in Taiwan reveal unexpected seabirds in East Asia

Fig. 4. The humeri of the fossil gaviid seabird Gavia sp. (A) and modern Gaviidae (B–F) in cranial (A1–F1), dorsal (A2–F2), caudal (A3–F3), ventral (A4–F4), and distal (A5–F5) views. A. CMM 2123 from Niubu, Chiayi, Taiwan, Liuchungchi Formation, Lower Pleistocene. B. Gavia stellata (Pontoppidan, 1763) (YIO 79598). C. Gavia arctica (Linnaeus, 1758) (YIO 72000). D. Gavia pacifica (Lawrence, 1858) (YIO 64763). E. Gavia adamsii (G.R. Gray, 1859) (YIO 63205). F. Gavia immer (Brünnich, 1764) (NHMUK S/1987.13.1). The images of CMM 2123 were obtained from CT. The image order of modern Gaviidae follows the taxonomy established by Sprengelmeyer (2014) and the photos of G. immer are courtesy of Junya Watanabe.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →
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Fig. 1 in New Pleistocene bird fossils in Taiwan reveal unexpected seabirds in East Asia

Fig. 1. Geological setting of Taiwan area and Niubu area; the locality of the two bird fossils is marked with rectangle (modified after Lin et al. 2022).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →
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Fig. 7 in New Pleistocene bird fossils in Taiwan reveal unexpected seabirds in East Asia

Fig. 7. Distribution of Pleistocene records of Gaviidae. A. The distribution around the world. Regional distribution in the Northwest Pacific (B), the Northeast Pacific (C), the Northwest Atlantic (D), and the Northeast Atlantic (E). Taxa with uncertainty are grouped into Gavia spp. See SOM 1: table S3 for details.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →
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Fig. 3 in New Pleistocene bird fossils in Taiwan reveal unexpected seabirds in East Asia

Fig. 3. Stratigraphy of the Western Foothills of southern Taiwan (modified after Chen 2016; Lin et al. 2021). Grey block highlights the Liuchungchi Formation, wherein the bird fossils were found. Only the Early Pleistocene of southern Taiwan is shown.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →
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Fig. 6 in New Pleistocene bird fossils in Taiwan reveal unexpected seabirds in East Asia

Fig. 6. Records of Gaviidae in Taiwan. The records are displayed as the number of occurrences (1–10) and dates (year or Ma). Records between 1861– 1862 and between 1970–1971 are not included because the accurate localities are not accessible. See SOM 1: table S2 for details.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →
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Fig. 2 in New Pleistocene bird fossils in Taiwan reveal unexpected seabirds in East Asia

Fig. 2. The fossils of gaviid seabirds from Niubu, Chiayi, Taiwan, Liuchungchi Formation, Lower Pleistocene. A. Gavia sp., CMM 2123, distal left humerus in cranial (A1, A2), dorsal (A3), caudal (A4), ventral (A5), and distal (A6) views. B. Gavia stellata (Pontoppidan, 1763), CMM 2124, distal left tibiotarsus in cranial (B1, B2), lateral (B3), caudal (B4), medial (B5), and distal (B6) views. Arrows highlight the articular scar for the distal fibula.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →
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Fig. 4 in New Miocene sulid birds from Peru and considerations on their Neogene fossil record in the Eastern Pacific Ocean

Fig. 4. Sulid bird Ramphastosula aguirrei sp. nov. from Poza Negra, Sacaco Sur (Peru), Pisco Formation, Late Miocene. A Holotype MUSM 665. Skull in lateral (A1), posterior (A2), dorsal (A3), and ventral (A4) views. Left quadrate in (A5) anterior and (A6) posterior views. B. Section of rostrum at its midlength showing differences in the outline of Ramphastosula and other sulids. C–E. Comparison of the ear region in ventral view in the Peruvian booby Sula variegata DPV AM P8 (C) from Isla Lobos de Afuera, Lambayaque (Peru), Recent; R. ramirezi MUSM 264 (D) from Poza Roja, Sacaco Sur (Peru), Messinian (Late Miocene); and R. aguirrei MUSM 665 (E) from Poza Negra, Sacaco Sur (Peru), Messinian (Late Miocene).

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2015View details →
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Fig. 3 in New Miocene sulid birds from Peru and considerations on their Neogene fossil record in the Eastern Pacific Ocean

Fig. 3. Sulid bird Sula figueroae sp. nov. from Cerro Colorado locality, Peru, Pisco Formation, early Late Miocene. A. Holotype MUSM 2501. Skull in lateral (A1), posterior (A2), dorsal (A4), and ventral (A5) views. Isolated lacrimal in lateral view (A3). Left carpometacarpus in ventral view (A6). Synsacrum and pelvis in ventral (A7) and lateral (A8) views. B. Paratype MUSM 2502. Sternum in lateral (B1) and ventral (B2) views. Coracoid in (B3) dorsal view. Left scapula in (B4) lateral view. Right humerus in anterior (B5), lateral (B6), and posterior (B7) views. Proximal portion of ulna in ventral view (B8). Right femur in anterior view (B9). Right tibiotarsus in anterior view (B10). Right tarsometatarsus in anterior (B11) and plantar (B12) views.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2015View details →
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Fig. 1 in New Miocene sulid birds from Peru and considerations on their Neogene fossil record in the Eastern Pacific Ocean

Fig. 1. Maps of the Ocucaje (A) and Sacaco (B, modified from Brand 2001) areas, southestern Peru, indicating the type localities of fossil sulids described in this paper.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2015View details →
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Figure 8 in Catalogue of Cuban fossil and subfossil birds

Figure 8. Cueva del Mono Fósil (PMF), Viñales, western Cuba. Type locality of †Bubo osvaldoi Arredondo & Olson.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →
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Figure 7 in Catalogue of Cuban fossil and subfossil birds

Figure 7. Cueva del Túnel (YTU), Quivicán, western Cuba. Type locality of †Buteogallus borrasi (Arredondo) and †Tyto noeli Arredondo.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →
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Figure 6 in Catalogue of Cuban fossil and subfossil birds

Figure 6. Cueva de Sandoval (ASA), Caimito, western Cuba. Type locality of †Gigantohierax suarezi Arredondo & Arredondo and †Falco kurochkini Suárez & Olson.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →
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Figure 5 in Catalogue of Cuban fossil and subfossil birds

Figure 5. Las Breas de San Felipe (MLB), Martí, western Cuba. Type locality of †Coragyps seductus Suárez, †Cathartes emsliei Suárez & Olson, †Gigantohierax itchei Suárez, †Buteogallus royi Suárez, †Buteo sanfelipensis Suárez, †Milvago carbo Suárez & Olson and †M. diazfrancoi Suárez.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →
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Figure 4 in Catalogue of Cuban fossil and subfossil birds

Figure 4. Cueva de Paredones (ACP), Caimito, western Cuba. Type locality of †Oscaravis olsoni (Arredondo & Arredondo), †Gymnogyps varonai (Arredondo) and †Tyto cravesae Suárez & Olson.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

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Allen Brain Atlas

Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.

allen-brain-atlas
neuroscienceopenDocumentation, web resources, and API references are available online.
Last verified 2026-04-30Open record

Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)

ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.

abode-home-cage
behavioral-neuroscienceopenThe DataShare record exposes download links for annotations, documentation, license text, and the zipped per-snippet data directory.
Last verified 2026-04-30Open record

DANDI Archive for NWB datasets

DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.

dandi-nwb
electrophysiologyopenPublished Dandiset metadata and archive endpoints are available through the production DANDI API.
Last verified 2026-04-30Open record

International Brain Laboratory public data

The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.

ibl
behavioral-neuroscienceopenPublic sessions can be searched and loaded from the IBL public data server through ONE.
Last verified 2026-04-29Open record

OpenNeuro

OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.

openneuro
neuroscienceopenPublished datasets are available on demand over the internet.
Last verified 2026-04-29Open record