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76 results for “fractures, compression”
Interlocked thin-ply reinforcements for improved fracture toughness and compression after impact - 0 degree tabs
<p>This dataset contains data showing the effect of thin-ply reinforcement units, interlocked with a tab-and-slit geometry, on the fracture toughness of CFRP laminates. This dataset forms an addition to the dataset previously published here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1476886. The previous dataset contains toughness data for reinforcements with tabs at 45 degrees. This dataset contains toughness data for reinforcements with tabs at 0 degrees.</p> <p>The reinforcement concept was first presented at the 18th European Conference on Composite Materials (2018, Athens, Greece). More information on the concept can be found at: http://wwwf.imperial.ac.uk/aeronautics/research/pinholab/interlock-tabs/. Links to publications connected to this data will be added to the Zenoto meta-data as they are published.</p> <p>For the reinforcement concept, both mode I and mode II fracture toughnesses were measured. The mode I data was acquired using DCB specimens, and the mode II data was obtained from 4-point end notch flexure (4ENF) tests. Force, displacement, crack length, and strain energy release rate during the test are provided for all specimens.</p>
Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, g–n: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. c–f: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). i–n: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1 cm in (a–f), (i–k), 1 mm in (g), 2 mm in (h), 3 mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision
Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, g–n: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. c–f: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). i–n: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1 cm in (a–f), (i–k), 1 mm in (g), 2 mm in (h), 3 mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k).
Text-fig. 1. Diplopanax cacaoides (ZENKER) comb. nov. a–d: [Holotype of Mastixia cantia E.REID et M.CHANDLER, V.22953]. a: Lateral view of longitudinally broken specimen, reflected light. b–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. b: Lateral view of longitudinal fracture surface. c: Same specimen rotated to show external surface. d: Enlargement of lower half from (a, b), reflected light. e, f: Specimen figured originally as a paratype of M. cantia, V.22954 (Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 3), reflected light. e: Ventral view with much of the endocarp wall fallen away exposing smooth convex ventral surface of locule cast. f: Transversely fractured surface, showing thick wall of the endocarp, and dehiscence plane leading to the left limb of the locule. g: Transversely sectioned, laterally compressed specimen from Miocene of Wiesa, Germany for comparison, Senckenberg Museum, SM.B. 21034/I. h–j: Digital transverse sections from micro-CT data of the Holotype V.22953. h: Transverse fracture surface from (b), showing curved locule and zone of weakness defining the germination valve (arrow), reflected light. i: Same orientation with clear demarcation of the separation plane of the germination valve (arrow), digital section from micro-CT scan. j: Enlargement from (h). Scale bars 5 mm. in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision
Text-fig. 1. Diplopanax cacaoides (ZENKER) comb. nov. a–d: [Holotype of Mastixia cantia E.REID et M.CHANDLER, V.22953]. a: Lateral view of longitudinally broken specimen, reflected light. b–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. b: Lateral view of longitudinal fracture surface. c: Same specimen rotated to show external surface. d: Enlargement of lower half from (a, b), reflected light. e, f: Specimen figured originally as a paratype of M. cantia, V.22954 (Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 3), reflected light. e: Ventral view with much of the endocarp wall fallen away exposing smooth convex ventral surface of locule cast. f: Transversely fractured surface, showing thick wall of the endocarp, and dehiscence plane leading to the left limb of the locule. g: Transversely sectioned, laterally compressed specimen from Miocene of Wiesa, Germany for comparison, Senckenberg Museum, SM.B. 21034/I. h–j: Digital transverse sections from micro-CT data of the Holotype V.22953. h: Transverse fracture surface from (b), showing curved locule and zone of weakness defining the germination valve (arrow), reflected light. i: Same orientation with clear demarcation of the separation plane of the germination valve (arrow), digital section from micro-CT scan. j: Enlargement from (h). Scale bars 5 mm.
FIGURE 2. CMM-V-10108, a in A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation
FIGURE 2. CMM-V-10108, a Miocene pathological cetacean vertebra associated with the one shown in Figures 5 and 6. A. Anterior view showing a major shear-compression fracture with comminution. B. right lateral view, and C. posterior view showing the intact fused epiphysis.
FIGURE 3. CMM-V-10108 in A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation
FIGURE 3. CMM-V-10108, shear-fractured Miocene cetacean lumbar vertebra in three transverse CT-scan images. These CT-scan images cut through the vertebra in an anterodorsal-posteroventral direction. A. CT-scan image through the anterior portion of the vertebra showing the wide-open lumen of the shear-compression fracture. B. CT-scan image from approximately 1 cm behind A, showing the thickness of the periosteal reactive bone layer. C. CT-image at about the midpoint in the length of the vertebra showing the posterior-most part of the sheared base of the centrum compressed (telescoped) into the body of the centrum.
FIGURE 7. CMM-V-8522 in A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation
FIGURE 7. CMM-V-8522, Otodus megalodon lower anterior tooth in labial view. This tooth was found touching one of the two pathological vertebrae (CMM-V-10108). Notice the spall-fracture marking the tip of the tooth. White scale bar equals 10 mm.
FIGURE 6. CMM-V-10108, a in A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation
FIGURE 6. CMM-V-10108, a second Miocene pathological cetacean vertebra (also shown in Figure 5) associated with the one shown in Figures 2-4. A. CT-scan image towards the anterior end of the vertebra. B. CT-scan image at about the midpoint in the length of the vertebra showing the thickness of the periosteal reactive bone.
FIGURE 8 in A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation
FIGURE 8. One possible way in which the shear-compression fracture occurred in CMM-V-10108. The posterior vertebral column was severely hyperflexed to such a degree that at least one of its vertebrae experienced a shear-compression fracture, and the periosteum was pulled away from most of the sides of both vertebrae. Artwork by Clarence (Shoe) Schumaker (CMM).
FIGURE 5. CMM-V-10108, a in A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation
FIGURE 5. CMM-V-10108, a second Miocene pathological cetacean vertebra (CT-scans shown in Figure 6) associated with the one shown in Figures 2-4. A. Posterior view showing that the neural spine is incomplete and that the sides of the centrum are covered with periosteal reactive bone. B. ventral view to highlight the periosteal reactive bone. In B, the anterior end of the centrum is up.
FIGURE. 1 in A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation
FIGURE. 1. The site along Calvert Cliffs where the two pathological cetacean vertebrae (CMM-V-10108) and associated Otodus megalodon tooth (CMM-V-8522) were found in situ in Shattuck-Zone 12. Looking north along the cliffs at Warrior's Rest. Photo by M. Ellwood.
FIGURE 4. CMM-V-10108, a in A Miocene cetacean vertebra showing a partially healed longitudinal shear-compression fracture, possibly the result of domoic acid toxicity or failed predation
FIGURE 4. CMM-V-10108, a single CT-scan image in the sagittal plane of a Miocene pathological cetacean vertebra in left lateral view showing the broken lower portion of the centrum, the displaced piece of bone, and the new bone growth (periosteal reactive bone ventrally).
Interlocked thin-ply reinforcements for improved fracture toughness and compression after impact
<p>This dataset contains data showing the effect of interlocked thin-ply reinforcement units on the fracture toughness and compression after impact strength of CFRP laminates. For both the fracture toughness and the CAI experiments, tests were conducted on non-reinforced baseline specimens, as well as reinforced specimens. These experiments were conducted to test a reinforcement concept, consisting of creating reinforcement units by interlocking two thin-ply prepreg layers with a tab-and-slit geometry. These reinforcement units are then inserted between the plies of a regular composite lay-up.</p> <p>This reinforcement concept was first presented at the 18th European Conference on Composite Materials (2018, Athens, Greece). More information on the concept can be found at: http://wwwf.imperial.ac.uk/aeronautics/research/pinholab/interlock-tabs/. </p> <p>The fracture toughness section of this dataset contains both mode I and mode II data. The mode I data was acquired using DCB specimens, and the mode II data was obtained from 4-point end notch flexure tests. Force, displacement, crack length, and strain energy release rate during the test are provided for all specimens.</p> <p>The CAI section of the dataset contains post-impact C-scans, as well as force, displacement, and strain gauge data from the subsequent compression tests.</p> <p><br> </p>
Lumbar Spine Vertebral Compression Fractures (VCFs) Dataset: MRI T1-Weighted Images for Benign and Malignant Classification
<p>This dataset was prepared for the study of classification of benign vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) secondary to osteoporosis and malignant VCFs secondary to neoplastic infiltration. The original study in which it was used aimed to assist in differentiating these conditions using three-dimensional radiomic techniques and artificial neural networks.</p> <p>This dataset was assembled from sagittal T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the lumbar spine obtained from consecutive patients diagnosed with benign or malignant VCFs at the University Hospital of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School (HCFMRP) between the years 2010 and 2019. The images were acquired using the Philips Achieva 1.5 T and 3 T MRI systems and were stored in the DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) format.</p> <p>The compilation of the dataset followed a rigorous selection and filtering process. From the initial set of cases of vertebral fractures in the lumbar region, patients who had received prior treatment (such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery), those with fractures of traumatic etiology, old fractures, patients under 18 years old, and cases of malignant fractures without biopsy confirmation were excluded. With these exclusions, the final set consists of 91 patients (36 men and 55 women, with a mean age of 64.24 ± 11.75 years), of which 47 have benign VCFs and 44 have malignant VCFs.</p> <p>For the segmentation of fractured vertebrae, the images were pre-processed by normalizing the intensity to 256 gray levels (0 to 255), and histogram equalization was applied to improve contrast. The vertebrae were semi-automatically segmented using the 3D Slicer software. Each segmentation was saved in the "nrrd" format, native to 3D Slicer. The entire segmentation process, as well as the definition and application of exclusion criteria, were supervised by a senior radiologist with 20 years of experience in musculoskeletal radiology.</p> <p>The structure of this dataset includes, in addition to the DICOM exams, a directory containing the requantized images to 256 gray levels in the "nrrd" format and another with the segmentation files in the "seg.nrrd" format. A spreadsheet with detailed information about each patient's class, sex, age, and which vertebral bodies were segmented is also available. All DICOM files in this dataset have been anonymized to ensure patient privacy.</p> <p>This dataset was structured to provide a robust basis for the training and validation of machine learning models focused on the classification of vertebral compression fractures. It was designed to aid in the massive three-dimensional extraction of radiomic features, enabling the search for radiomic signatures capable of assisting radiologists in the accurate characterization of these fractures.</p> <p>For more information on how the dataset was created and used, please refer to the original article: <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10278-023-00847-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><em>Chiari-Correia NS, Nogueira-Barbosa MH, Chiari-Correia RD, Azevedo-Marques PM. A 3D Radiomics-Based Artificial Neural Network Model for Benign Versus Malignant Vertebral Compression Fracture Classification in MRI. J Digit Imaging. 2023;36(4):1565-1577. doi:10.1007/s10278-023-00847-4</em></a></p>
Data Accompanying "Fracturing process of concrete under uniaxial and triaxial compression: insights from in-situ x-ray mechanical tests"
<p>These are the datasets analysed in "Fracturing process of concrete under uniaxial and triaxial compression: insights from <em>in-situ</em> x-ray mechanical tests" by Stamati <em>et. al.</em> (submitted on June 2020 in Cement and Concrete Research)</p> <p>The datasets contain the reconstructed x-ray 3D images of selected tests and the corresponding DVC analysis.</p> <p>Note that details regarding the DVC analysis can be found in the paper.</p> <ul> <li>Each folder contains a separate test; uniaxial compression ("<em>C-02"</em>) and triaxial compression at 5MPa ("<em>TX5-01"</em>), 10MPa ("T<em>X10-01</em>") and 15MPa ("<em>TX15-01</em>") confining pressures.</li> <li>For each test, folder 01 contains the first scan, where 01 is the reference state for the DVC analyis. Folder 01 also contains the image of the labelled largest aggregates used for the discrete DVC. Folrders 02-XX contain the scans at intermediate loading steps and the corresponding DVC analysis; "<em>reg</em>" contains the registration result in downscaled 2-binning images. "<em>ddic</em>" contains the discrete DVC computation. "<em>ldic</em>" contains the local DVC computation, before and after the merge and filtering of the grid and discrete DVC fields. "<em>strains</em>" contains the strain fields coming from the corrected merged DVC field.</li> <li>Folder "<em>stressStrain</em>" contains the stress-strain curves measured during the tests after subtracting the displacement corresponding to the loading system.</li> <li>Folder "<em>doubleScanUniaxial</em>" contains the two reconstructed images of the "repeated scan" of the uniaxial tests, from which the DVC measurement uncertainties were evaluated.</li> </ul>
Water weakening and the compressive brittle strength of carbonates: influence of fracture toughness and static friction
<p>This is the ReadMe file corresponding to the study entitled:<br>"Water weakening and the compressive brittle strength of carbonates: influence of fracture toughness and static friction"<br>By Noël C., Fryer B., Baud P. and Violay M.</p> <p>This Read-Me file has been last edited in January 2024</p> <p>This readme file describes the data repository files accompanying the above publication published in IJRMMS. <br>For any further queries please contact corentin.noel@geoazur.unice.fr</p> <p>For each type of experiments (uniaxial compression, fracture toughness and friction), a zip file contains the the file of the experiments. Each file name contain the information of the sample tested and the experimental condition (dry or saturated):<br>- The first leter(s) stands for the limestone tested: In=Indiana, L=Leitha, S=Solnhofen, St=Saint Maximin, T=Tavel.<br>- The number following is for sample referencing.<br>- The next letter is for the experiment performed: U=Uniaxial compression, K=Fracture toughness, F=Friction<br>- After a "_", the experimental conditions are described: dry=dray experiments, sat=water saturated experiments</p> <p><br>*** Uniaxial compression ***<br>Each .txt file contains:<br>- Column 1: Axial stress (MPa)<br>- Column 2: Axial strain (-)<br>- Column 3: Radial strain (-)<br>- Column 4: Volumetric strain (-)</p> <p>Additionally, each experiments also have an accoustic file (.txt ending with _AE) containing:<br>- Column 1: Axial strain (-)<br>- Column 2: Cumulative AE number</p> <p>*** Fracture toughness ***<br>Each .txt file contains:<br>- Column 1: Axial displacement (mm)<br>- Column 2: Mode I stress intensity factor KI (MPa.m(1/2))<br>- Column 3: Crack mouth openning (mm)</p> <p>*** Friction ***<br>Each .txt file contains:<br>- Column 1: Time (s)<br>- Column 2: Shear stress (MPa)<br>- Column 3: Normal stress (MPa)<br>- Column 4: Shear displacement (mm)</p> <p>Additionally, for each experiment and both under dry and water saturated conditions a .xlsx file contains the picked static shear stress at the onset of sliding for each tested normal stress as follow:<br>- Column A: Normal stress (MPa)<br>- Column B: Shear stress at onset of sliding (MPa)<br>- Column C: Shear stress at onset of sliding lower boundary (MPa)<br>- Column D: Shear stress at onset of sliding higher boundary (MPa)<br>- Column E: Uncertainty on the shear stress at onset of sliding (MPa)</p>
Survival analysis after vertebral compression fractures in population over 65 years old
<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mortality in vertebral compression fractures (VCF) is rarely directly associated with the fracture. Lower mortality has been demonstrated when fractures are treated surgically (vertebral augmentation) versus conservatively. However, the exact mechanism that justifies this increased survival is unknown. This study aims to analyze overall survival in elderly patients who have suffered a non-pathological VCF, its causes, and the relationship with different factors.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>All patients over 65 years old diagnosed with acute, non-pathologic thoracic or lumbar VCF, treated consecutively in our center from January 2017 to December 2020, were retrospectively selected for analysis. Those patients with follow-ups under two years or who required arthrodesis due to poor fracture evolution were excluded. Only the first process was considered for patients who presented a second VCF in the first three months.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 509 consecutive fractures were registered. Seventeen were excluded, leaving 492 cases for final analysis. The mean age was 78.9 years old. Overall mortality was 36.2%. Survival rate at 1-, 12-, 24-, 48-, and 60-month follow-up was 97.4%, 86.6%, 78.0%, 64.4%, and 59.4%, respectively. The independent factors associated with a higher mortality risk were age, male, oncologic history, non-traumatic mechanism, and co-morbidity during hospitalization. No statistical differences were found when comparing the two survival curves by treatment (vertebral augmentation vs. conservative management) over time. No benefit was observed in those patients with comprehensive outpatient geriatric care. </p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Age, male sex, history of oncological disease, non-traumatic mechanism of the fracture, and any comorbidity during hospitalization were identified as variables independently associated with a higher risk of mortality following a VCF in the elderly. Vertebral augmentation and comprehensive outpatient geriatric care showed no benefit in overall survival.</p>
Clinical Trial Evaluating Acutrak Headless Compression Screw Fixation of Medial Malleolus Fractures
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03061279. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
Pelvis RCT: Impact of Surgery on Pain in Lateral Compression Type Pelvic Fractures
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02625766. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 12.
Denosumab and Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05058443. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Effect of 60-day Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS) in Alleviating Pain and Improving Function After Acute Thoracolumbar Compression Fracture
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07079865. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 9.
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