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71 results for “frequency-dependence”
Data related to the article "Frequency-dependent impedance of nanocapacitors from electrode charge fluctuations as a probe of electrolyte dynamics"
<p>Contains input files and data used to generate the figures of the article:</p> <p>Frequency-dependent impedance of nanocapacitors from electrode charge fluctuations as a probe of electrolyte dynamics<br> (Giovanni Pireddu and Benjamin Rotenberg)</p> <p>arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.13322</p> <p>The folder EXAMPLE_INPUT_FILES contains typical <a href="https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.02373">MetalWalls</a> (<a href="https://gitlab.com/ampere2/metalwalls">repository</a>) input files used to perform the simulations.</p> <p>The folder DATA_FIGURES contains the processed data used to plot all the figures of the paper (see below).<br> </p> <p>The 'd*' labels are used in the directory or file names to refer to the following interelectrode distances considered:<br> - 'd1' corresponds to 2.51 nm;<br> - 'd2' corresponds to 4.94 nm;<br> - 'd3' corresponds to 9.76 nm;<br> - 'd4' corresponds to 19.42 nm;</p> <p><br> Figure 1:<br> - 'Fig1_Continuum.dat': <br> - Capacitance calculated considering a continuum approximation<br> - 'Fig1_DDS.dat':<br> - Capacitance calculated considering the DDS model (three capacitors in series)<br> - 'Fig1_MD.dat':<br> - Capacitance calculated from MD simulations. Includes the capacitance of the empty capacitor.</p> <p>Figure 2:<br> Panel A<br> - 'Fig2_QACFd*.dat':<br> - Time autocorrelation function of the electrode charge fluctuations<br> Panel B<br> - 'Fig2_Qrampd*.dat':<br> - Charge profile upon a step in voltage (0 to 1 V)<br> - 'Fig2_Vramp.dat':<br> - Voltage ramp related to the charging profiles<br> Panel C<br> - 'Fig2_QACFNormd*.dat':<br> - Normalized charge autocorrelation function<br> -'Fig2_QrampNormd*.dat'<br> - Normalized charge profile</p> <p>Figure 3:<br> - 'Fig3_MDd*.dat':<br> - Real and imaginary parts of impedance as estimated from MD simulations<br> - 'Fig3_ECd*.dat'<br> - Real and imaginary parts of impedance as calculated from the equivalent circuit models</p> <p>Figure 4:<br> - 'Fig4_MDd*.dat':<br> - Magnitude of admittance as estimated from MD simulations<br> - 'Fig4_Debyed*.dat':<br> - Magnitude of admittance as calculated from the Debye relaxation model<br> Inset<br> - 'Fig4_MDTau.dat':<br> - Relaxation time estimated from MD simulations<br> - 'Fig4_TauFit.dat':<br> - Fit of the relaxation time</p>
Data from: Exploring polymorphism in a palatable prey: Predation risk and frequency-dependence in relation to distinct levels of conspicuousness
<p>Camouflage and warning signals are different anti-predator strategies, which offer an excellent opportunity to study the evolutionary forces acting on prey appearance. Edible prey often escape detection via camouflage, which usually leads to apostatic selection favoring rare morphs. By contrast, defended prey often display conspicuous coloration acting as warning signals to predators, which usually leads to positive frequency-dependence and signal uniformity. However, when two morphs of the same species vary greatly in conspicuousness, the maintenance of both cryptic and conspicuous forms in profitable prey populations remains enigmatic. Using the white and melanic morphs of the invasive box tree moth (<em>Cydalima perspectalis</em>) presented at three different frequencies, we investigate a) the palatability of caterpillars and adult moths to birds, b) predation rates on the less conspicuous melanic morph, and c) the role of frequency-dependence in balancing morph frequencies. Our results show that caterpillars are distasteful for birds but not adult moths, which are fully palatable. We found that the less conspicuous, melanic morph, benefits from reduced predation due to its lower detectability. The more conspicuous, white morph, instead, is more predated and is best off when common, suggesting positive-frequency dependence. These results offer new insights into the evolution of color polymorphism and prey defenses in a polymorphic moth species. Further investigation is required to understand the role of different predation regimes on the maintenance of the polymorphism in this species, and test if additional selection pressures operate in natural populations.</p>
Frequency-dependent hybridization contributes to habitat segregation in monkeyflowers
<p>Spatial segregation of closely related species is usually attributed to differences in stress tolerance and competitive ability. For both animals and plants, reproductive interactions between close relatives can impose a fitness cost that is more detrimental to the rarer species. Frequency-dependent mating interactions may thus prevent the establishment of immigrants within heterospecific populations, maintaining spatial segregation of species. Despite strong spatial segregation in natural populations, two sympatric California monkeyflowers (<i>Mimulus nudatus</i> and <i>M. guttatus</i>) survive and reproduce in the other's habitat when transplanted reciprocally. We hypothesized that a frequency-dependent mating disadvantage maintains spatial segregation of these monkeyflowers during natural immigration. To evaluate this hypothesis, we performed two field experiments. First, we experimentally added immigrants in varying numbers to sites dominated by heterospecifics. Second, we reciprocally transplanted arrays of varying resident and immigrant frequency. Immigrant seed viability decreased with conspecific rarity for <i>M. guttatus</i>, but not <i>M. nudatus</i>. We observed immigrant minority disadvantage for both species, but driven by different factors– frequency-dependent hybridization for <i>M. guttatus</i>, and competition for resources and/or pollinators for <i>M. nudatus</i>. Overall, our results suggest a major role for reproductive interference in spatial segregation that should be evaluated along with stress tolerance and competitive ability.</p>
Data from: Meta-analytical evidence for frequency-dependent selection across the tree of life
<p>Explaining the maintenance of genetic variation in fitness related traits within populations is a fundamental challenge in ecology and evolutionary biology. Frequency-dependent selection (FDS) is one mechanism that can maintain such variation, especially when selection favours rare variants (negative FDS). However, our general knowledge about the occurrence of FDS, its strength and direction remain fragmented, limiting general inferences about this important evolutionary process. We systematically reviewed the published literature on FDS and assembled a database of 747 effect sizes from 101 studies to analyse the occurrence, strength, and direction of FDS, and the factors that could explain heterogeneity in FDS. Using a meta-analysis, we found that overall, FDS is more commonly negative, although not significantly when accounting for phylogeny. An analysis of absolute values of effect sizes, however, revealed the widespread occurrence of modest FDS. However, negative FDS was only significant in laboratory experiments and non-significant in mesocosms and field-based studies. Moreover, negative FDS was stronger in studies measuring fecundity and involving resource competition over studies using other fitness components or focused on other ecological interactions. Our study unveils key general patterns of FDS and points in future promising research directions that can help us understand a long-standing fundamental problem in evolutionary biology and its consequences for demography and ecological dynamics.</p>
Detecting frequency-dependent selection through the effects of genotype similarity on fitness components
<p>Frequency-dependent selection (FDS) is an evolutionary regime that can maintain or reduce polymorphisms. Despite the increasing availability of polymorphism data, few effective methods are available for estimating the gradient of FDS from the observed fitness components. We modeled the effects of genotype similarity on individual fitness to develop a selection gradient analysis of FDS. This modeling enabled us to estimate FDS by regressing fitness components on the genotype similarity among individuals. We detected known negative FDS on the visible polymorphism in a wild <em>Arabidopsis</em> and damselfly by applying this analysis to single-locus data. Further, we simulated genome-wide polymorphisms and fitness components to modify the single-locus analysis as a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The simulation showed that negative or positive FDS could be distinguished through the estimated effects of genotype similarity on simulated fitness. Moreover, we conducted the GWAS of the reproductive branch number in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> and found that negative FDS was enriched among the top-associated polymorphisms of FDS. These results showed the potential applicability of the proposed method for FDS on both visible polymorphism and genome-wide polymorphisms. Overall, our study provides an effective method for selection gradient analysis to understand the maintenance or loss of polymorphism.</p>
Dataset: Formulation and Implementation of Frequency-Dependent Linear Response Properties with Relativistic Coupled Cluster Theory for GPU-accelerated Computer Architectures
<p>This dataset collects the data (outputs, coordinate files) for the calculations presented in the manuscript "Formulation and Implementation of Frequency-Dependent Linear Response Properties with Relativistic Coupled<br> Cluster Theory for GPU-accelerated Computer Architectures".</p>
Dataset: Frequency-Dependent Quadratic Response Properties and Two-photon Absorption from Relativistic Equation-of-Motion Coupled Cluster Theory
<p>This dataset comprises outputs and post-processing results related to the paper "Frequency-Dependent Quadratic Response Properties and Two-photon Absorption from Relativistic Equation-of-Motion Coupled Cluster Theory", by Xiang Yuan, Loic Halbert, Lucas Visscher and Andre Severo Pereira Gomes.</p>
Data from: Meta-analytical evidence for frequency-dependent selection across the tree of life
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Data from: Exploring polymorphism in a palatable prey: Predation risk and frequency-dependence in relation to distinct levels of conspicuousness
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Frequency-dependent hybridization contributes to habitat segregation in monkeyflowers
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Detecting frequency-dependent selection through the effects of genotype similarity on fitness components
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Human commercial models' eye colour shows negative frequency-dependent selection
In this study we investigated the eye colour of human commercial models registered in the UK (400 female and 400 male) and Brazil (400 female and 400 male) to test the hypothesis that model eye colour frequency was the result of negative frequency-dependent selection. The eye colours of the models were classified as: blue, brown or intermediate. Chi-square analyses of data for countries separated by sex showed that in the United Kingdom brown eyes and intermediate colours were significantly more frequent than expected in comparison to the general United Kingdom population (P<0.001). In Brazil, the most frequent eye colour brown was significantly less frequent than expected in comparison to the general Brazilian population. These results support the hypothesis that model eye colour is the result of negative frequency-dependent selection. This could be the result of people using eye colour as a marker of genetic diversity and finding rarer eye colours more attractive because of the potential advantage more genetically diverse offspring that could result from such a choice. Eye colour may be important because in comparison to many other physical traits (e.g., hair colour) it is hard to modify, hide or disguise, and it is highly polymorphic.
Data from: Frequency-dependence shapes the adaptive landscape of imperfect Batesian mimicry
Despite more than a century of biological research on the evolution and maintenance of mimetic signals, the relative frequencies of models and mimics necessary to establish and maintain Batesian mimicry in natural populations remains understudied. Here we investigate the frequency-dependent dynamics of imperfect Batesian mimicry, using predation experiments involving artificial butterfly models. We use two geographically distinct populations of Adelpha butterflies that vary in their relative frequencies of a putatively defended model (Adelpha iphiclus) and Batesian mimic (Adelpha serpa). We found that in Costa Rica, where both species share similar abundances, Batesian mimicry breaks down, and predators more readily attack artificial butterfly models of the presumed mimic, A. serpa. In contrast, in Ecuador, where A. iphiclus (model) is significantly more abundant than A. serpa (mimic), both species are equally protected from predation. Our results provide compelling experimental evidence that imperfect Batesian mimicry is frequency-dependent on the relative abundance of models and mimics in natural populations, and contribute to the growing body of evidence that complex dynamics, such as seasonality or the availability of alternative prey, influence the evolution of mimetic traits.
Causation without correlation: Parasite-mediated frequency-dependent selection and infection prevalence
<p>Parasite-mediated selection is thought to maintain host genetic diversity for resistance. We might thus expect to find a strong positive correlation between host genetic diversity and infection prevalence across natural populations. Here, we used computer simulations to examine host–parasite coevolution in 20 simi-isolated clonal populations across a broad range of values for both parasite virulence and parasite fecundity. We found that the correlation between host genetic diversity and infection prevalence can be significantly positive for intermediate values of parasite virulence and fecundity. But the correlation can also be weak and statistically non-significant, even when parasite-mediated frequency-dependent selection is the sole force maintaining host diversity. Hence correlational analyses of field populations, while useful, might underestimate the role of parasites in maintaining host diversity.</p>
Dataset of "Modelling the Frequency-Dependent Effective Excess Charge Density in Partially Saturated Porous Media"
<p>This dataset supports the research study 'Modelling the Frequency-Dependent Effective Excess Charge Density in Partially Saturated Porous Media' by S. G. Solazzi, L. D Thanh, K. Hu, and D. Jougnot.</p> <p>We provide with a commented MATLAB code (Freq_Sat_SP.m) for estimating the frequency-dependent (i) effective excess charge density, (ii) the electrokinetic coupling coefficient, and (iii) the effective dynamic permeability for partially saturated porous media. The code allows to consider fractal, lognormal, and double lognormal pore size distributions.</p>
Frequency-dependent viscosity of salmon ovarian fluid has biophysical implications for sperm-egg interactions
<p>Gamete-level sexual selection of externally fertilising species is usually achieved by modifying sperm behaviour with mechanisms thought to alter the chemical environment in which gametes perform. In fish this can be accomplished through the ovarian fluid, a substance released with the eggs at spawning. While its biochemical effects in relation to sperm energetics have been investigated, the influence of the physical environment in which sperm compete remains poorly explored. Our objective was therefore to gain insights on the physical structure of this fluid and potential impacts on reproduction. Using soft-matter physics approaches of steady-state and oscillatory viscosity measurements, we subjected salmon ovarian fluids to variable shear stresses and frequencies resembling those exerted by sperm swimming through the fluid near eggs. We show that this fluid, which in its relaxed state is a gel-like substance, displays a non-Newtonian viscoelastic and shear-thinning profile, where the viscosity decreases with increasing shear rates. We concurrently find that this fluid obeys the Cox-Merz rule below 7.6 Hz and infringes it above, thus indicating a shear-thickening phase where viscosity increases provided it is probed gently enough. This suggests the presence of a unique frequency-dependant structural network with relevant implications on sperm energetics and fertilisation dynamics.</p>
Local field potentials reflect cortical population dynamics in a region-specific and frequency-dependent manner
<p>The spiking activity of populations of cortical neurons is well described by a small number of population-wide covariance patterns, the "latent dynamics". These latent dynamics are largely driven by the same correlated synaptic currents across the circuit that determine the generation of local field potentials (LFP). Yet, the relationship between latent dynamics and LFPs remains largely unexplored. Here, we characterised this relationship for three different regions of primate sensorimotor cortex during reaching. The correlation between latent dynamics and LFPs was frequency-dependent and varied across regions. However, for any given region, this relationship remained stable across behaviour: in each of the primary motor and premotor cortices, the LFP-latent dynamics correlation profile was remarkably similar between movement planning and execution. These robust associations between LFPs and neural population latent dynamics help bridge the wealth of studies reporting neural correlates of behaviour using either type of recording.</p>
Data from: Frequency-dependent tolerance to aircraft disturbance drastically alters predicted impact on shorebirds
<p>This data package includes data and R script belonging to the publication "Frequency-dependent tolerance to aircraft disturbance drastically alters predicted impact on shorebirds" by van der Kolk et al. (2024) in Ecology Letters.</p> <p>The script analysis_figures_vanderKolketal2024.R can be used to reproduce all analysis and figures in the manuscript. The Figures are stored in the Output folder.</p> <p>The data folder includes an excel file with metadata explaining all columns in the csv files.</p>
Frequency-dependent mechanical properties of the Greenland upper mantle calculated using the Very Broadband Rheology calculator
<p><strong>Frequency-dependent mechanical properties of the Greenland upper mantle calculated using the VBRc</strong></p> <p>Frequency-dependent mechanical properties of the upper mantle beneath Greenland inferred using three-dimensional Bayesian inference of mantle thermodynamic state using the Very Broadband Rheology calculator (VBRc). Mechanical properties include the complex modulus, apparent viscosity, maxwell time, and apparent lithosphere thickness. They have been calculated for two constitutive models of anelastic behaviour - master curve fit with pre-melting scaling and extended Burgers with pseudoperiod scaling.</p> <p>These results are described in:</p> <p>Paxman, G.J.G., Lau, H.C.P., Austermann, J., Holtzman, B.K., Havlin. C., (2023), Inference of the Timescale‐Dependent Apparent Viscosity Structure in the Upper Mantle Beneath Greenland, AGU Advances 4(2), doi: 10.1029/2022AV000751.</p> <p>All variables are contained within a single NetCDF file.</p>
Frequency-Dependent Effects of Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Autonomic and Cardiovascular Parameters
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07274332. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.