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26 results for “freshwater bivalves”
Figure 3 in The ecology of freshwater bivalves in the Lake Sapanca basin, Turkey
Figure 3. Length–frequency distribution of (a) Unio crassus, (b) Unio pictorum, (c) Anodonta anatina, (d) Anodonta cygnea in the Lake Sapanca basin.
Fig. 12 in Pathobiology and first report of larval nematodes (Ascaridomorpha sp.) infecting freshwater mussels (Villosa nebulosa, Unionidae), including an inventory of nematode infections in freshwater and marine bivalves
Fig. 12. Second-stage larva of Ascaridomorpha sp. (Nematoda) infecting Villosa nebulosa, in lateral view. Posterior end of body showing anus (a), rectal glands (rg).
Fig. 7 in Pathobiology and first report of larval nematodes (Ascaridomorpha sp.) infecting freshwater mussels (Villosa nebulosa, Unionidae), including an inventory of nematode infections in freshwater and marine bivalves
Fig. 7. Uninfected intestine of Villosa nebulosa showing ciliated columnar epithelium (ce), and connective tissue (ct).
Fig. 2 in Pathobiology and first report of larval nematodes (Ascaridomorpha sp.) infecting freshwater mussels (Villosa nebulosa, Unionidae), including an inventory of nematode infections in freshwater and marine bivalves
Fig. 2. Ventral portion of infected foot of Villosa nebulosa showing a nematode infection (ne), myofibers (mf), basophilic granulocytes (bg), and pedal epithelium (pe).
Fig. 10 in Pathobiology and first report of larval nematodes (Ascaridomorpha sp.) infecting freshwater mussels (Villosa nebulosa, Unionidae), including an inventory of nematode infections in freshwater and marine bivalves
Fig. 10. Second-stage larva of Ascaridomorpha sp. (Nematoda) infecting Villosa nebulosa, in lateral view. Anterior end of body showing lips (l), pharynx (p), and esophagus (es).
Fig. 1 in Pathobiology and first report of larval nematodes (Ascaridomorpha sp.) infecting freshwater mussels (Villosa nebulosa, Unionidae), including an inventory of nematode infections in freshwater and marine bivalves
Fig. 1. Ventral portion of an uninfected foot of Villosa nebulosa showing myofibers (mf), basophilic granulocytes (bg), and pedal epithelium (pe).
Fig. 13 in Pathobiology and first report of larval nematodes (Ascaridomorpha sp.) infecting freshwater mussels (Villosa nebulosa, Unionidae), including an inventory of nematode infections in freshwater and marine bivalves
Fig. 13. Phylogenetic interrelationships of nematodes (Cosmocercoidea, Seuratoidea) based on sequences of the 18S rDNA, generated from Bayesian inference. Nodal supports were estimated by Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) after running the Markov chain Monte Carlo (2 runs 4 chains, 4 × 106 generations, sampling frequency = 4 × 103, burn-in = 1 × 106). Sequence obtained in the present study is in bold.
Figure 4 in The global freshwater bivalve checklist's extension: Freshwater occurrences and phylogenetic position of Galatea clams from West Africa (Venerida: Donacidae)
Figure 4. Shells of Galatea paradoxa from freshwater section of Niger River, Nigeria (sample RMBH biv1086, Yenagoa). Scale bar = 10 mm. (Photos: Ilya V. Vikhrev).
Figure 3 in The global freshwater bivalve checklist's extension: Freshwater occurrences and phylogenetic position of Galatea clams from West Africa (Venerida: Donacidae)
Figure 3. Shells of Galatea schwabi from Sanaga River, Cameroon. (A-B) Topotypes RMBH biv800, Mouanko (lower reaches, slightly brackish section). (C-D) Specimens RMBH biv801, Monatélé (middle reaches, freshwater section). Red arrows show well-developed muscle attachment scars. Scale bar = 10 mm. (Photos: Artem A. Lyubas).
Figure 5 in The global freshwater bivalve checklist's extension: Freshwater occurrences and phylogenetic position of Galatea clams from West Africa (Venerida: Donacidae)
Figure 5. Maximum likelihood (IQ-TREE) phylogeny of Bivalvia (Venerida and Adapedonta) based on the COI gene sequences (Table 1). A Galatea member is dark red. Scale bar indicates the branch lengths (substitutions per site). Black numbers near nodes indicate the ultrafast bootstrap support (BS) values.
Figure 1 in The global freshwater bivalve checklist's extension: Freshwater occurrences and phylogenetic position of Galatea clams from West Africa (Venerida: Donacidae)
Figure 1. Occurrences of Galatea schwabi (red stars) and Galatea paradoxa (light green stars). The locality data is given in Table 2. Freshwater basins are colored as follows: Sanaga (1), Cross (2), Niger (3), and Volta (4). The red dash indicates the Edea Hydroelectric Power Station's dam on the Sanaga River. (Map: Mikhail Y. Gofarov).
Figure 1 in First record of Sinanodonta woodiana and report for freshwater bivalves from Iraq (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionidae)
Figure 1. Sinanodonta woodiana from Iraq. (a) Right valve of a live specimen with a total shell length 14 cm and shell height 8 cm. (b) Dorsal view of specimen with the umbo sculpture composed of parallel bars, characteristic of Sinanodonta woodiana. Total shell length was 14 cm. (Photos: Dr. Al- Fanharawi).
Figure 2 in Phylogenetic structure of the Sphaeriinae, a global clade of freshwater bivalve molluscs, inferred from nuclear (ITS-1) and mitochondrial (16S) ribosomal gene sequences
Figure 2. Strict consensus of the 1040 equally most parsimonious trees (L = 445; CI = 0.724; RI = 0.886) obtained from the phylogenetic analysis of sphaeriid nuclear ITS1 rDNA sequences. The inferred evolutionary gain and loss of a ~160 nt fragment are indicated. Two Eupera species, E. cubensis and E. platensis, were designated as outgroups and inferred sequence gaps were considered as missing data. Numbers above the branches represent bootstrap values and numbers below indicate decay index values.
Figure 3 in Phylogenetic structure of the Sphaeriinae, a global clade of freshwater bivalve molluscs, inferred from nuclear (ITS-1) and mitochondrial (16S) ribosomal gene sequences
Figure 3. The single most-parsimonious tree (L = 951; CI = 0.568; RI = 0.793) obtained from the maximum parsimony analysis of combined (16S + ITS1) sequence dataset. Maximum likelihood analysis produced a largely congruent topology (HKY model; Ln likelihood = - 7034.61154) with the only difference being Pisidium dubium sister to Sphaerium/Musculium clade. Taxonomic names are arranged according to suggested sphaeriinid taxonomy in the present study and five major monophyletic lineages are indicated. Two Eupera species, E. cubensis and E. platensis, were designated as outgroups. MP bootstrap values are shown to the left of the slash and decay index values to the right above the branches. Numbers below the branches indicate ML bootstrap values.
Figure 1 in Phylogenetic structure of the Sphaeriinae, a global clade of freshwater bivalve molluscs, inferred from nuclear (ITS-1) and mitochondrial (16S) ribosomal gene sequences
Figure 1. Strict consensus of the four equally most parsimonious trees (L = 526; CI = 0.447; RI = 0.743) obtained from the phylogenetic analysis of sphaeriid mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences. Two Eupera species, E. cubensis and E. platensis, were designated as outgroups and inferred sequence gaps were considered as missing data. Numbers above the branches represent bootstrap values and numbers below indicate decay index values.
Gene family amplification facilitates adaptation in freshwater Unionid bivalve Megalonaias nervosa
<p>As organisms are faced with intense rapidly changing selective pressures, new genetic material is required to facilitate adaptation. Among sources of genetic novelty, gene duplications and transposable elements (TEs) offer new genes or new regulatory patterns that can facilitate evolutionary change. With advances in genome sequencing it is possible to gain a broader view of how gene family proliferation and TE content evolve in non-model species when populations become threatened. Freshwater bivalves (Unionidae) currently face severe anthropogenic challenges. Over 70% of species in the United States are threatened, endangered or extinct due to pollution, damming of waterways, and overfishing. We have created a reference genome for M. nervosa to determine how genome content has evolved in the face of these widespread environmental challenges. We observe a burst of recent transposable element proliferation causing a 382 Mb expansion in genome content. Gene family expansion is common, with a duplication rate of 1.16 x 10^-8 per gene per generation. Cytochrome P450, ABC transporters, Hsp70 genes, von Willebrand proteins, chitin metabolism genes, mitochondria eating proteins, and opsin gene families have experienced significantly greater amplification and show signatures of selection. We use evolutionary theory to assess the relative contribution of SNPs and duplications in evolutionary change. Estimates suggest that gene family evolution may offer an exceptional substrate of genetic variation in M. nervosa, with Psgv=0.185 compared with Psgv=0.067 for single nucleotide changes. Hence, we suggest that gene family evolution is a source of "hopeful monsters" within the genome that facilitate adaptation.</p>
Figure 2 in The ecology of freshwater bivalves in the Lake Sapanca basin, Turkey
Figure 2. Growth curves of Unio crassus and U. pictorum from the Lake Sapanca basin.
Figure 1 in The ecology of freshwater bivalves in the Lake Sapanca basin, Turkey
Figure 1. Sampling sites in the Lake Sapanca basin.
Figure 2 in The global freshwater bivalve checklist's extension: Freshwater occurrences and phylogenetic position of Galatea clams from West Africa (Venerida: Donacidae)
Figure 2. Sanaga River in Cameroon, habitat of Galatea schwabi. (Photo: Jean J. Braun).
Figure 2 in First record of Sinanodonta woodiana and report for freshwater bivalves from Iraq (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionidae)
Figure 2. Map of the collection site and Hilla River.
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