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21 results for “fruiting phenology”
Rainforest phenology: flower, fruit and seed production from biweekly collections of 200 traps in the Yasuní Forest Dynamics Plot, Ecuador, 2000-2018
We provide data on flowering and fruiting phenology from an equatorial, ever-wet rainforest in eastern Ecuador, in Yasuni National Park. This is the first long-term study (18 years) of phenology in a diverse equatorial neotropical forest. Although the site is ever-wet, there is some seasonal variation in rainfall and irradiance. One major question was to determine whether the seasonal variation in climate was sufficient to drive seasonality in reproduction in this hyper-diverse forest. The study began in 2000 with various funding, and became an LTREB-funded project in 2006. We used twice monthly censuses of 200 traps to document phenology. Parts of >1000 species were identified in the traps in the 18 year period (ending early in 2018), including trees, shrubs, lianas and epiphytes. Parts identified included buds, flowers, mature fruits and mature seeds, and aborted, damaged and immature fruits and seeds. The project is on-going, and additional data will be added as it is processed.
Figure 2 in FlorAl biometrics And phenologicAl chArActeriZAtion of flowering And fruiting of the passion fruit PAssiflorA TrinTAE in southwestern BAhiA, BrAZil
Figure 2. Illustration of Passiflora trintae showing the floral parts. A. Sepal and petal; B. Lateral view of flower. C. Apical view of flower. Bar = 1 cm.
Figure 4 in FlorAl biometrics And phenologicAl chArActeriZAtion of flowering And fruiting of the passion fruit PAssiflorA TrinTAE in southwestern BAhiA, BrAZil
Figure 4. Average, maximum, and minimum temperature and precipitation from June 2012 to May 2013, in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil (INMET 2013). The bars represent precipitation data, and the lines represent temperature data.
Fruiting phenology patterns supplemental files
<p>Supplemental files from "Solar radiation and ENSO predict fruiting phenology patterns in a 15-year record from Kibale National Park, Uganda"</p>
Beyond the usual climate? Factors determining flowering and fruiting phenology across a genus over 117 years
<p><span>Premise</span>: Although changes in plant phenology are largely attributed to changes in climate, the roles of other factors, such as genetic constraints, competition, and self-compatibility, are underexplored. </p> <p><span>Methods</span>: We compiled >900 herbarium records spanning 117 years for all 8 nominal species of the winter-annual genus <em>Leavenworthia</em> (Brassicaceae). We used linear regression to determine the rate of phenological change across years and phenological sensitivity to climate. Using a variance partitioning analysis, we assessed the relative influence of climatic and non-climatic factors (self-compatibility, range overlap, latitude, and year) on <em>Leavenworthia</em> reproductive phenology. </p> <p><span>Key Results</span>: Flowering advanced by ~2.0 days and fruiting ~1.3 days per decade. For every 1°C increase in spring temperature, flowering advanced ~2.3 days and fruiting ~3.3 days. For every 100 mm decrease in spring precipitation, each advanced ~6-7 days. The best models explained 35.4% of flowering variance and 33.9% of fruiting. Spring precipitation accounted for 51.3% of explained variance in flowering date and 44.6% in fruiting. Mean spring temperature accounted for 10.6% and 19.3%, respectively. Year accounted for 16.6% of flowering variance and 5.4% of fruiting, and latitude 2.3% and 15.1%, respectively. Non-climatic variables combined accounted for <11% of the variance across phenophases.</p> <p><span>Conclusions</span>: Spring precipitation, alongside other climate and climatically-related factors, were dominant predictors of phenological variance. Our results emphasize the strong effect of precipitation on phenology, especially in moisture-limited habitats preferred by <em>Leavenworthia</em>. Amongst the many factors that determine phenology, climate is the dominant influence, indicating the effects of climate change on phenology are expected to increase.</p>
Beyond the usual climate? Factors determining flowering and fruiting phenology across a genus over 117 years
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Figure 3 in FlorAl biometrics And phenologicAl chArActeriZAtion of flowering And fruiting of the passion fruit PAssiflorA TrinTAE in southwestern BAhiA, BrAZil
Figure 3. Flowers of Passiflora trintae in the sampling site.
Flowering and fruiting phenology data in Fagaceae in Asia
<p>The seasonal timing of flowering and fruiting is crucial for the reproductive success of plants and for resource availability to animals. Although plants synchronize their reproductive timing to coincide with appropriate seasons by responding to environmental cues, seasonal variations in temperature and precipitation vary minimally in very wet tropical environments. To explore the latitudinal cline in the reproductive phenology of the Fagaceae in Asia, we analyzed phenology data for a total of 94, 121 and 219 species from Thailand, Malesia and China, respectively, in the three genera of Fagaceae, <em>Quercus</em>, <em>Castanopsis</em>, and <em>Lithocarpus</em>. We found that <em>Quercus</em> and <em>Castanopsis</em> showed flowering peaks in April in China. In Thailand, the peak shifted to an earlier month, and the peak disappeared in Malesia. The flowering period lengthened with decreasing latitude in the animal-pollinated genera <em>Castanopsis</em> and <em>Lithocarpus</em>. However, this was not the case for the wind-pollinated genus <em>Quercus</em>. The fruiting period lengthened with decreasing latitude in all three genera. We examined the relationship between reproductive phenology and climatic factors. The combination of monthly temperature and precipitation best explained the monthly change in the proportion of flowering and fruiting species in China in all three genera. However, climatic factors had almost no impact on the predictive ability of the model in Malesia. Our results on phenological shifts in the family Fagaceae, from the temperate climates and seasonal tropics to the humid tropics, provide valuable information for predicting phenological changes in future climate change.</p>
Data from: Seasonality in the equatorial tropics: Flower, fruit and leaf phenology of montane trees in the highlands of southwest Uganda
<p>Phenology influences many forest functions and can inform forest conservation and management, yet representative phenological data for most common tropical forest tree species remain sparse or absent. Between June 2011 and December 2013, we investigated flowering, fruiting and leafing patterns in the Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, a montane forest located near the equator in Uganda, drawing on 16,410 observations of 530 trees of 54 species located between 2,066 and 2,527 m in elevation. The park's climate is equatorial with two wet and dry seasons each year. Flowering and fruiting were strongly seasonal while patterns in leafing were less pronounced. Flower occurrence peaked at the beginning of the short dry season followed by a pronounced trough during the beginning and the middle of the short wet season. Fruit occurrence had a pronounced peak during high rainfall months in March through April with most fruits ripening during drier months in May through July. Fruit scarcity was observed for a 4-month period spanning September to December and most flushing of leaves noted at the end of the wet season in November and December. Our binomial generalised linear mixed models (GLMM) indicated that flowering and fruiting were negatively associated with temperature and that leafing activity was positively associated with rainfall and temperature. These findings are consistent with the insolation- and water-limitation hypotheses suggesting that the seasonally varying availability of resources such as light, water and nutrients determines these phenological patterns. Ideally, prolonged, multi-year community-level studies would be supported so as to better characterise the influence of climate and of climate variability.</p>
Data from: Fruiting phenology is linked to rainfall variability in a tropical rain forest
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Data from: Seasonality in the equatorial tropics: Flower, fruit and leaf phenology of montane trees in the highlands of southwest Uganda
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Flowering and fruiting phenology data in Fagaceae in Asia
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Warming reduces mid-summer flowering plant reproductive success through advancing fruiting phenology in an alpine meadow
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Data from: Flower phenology as a disruptor of the fruiting dynamics in temperate oak species
<ul> <li> <p class="western"><span>Many perennial plants display masting, <i>i.e.,</i> fruiting with strong interannual variations, irregular and synchronized between trees within the population. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the early flower phenology in temperate oak species promotes stochasticity into their fruiting dynamics, which could play a major role in tree reproductive success.</span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western"><span>From large field monitoring network, we compared the pollen phenology between temperate and Mediterranean oak species. Then, focusing on temperate oak species, we explored the influence of the weather around the time of bud-burst and flowering on seed production, and simulated with a mechanistic model the consequences an evolutionary shifting of flower phenology would have on fruiting dynamics.</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span>Temperate oak species release pollen earlier in the season than Mediterranean oak species. Such early flowering in temperate oak species results in pollen being often released during unfavorable weather conditions and resulting in frequent reproductive failure. If pollen release was delayed due to natural selection, fruiting dynamics would exhibit much reduced stochastic variation.</span></p> </li> <li> <p class="western"><span>We propose that early flower phenology might be adaptive by making mast-seeding years rare and unpredictable, which would greatly help controlling the dynamics of seed consumers.</span></p> </li> </ul>
Subannual phenology and the effect of staggered fruit ripening on dispersal competition
<p>Seed dispersal mutualisms evolve in complex communities of plants and frugivorous animals, within which indirect interactions such as competition and facilitation can occur. Many tropical plants reproduce subannually in multiple episodes per year. Yet, the consequences of episodic reproduction on interactions with seed dispersers remains largely unexplored. We studied <em>Guarea guidonia</em> (<em>Meliaceae</em>), a subannually reproducting tree, to examine temporal variation in seed dispersal within a tropical forested landscape in the central Dominican Republic. We hypothesized that foraging by seed dispersers would (a) increase with daily ripe fruit set on focal trees, (b) decrease with increasing ripe fruit biomass of neighboring plants, and (c) decrease in response to the fruiting periods of other taxa at the landscape scale. Over 18 months, we tracked the phenology of 24 focal trees and quantified foraging during fruiting phases through repeated observations, simultenously measuring seed dispersal in traps beneath isolated perches across the study landscape. Date was the only clear predictor of frugivore visitation, with early and late peaks in activity during the 5-month fruiting period. The midseason decline in foraging at focal trees matched a decline in <em>Guarea</em> dispersal to seed traps independently of fruit abundance. Declines in foraging associated with <em>Guarea</em> were inversely related to peak dispersal of higher quality lipid-rich fruiting species. Our results suggest that multiple flowering episodes and subsequent asynchronous fruit ripening of low-quality fruits can reduce competititive pressure from other high quality fruiting species, implying that this potentialy bet-hedging strategy may be an overlooked factor in the evolution of subannual reproduction.</p>
Data from: Explaining European fungal fruiting phenology with climate variability
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Subannual phenology and the effect of staggered fruit ripening on dispersal competition
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Data from: Flower phenology as a disruptor of the fruiting dynamics in temperate oak species
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Figure 5 in FlorAl biometrics And phenologicAl chArActeriZAtion of flowering And fruiting of the passion fruit PAssiflorA TrinTAE in southwestern BAhiA, BrAZil
Figure 5. Phenograms of Passiflora trintae in an area located in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. A. Flower bud and flowering rates, as well as flowering peak; B. Fruiting peak and rate.
Figure 1 in FlorAl biometrics And phenologicAl chArActeriZAtion of flowering And fruiting of the passion fruit PAssiflorA TrinTAE in southwestern BAhiA, BrAZil
Figure 1. Illustration of Passiflora trintae with vegetative and reproductive parts that show the complete structure of an adult plant.
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