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159 results for “functional biodiversity”
Plant community responses to functional group and species removals along biodiversity experiment vegetation transects at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 1997-2002
This dataset contains vegetative cover data of plots that have had various plant functional groups or species experimentally removed at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, USA. This data was collected with the objective to distinguish the differential effects of plant community biomass, functional groups, and biodiversity within functional groups on ecosystem and plant community function. To make these distinctions, treatments were established by the selective removal of plant species or functional groups within experimental plots. There are eight treatments: control (C, no removals); four functional group removal treatments (PG, perennial grass removed; S, shrubs removed; SSh, subshrubs removed; Succ, succulents removed), and three species richness manipulation treatments. Richness manipulations included a simplified treatment (Simp), where only the single most abundant species of each growth form is preserved and all other species in the growth form are removed, a reduced‐Larrea treatment (rL), where the Larrea is assumed to be the dominant and is removed while minority components remain, and a reduced-Prosopsis treatment (rP), where Prosopis rather than Larrea is removed as the shrub dominant. Following treatments, vegetative data was collected by sampling each plot along three transects twice a year (Spring and Fall) for 5 years from 1997-2002 (no data collected in 1998). This data set consists of the date of collection, plot number, treatment type, transect number, quadrat number, species codes, two diameters, height, condition, count, record IDs, and error codes. This study is complete.
Plant species-level responses to functional group and species removals in biodiversity experiment plots at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 1999
This dataset contains individual species size data in vegetation plots that have had various plant functional groups or species experimentally removed at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, USA. This data was collected with the objective to distinguish the differential effects of plant community biomass, functional groups, and biodiversity within functional groups on ecosystem and plant community function. To make these distinctions, treatments were established by the selective removal of plant species or functional groups within experimental plots. There are eight treatments: control (C, no removals); four functional group removal treatments (PG, perennial grass removed; S, shrubs removed; SSh, subshrubs removed; Succ, succulents removed), and three species richness manipulation treatments. Richness manipulations included a simplified treatment (Simp), where only the single most abundant species of each growth form is preserved and all other species in the growth form are removed, a reduced‐Larrea treatment (rL), where the Larrea is assumed to be the dominant and is removed while minority components remain, and a reduced-Prosopsis treatment (rP), where Prosopis rather than Larrea is removed as the shrub dominant. In 1999, this pilot study attempted to assess individual species responses of representative individuals in these treatments. Ten randomly selected individuals of eight plant species were measured in each experimental plot, and this dataset reports volumetric data (diameters and height) for each. The study was designed as an individual-based complement to the transect data in EDI dataset knb-lter-jrn.210121001 but was not continued past 1999. This dataset is complete.
Tree mortality in Forest and Biodiversity 2: a tree diversity experiment to understand the consequences of multiple dimensions of diversity and composition for long-term ecosystem function and resilience
The Forest and Biodiversity (FAB2) experiment uses native tree species in varying levels of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity planted in 100 m2 and 400 m2 plots at 1 m spacing, appropriate for testing long-term ecosystem consequences. FAB2 was designed and established in conjunction with a prior experiment (FAB1) in which the same set of twelve species was planted in 16 m2 plots at 0.5 m spacing. Both are adjacent to the BioDIV prairie-grassland diversity experiment, enabling comparative investigations of diversity and ecosystem function relationships between experimental grasslands and forests at different planting densities and plot sizes. This data package examines mortality in the first six years of the experiment.
FAB2_sapling_volume_2021-2022 in Forest and Biodiversity 2: a tree diversity experiment to understand the consequences of multiple dimensions of diversity and composition for long-term ecosystem function and resilience
The Forest and Biodiversity (FAB2) experiment uses native tree species in varying levels of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity planted in 100 m2 and 400 m2 plots at 1 m spacing, appropriate for testing long-term ecosystem consequences. FAB2 was designed and established in conjunction with a prior experiment (FAB1) in which the same set of twelve species was planted in 16 m2 plots at 0.5 m spacing. Both are adjacent to the BioDIV prairie-grassland diversity experiment, enabling comparative investigations of diversity and ecosystem function relationships between experimental grasslands and forests at different planting densities and plot sizes. This data package examines mortality in the first six years of the experiment.
fab2_allometry_2016-2022 in Forest and Biodiversity 2: a tree diversity experiment to understand the consequences of multiple dimensions of diversity and composition for long-term ecosystem function and resilience
The Forest and Biodiversity (FAB2) experiment uses native tree species in varying levels of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity planted in 100 m2 and 400 m2 plots at 1 m spacing, appropriate for testing long-term ecosystem consequences. FAB2 was designed and established in conjunction with a prior experiment (FAB1) in which the same set of twelve species was planted in 16 m2 plots at 0.5 m spacing. Both are adjacent to the BioDIV prairie-grassland diversity experiment, enabling comparative investigations of diversity and ecosystem function relationships between experimental grasslands and forests at different planting densities and plot sizes. This data package examines mortality in the first six years of the experiment.
Impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi on the taxonomic and functional diversity of forest plants in a mediterranean-type biodiversity hotspot
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Aim</strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Diversity-rich mediterranean-type sclerophyllous forests are home to 20% of described species on Earth. In the <em>Eucalyptus marginata</em> (jarrah) forest of southwest of Western Australia diversity is being reduced by extensive human use and the introduction of the plant pathogen <em>Phytophthora cinnamomi</em>. This study investigated the influence of <em>P. cinnamomi </em>infestation on the structure, taxonomic and functional diversity, and species composition of the forest.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Location</strong>: Jarrah forest of southwestern Australia</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Species<strong> </strong>abundance, understorey cover and canopy cover were assessed along 22, 30-m long transects which crossed infested and non-infested zones in five reserves in the jarrah forest. A trait database was assembled for 137 plants using 13 traits related to nutrient- and carbon acquisition, disturbance tolerance and reproduction. The responses of canopy cover, understorey cover, species richness, Shannon diversity, evenness, abundance, and functional diversity for trait groups, and all groups combined were modelled against reserve and zone as fixed effects and transect and transect section as random effects. To assess the species composition, NMDS ordination based on Bray Curtis resemblance and indicator species analyses were used.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Results</strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Significantly higher understorey cover, species richness, Shannon diversity and evenness were recorded in non-infested compared to infested zones, but there were no changes in the canopy cover and overall abundance. In non-infested zones, the functional diversity of nutrient acquisition and reproductive traits was higher, but the functional diversity of carbon acquisition traits was lower. No difference in functional diversity was recorded in disturbance tolerance and overall traits between the two zones. NMDS ordination and ANOSIM revealed a significant difference in the species composition between the two zones, and 11 indicator species significantly associated with infested and non-infested zones were identified.<strong> </strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Conclusion</strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><em>Phytophthora cinnamomi</em> has significantly affected the forest structure, taxonomic and functional diversity, and species composition. Contrasting responses of functional trait groups obscured overall trait responses to <em>P. cinnamomi.</em></p>
The Editors-in-Chief of SOIL ORGANISMS: Prof. Dr. Willi Xylander (Görlitz) and Prof. Dr. Nico Eisenhauer (Leipzig). in SOIL ORGANISMS - an international open access journal on the taxonomic and functional biodiversity in the soil
The Editors-in-Chief of SOIL ORGANISMS: Prof. Dr. Willi Xylander (Görlitz) and Prof. Dr. Nico Eisenhauer (Leipzig).
Data from: Riparian reforestation on the landscape scale – Navigating trade-offs among agricultural production, ecosystem functioning and biodiversity
<p> </p> <p><strong>Short description</strong></p> <p>This repository contains the relevant data and code used for the analyses of the scientific publication: "<em>Riparian reforestation on the landscape scale – Navigating trade-offs among agricultural production, ecosystem functioning and biodiversity</em>", published in the Journal of Applied Ecology.</p> <p>For further details please see the original article and its supplementary materials.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Organization of the data</strong></p> <p>The repository contains two main folders:</p> <p> 1. Target indicators & spatial analysis</p> <p><em>‘target indicators.csv’</em>: Measured variables that have been quantified at the CROSSLINK field sampling campaign in the Zwalm catchment (EPT taxa richness, diatoms functional evenness, cotton-strip assay).</p> <p><em>‘bio-suitability segments.csv’</em>: Biophysical suitability for food production of the arable land for each riparian segment of the Zwalm.</p> <p><em>‘spatial analysis.xlsx’</em>: Results of the Zwalm spatial analyses addressing land-use and physiographic properties of the (1) local riparian corridors; (2) full riparian corridors within in the upstream catchments and (3) total upstream catchment areas for each sampling site.</p> <p><em>‘Summary model development Zwalm.pptx’</em>: Additional information on the models that have been used in the CoMOLA optimization framework.</p> <p> 2. CoMOLA input & parameterisation</p> <p>The files in this folder can be used for the parameterisation of the Python tool CoMOLA (Strauch et al., 2019). Source for CoMOLA, including user manual: https://github.com/michstrauch/CoMOLA</p> <p><em>‘config.ini’</em>: Basic configuration file of CoMOLA (needs to be adjusted to local settings)</p> <p><em>‘input’ folder</em>: Includes the CoMOLA input files that have been used in our study. See CoMOLA manual for more details on each file.</p> <p><em>‘models’ folder</em>: Includes the Python code of the models that are used for the calculation of all target indicators within the optimization framework (‘Zwalm_4_Models_v1_utf8.py’). The sub-folders ‘GIS_temp_files’ and ‘Input’ contain all files that are needed and have been used to run the Python code.</p> <p> </p>
Extreme weather events threaten biodiversity and functions of river ecosystems: dataset for conducting the meta-analysis
<p>This repository contains the code and dataset to replicate the meta-analysis conducted by Sabater et al. entitled "Extreme weather events threaten biodiversity and functions of river ecosystems: evidence from a meta-analysis"</p> <p>Metadata:</p> <p>- metaanalysis_GlobalEvidenceRivers_Rscript.R - R Script to conduct the meta-analysis</p> <p>- structural_resp.csv - table with data to perform the species richness, density, and biomass meta-analysis. It includes the mean, SD (or SE), and sample number of the studies included in the meta-analysis, as well as information on the paper authors, year of publication, and type of study (experimental or observational). It also includes co-variates and the author who subtracts the information from the paper.</p> <p>- functional_resp.csv - table with data to perform the primary productivity, respiration, and decomposition meta-analysis. It includes the mean, SD (or SE), and sample number of the studies included in the meta-analysis, as well as information on the paper authors, year of publication, and type of study (experimental or observational). It also includes co-variates and the author who subtracts the information from the paper.</p> <p>-refMap.csv - Geographical information of the papers included in the meta-analysis.</p>
Data used in the paper: Historical and current environmental selection on functional traits of trees in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot
<p>This repository contains phylogenetic and functional trait data, raster files, and tables with sampling information and references used in the article "Historical and current environmental selection on functional traits of trees in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot" by Silva, J.L.A., Souza, A., and Vitória, A.P. Journal of Vegetation Science, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13049">https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.13049</a> .</p> <p>Description of files:</p> <p>(1) "Species-level_Trait_Data_Silva_et_al._2021.csv": This file contains species-specific mean trait values and the plant growth form of the 2,122 studied species, whenever available. Trait values were compiled from public sources such as original papers, master and doctoral dissertations, and global trait databases.</p> <p>(2) "Phylogenetic_Tree_Silva_et_al._2021.txt": This file contains the phylogenetic tree of the 2,122 studied species.</p> <p>(3) "CWM_Trait_Maps.zip": This file contains seven rasters of spatially contiguous surfaces produced by Ordinary Kriging Interpolation using Community-Weighted Means (CWM) of each functional trait.</p> <p>(4) "References-abundance-data.csv": This file contains sampling details and the references used to compile species abundance data for each studied site.</p> <p>(5) "References-trait-data.csv": This file contains sampling details and the references used to compile functional trait data.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Ecosystem functioning during biodiversity loss and recovery
<p>Anthropogenic biodiversity loss can impair ecosystem functioning. Human activities are often managed with the aim of reversing biodiversity loss and its associated functional impacts. However, it is currently unknown whether biodiversity–ecosystem function (BEF) relationships observed during biodiversity recovery are the same as those observed during biodiversity loss. This will depend on how species extirpation and recolonisation sequences compare and how different species influence ecosystem functioning. Using data from a marine benthic invertebrate community, we modelled how bioturbation potential – a proxy for benthic ecosystem functioning – changes along biodiversity loss and recovery sequences governed by species' sensitivity to physical disturbance and recolonisation capability, respectively. BEF relationships for biodiversity loss and recovery were largely the same despite species extirpation and recolonisation sequences being different. This held true irrespective of whether populations were assumed to exhibit compensatory responses as species were removed or added. These findings suggest that the functional consequences of local biodiversity loss can be reversed by alleviating its drivers, as different species present at comparable levels of species richness during biodiversity loss and recovery phases have similar functional effects. Empirically verifying and determining the generality of our model-based results are potential next steps for future research.</p>
Data from: Functional and phylogenetic dimensions of tree biodiversity reveal unique geographic patterns
<p>Aim: Quantify tree functional and phylogenetic richness and divergence at the global scale, and explore the drivers underpinning these biogeographic patterns.</p> <p>Location: Global</p> <p>Time Period: Present</p> <p>Major taxa studied: Trees </p> <p>Methods: Using global tree occurrence data, we outlined species' observed ranges using individual alpha hulls to obtain per-pixel tree species composition. Using eight traits from a recent tree-trait database and a vascular-plant phylogeny we computed and mapped four pixel level biodiversity indices, including two metrics related to richness: phylogenetic richness and functional richness and two related to divergence: mean pairwise phylogenetic distance and Rao's quadratic entropy. To account for the effect of species richness, we also calculated standardized effect sizes accounting for richness for each pixel. We then explored the relations between richness and divergence and the latitudinal patterns of divergence both globally and across biomes. Finally, we used a random forest modeling approach to test for drivers of the different dimensions of diversity in trees.</p> <p>Results: In contrast to the latitudinal gradient in species richness, functional and phylogenetic divergence both peak in mid-latitude systems, exhibiting the highest values in temperate ecosystems and lowest values in boreal and tropical forests. This result holds for functional divergence when removing gymnosperms but the peak flattens for phylogenetic divergence. Phylogenetic richness is consistently lower than expected given the number of species, whereas functional richness has higher-than-expected values at mid-latitudes, mimicking functional divergence patterns. When considering the drivers of these diversity patterns, temperature and historical speciation rates consistently emerge as the strongest forces driving divergence, with negligible effects of human influence, soils or historical climate stability.</p> <p>Main Conclusions: Collectively, these results reveal unique similarities and disparities across biomes that are not apparent in any single dimension of biodiversity, highlighting the importance of considering multiple aspects of biodiversity in the management of natural ecosystems.</p>
Figure 10 in A simple framework for the exploration of functional biodiversity
Figure 10. – Distribution of body shapes in SPT-space for 31,134 species of fishes, where body shape is expressed by the median form factor (Equation 2). The numbers within the trophic level bars give the median form factors for that level, the numbers in the upper right corners are the median form factor for each cell, the numbers left of the rows indicate the median form factor, and the numbers below the columns indicate the median form factor as well as the 5th and 95th percentiles. Numbers, ages and Classes of species per cell are the same as in Fig. 7. Cell-width represents 2,000 species.
Figure 8 in A simple framework for the exploration of functional biodiversity
Figure 8. – Comparison of live history strategies of 15,801 marine and 14,509 freshwater species of fishes. Cell-width represents 1,000 species. See legend of Fig. 7 for description of the various labels and numbers.
Figure 6 in A simple framework for the exploration of functional biodiversity
Figure 6. – Boxplot of trophic levels by productivity group, for 31,148 species of fishes, with indication of median trophic level and number of species (n).
Figure 5 in A simple framework for the exploration of functional biodiversity
Figure 5. – Body weight distributions by trophic group, with indication of number of species (n) and median body weight in grams. Note that herbivores group includes detritivores.
Figure 3 in A simple framework for the exploration of functional biodiversity
Figure 3. – Boxplot of body weights by productivity group, with indication of number of species (n) and median body weight in grams.
Figure 1 in A simple framework for the exploration of functional biodiversity
Figure 1. – Histogram of maximum body weights of 31,134 species of fishes. The dashed vertical lines indicate –3, –1, 1 and 3 standard deviations in log space and are used as borders between the displayed body size categories, with indicated weight ranges and number of species. Geometric mean body weight is 37.2 g.
Figure 6 in Society´s awareness for protection of soils, its biodiversity and function in 2030 - We need a more intrinsic approach
Figure 6. The mole standing at the entrance of the Senckenberg exhibition is a popular motif for selfies.
Figure 3 in Society´s awareness for protection of soils, its biodiversity and function in 2030 - We need a more intrinsic approach
Figure 3. The card game 'Soil Builder' by Helga ZumkowskiXylander (2017 b) (only a selection of cards is shown).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.