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163 results for “functional plant traits”
The Biomass and Plant Functional Traits of Leymus chinensis Affected by Genotypic Diversity and Soil Nitrogen Addition through a Two-year Experiment, Tianjin, China, 2021-2023
In order to investigate the effects of soil nitrogen addition on the genotypic diversity of Leymus chinensis, 12 genotypes of Leymus chinensis were used as plant material and a two-factor experimental design was carried out in this study. Factor one was genotypic diversity of L. chinensis, including three levels: mono-genotype (G1), three genotypes (G3), and six genotypes (G6). Factor two was the soil nitrogen addition level, which included four levels: no nitrogen addition (N0), 2.5 g N/(m²·a) nitrogen application (N2.5), 5 g N/(m²·a) nitrogen application (N5), and 10 g N/(m²·a) nitrogen application (N10). Each treatment had 12 combinations as replicates, and 12 genotypes of L. chinensis were used. The frequency of each genotype was standardized across all treatment levels of genotypic diversity × soil nitrogen addition. The experiment commenced in September 2021 and soil nitrogen was applied every 2 months. Plants were cultivated in the experimental field at Nankai University, but were moved to a greenhouse for overwintering from November to February each year. During the experiment, there were no stresses or disturbances such as shading, drought, or insect feeding; weeds were regularly removed.
Niwot plant functional traits, 2008 - 2018.
Globally, human activities are altering environmental conditions through changes to disturbance regimes, climate, and primary productivity. Attempts to generalize changes in biodiversity in response to altered environmental conditions have had mixed success and the mechanisms that causes differences in responses are poorly understood. These contingent responses represent one of the largest obstacles to synthesis in community ecology and global change biology. Over the past decade, much progress has been made in resolving these ecological contingencies by shifting from a taxonomic perspective on community assembly and global change to a focus on functional traits. Functional traits are any morphological, physiological, or phenological characteristic of a species linked to fitness and have proven to be effective for understanding species interactions, biogeographic processes, and environmental change. Between 2008 and 2018, we measured plant height, specific leaf area, leaf size, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, leaf dry matter content, and leaf chemical composition (nitrogen, carbon, δ13C, δ15N) on 2689 individual plants from 141 species (not all traits on all individuals or species). These measurements were collected to capture intraspecific trait variation among the key habitat types on Niwot Ridge and to examine how species traits respond to global change in the ITEX experiment.
Plant functional traits in the black sand extended growing season experiment, 2023.
Climate change is predicted to affect the alpine at a more rapid rate than other ecosystems. One predicted consequence is earlier snowmelt, which the Niwot Ridge LTER site Black Sand experiment aimed to replicate. Black sand was hand-spread across the early snowmelt treatment to cause a more rapid snowmelt than in the control plots. Sand was still spread across the control plots after snowmelt to control for the effects of the sand on vegetation. Each treatment also contained ITEX chambers which raised the temperature of individual plots. Within this larger experiment, we measured plant functional traits to see if they varied across the four treatments: control, control + ITEX, early snowmelt, and early snowmelt + ITEX.
Functional traits—not nativeness—shape the effects of large mammalian herbivores on plant communities
<p>Large mammalian herbivores (megafauna) have experienced extinctions and declines since prehistory. Introduced megafauna have partly counteracted these losses yet are thought to have unusually negative effects compared to native megafauna. Using a meta-analysis of 3,995 plot-scale plant abundance and diversity responses from 221 studies, we found no evidence that megafauna impacts were shaped by nativeness, 'invasiveness', 'feralness', coevolutionary history, or functional and phylogenetic novelty. Nor was there evidence that introduced megafauna facilitate introduced plants more than native megafauna. Instead, we found strong evidence that functional traits shaped megafauna impacts, with larger-bodied and bulk-feeding megafauna promoting plant diversity. Our work suggests that trait-based ecology provides better insight into interactions between megafauna and plants than concepts of nativeness.</p>
Drivers of plant diversity, community composition, functional traits and soil processes along an alpine gradient in the central Chilean Andes
<p>The datasets in this repository include plant community surveys, hyperspectral reflectance data at the leaf and canopy level, leaf trait data, and soil chemistry data collected at five sites along an elevation gradient of 2400m-3500m in the Chilean Andes (33°S, 70°W). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the environmental drivers of community assembly processes along the elevation gradient.</p>
Fig. 2. – Species prediction for a grid cell. A in Geographical patterns of woody plants' functional traits in Burkina Faso
Fig. 2. – Species prediction for a grid cell. A. Average of maximal plant size; B. Percentage of spinescent species; C. Percentage of species containing latex; D. Percentage of species with compound leaves.
Fig. 1. – Study area. A in Geographical patterns of woody plants' functional traits in Burkina Faso
Fig. 1. – Study area. A. Species richness of the 129 woody plants, distribution records and position of Burkina Faso within Africa; B. Names of landscape elements and cities mentioned in the results.
Assessing the vulnerability of plant functional trait strategies to climate change
<p><strong><span>Aim: </span></strong><span>Our ability to understand how species may respond to changing climate conditions is hampered by a lack of high-quality data on the adaptive capacity of species. Plant functional traits are linked to many aspects of species life history and adaptation to environment, with different combinations of trait values reflecting alternate strategies for adapting to varied conditions. If the realised climate limits of species can be partially explained by plant functional trait combinations, then a new approach of using trait combinations to predict the expected climate limits of species trait combinations may offer considerable benefits. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Location:</span></strong><span> Australia.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Time period:</strong> </span><span>Current and future. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods:</span></strong><span><strong> </strong>Using trait data for leaf size, seed mass and plant height for 6,747 Australian native species from 27 plant families, we model the expected climate limits of trait combinations and use future climate scenarios to estimate climate change impacts based on plant functional trait strategies. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Results:</span></strong><span><strong> </strong>Functional trait combinations were a significant predictor of species climate niche metrics with potentially meaningful relationships with two rainfall variables (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.36 & 0.45) and three temperature variables (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.21, 0.28, 0.30). Using this method, the proportion of species exposed to conditions across their range that are beyond the expected climate limits of their trait strategies will increase under climate change. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Main conclusions:</span></strong><span><strong> </strong>Our new approach, called Trait Strategy Vulnerability, includes three new metrics. For example, the Climate Change Vulnerability (CCV) metric identified a small but important proportion of species (4.3%) that will on average be exposed to conditions beyond their expected limits for summer temperature in the future. These potentially vulnerable species could be high priority targets for deeper assessment of adaptive capacity at the genomic or physiological level. Our methods can be applied to any suite of co-occurring plants globally.</span></p>
Data from: Measuring leaf and root functional traits uncovers multidimensionality of plant responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
<p>Premise of the study While many studies have measured the aboveground responses of plants to mycorrhizal fungi at a single time point, little is known about how plants respond belowground or across time to mycorrhizal symbiosis. By measuring belowground responses as well as growth over time in many plant species, we create a more complete picture of how mycorrhizal fungi benefit their hosts. Methods We grew 26 prairie plant species with and without mycorrhizal fungi and measured fourteen functional traits measuring above and belowground tissue quality and quantity responses and changes in resource allocation. We used function-value trait (FVT) modeling to characterize changes in species growth rate when colonized. Key results While aboveground biomass responses were positive, the response of traits belowground were much more variable. Changes in aboveground biomass accounted for 60.8% of the variation in mycorrhizal responses, supporting the use of aboveground biomass response as the primary response trait. Responses belowground were not associated with aboveground responses and accounted for 18.3% of the variation. Growth responses over time were highly variable across species. Interestingly, none of the measured responses were phylogenetically conserved. Conclusions Mycorrhizal fungi increase plant growth in most scenarios, but the effects of these fungi belowground and across time are more complicated. This study highlights how differences in plant allocation priorities might affect how they utilize the benefits from mycorrhizal fungi. Identifying and characterizing these differences is a key step to understanding the effects of mycorrhizal mutualisms on whole plant physiology. </p>
F I G U R E 1 A in Linking plant functional traits to biodiversity under environmental change
F I G U R E 1 A diagram of the linkage between functional traits and biodiversity at multiple ecological scales. Across different scales, the diagram includes the response of functional traits to different environmental conditions, interactions under shifts in community structure and ecosystem functioning, which affect species' survival or extinction, and thus biodiversity. The diagram is constructed following a bottom‐up logic based on individual traits and aims to facilitate future trait‐diversity models to predict biodiversity responses under environmental change.
Data from: Effects of artificial light at night on the leaf functional traits of freshwater plants
<p>Leaf traits measured on three species of submerged aquatic plants (<em>Myriophyllum verticillatum </em>L., <em>Potamogeton coloratus</em> Hornem., and <em>Vallisneria spiralis</em> L.) grown under light pollution at night or in the dark. Details about the protocols and the data collection can be found in the article published in <em>Freshwater Biology</em>.</p>
Plant functional traits and corresponding satellite multispectral data for two sites in the Czech Republic
<p>This data set contains measurements of plant functional traits and corresponding satellite multispectral data for two sites in the Czech Republic – Lanžhot and Štítná throughout multiple campaigns. Plant functional traits were collected from representative trees selected at both study sites. At the Lanžhot site, a total of 16 trees of the following species were sampled: Quercus robur (4 trees), Quercus cerris L. (2 trees), Carpinus betulus (4 trees), Fraxinus angustifolia (4 trees), Tilia cordata (2 trees). At Štítná, a total of 10 Fagus sylvatica trees were sampled. Field campaigns were timed to cover different phenological stages of deciduous tree leaf development, from fresh leaf emergence, through full leaf development at the peak of the growing season, to autumn leaf senescence. In total, six field campaigns at Lanžhot during 2019 and 2020 and five field campaigns at Štítná during 2020 and 2021 were conducted.</p>
Beyond trait distances: Functional distinctiveness captures the outcome of plant competition
<p>Functional trait distances between coexisting organisms reflect not only complementarity in the way they use resources, but also differences in their competitive abilities. Accordingly, absolute and relative trait distances have been widely used to capture the effects of niche dissimilarity and competitive hierarchies, respectively, on the performance of plants in competition. However, multiple dimensions of the plant phenotype are involved in these plant-plant interactions (PPI), challenging the use of relative trait distances to predict their outcomes. Furthermore, estimating the effects of competitive hierarchy on the performance of a group of coexisting plants remains particularly difficult since relative trait distances relate to the effects of a focal plant on another. We argue that trait distinctiveness, an emerging facet of functional diversity that characterizes the eccentric position of a species (or genotype) in a phenotypic space, can reveal the unique role played by a given individual plant in a group of competing plants . We used the model crop species <em>Oryza sativa</em> spp. japonica to evaluate the ability of trait distances and trait distinctiveness to predict the outcome of intraspecific PPI on the performance of single genotype and genotype mixtures. We performed a screening experiment to characterize the phenotypic space of 49 rice genotypes based on 11 aboveground and root traits. We selected nine genotypes with contrasting positions in the phenotypic space and grew them in pots following a complete pairwise interaction design. Relative distances and distinctiveness based on traits associated with light competition were by far the best predictors of the performance of single genotypes - taller genotypes that acquired resource faster being the best competitors - while absolute trait distances had no effect. These results indicate that competitive hierarchy for light dominates PPI in this experiment. Consistently, trait distinctiveness in plant height and age at flowering had the strongest, positive effects on mixture performance, confirming that functional distinctiveness captures the effects of trait hierarchies and asymmetric PPI at this scale. Our findings shed new light on the role of trait diversity in regulating PPI and ecosystem processes and call for a greater consideration of functional distinctiveness in studies of coexistence mechanisms.</p>
Data from: Leaf metabolic traits reveal hidden dimensions of plant form and function
<p>In this study, we interpreted leaf metabolome variation among 457 tropical and 339 temperate plant species to understand how the metabolome contributes to macroecological variation in plant functioning. Metabolome data were generated using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, annotated with compound names (where possible), and cross-referenced against chemoinformatics databases to derive metabolite chemical properties. We then compared variation in leaf metabolite chemical properties among species with variation in classical plant functional traits.</p>
Drivers of plant diversity, community composition, functional traits and soil processes along an alpine gradient in the central Chilean Andes
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Data from: Measuring leaf and root functional traits uncovers multidimensionality of plant responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Beyond trait distances: Functional distinctiveness captures the outcome of plant competition
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Functional traits—not nativeness—shape the effects of large mammalian herbivores on plant communities
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Assessing the vulnerability of plant functional trait strategies to climate change
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Data from: Leaf functional traits predict timing of nutrient resorption and carbon depletion in deciduous subarctic plants
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Allen Brain Atlas
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