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51 results for “functional turnover”
Data from: The mechanism of promoting rhizosphere nutrient turnover for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi attribute to recruited functional bacterial assembly
<p>Symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi improves plant nutrient capture from the soil, yet there is limited knowledge about the diversity, structure, functioning, and assembly processes of AM fungi-related microbial communities. Here, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing were used to detect bacteria in the rhizosphere of <em>Lotus japonicus</em> inoculated with and without AM fungi, and the <em>L. japonicus</em> mutant <em>ljcbx</em> (defective in symbiosis) inoculated with AM fungi in southern grassland soil. Our results show that AM symbiosis significantly increased bacterial diversity and promoted deterministic processes of bacterial community construction, suggesting that mycorrhizal symbiosis resulted in the directional enrichment of bacterial communities and established a stable rhizosphere bacterial community. AM fungi promoted the enrichment of nine bacteria, including <em>Ohtaekwangia</em>, <em>Niastella</em>, <em>Gemmatimonas</em>, <em>Devosia</em>, <em>Sphingomonas</em>, <em>Novosphingobium</em>, <em>Opitutus</em>, <em>Lysobacter</em>, <em>Brevundimonas</em>, which are positively correlated with NPK-related parameters. Through a functional identification experiment, we found that six of these genera, including <em>Brevundimonas</em>, <em>Lysobacter</em>, <em>Ohtaekwangia</em>, <em>Sphingomonas</em>, <em>Devosia</em>, and <em>Gemmatimonas</em>, demonstrated the ability to mineralize organophosphate and dissolve inorganic phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium. Our study revealed that AM fungi can regulate rhizosphere bacterial community assembly and attract specific rhizosphere bacteria to promote soil nutrient turnover in southern grasslands.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic and functional turnover of Amazonian stream fish assemblages is determined by deforestation history and environmental variables at multiple scales
FIGURE 1 | Sampled sites and forest fragments in the Machado River basin, Brazil. The inset map of Brazil depicts the relative location of the study area (black) within the Madeira River basin (dark gray), inside the Amazon biome (light gray).
FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic and functional turnover of Amazonian stream fish assemblages is determined by deforestation history and environmental variables at multiple scales
FIGURE 4 | Explained variation of environmental contribution in turnover metrics partitioned by MRM and associated commonality analysis into pure local, shared and pure catchment components. RC = Raup-Crick; MPD = mean pairwise distance; MNTD = mean nearest taxon distance; all = all sampled streams; ref = streams with forested watersheds; new = streams with recently deforested watersheds; old = streams with historically deforested watersheds.
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic and functional turnover of Amazonian stream fish assemblages is determined by deforestation history and environmental variables at multiple scales
FIGURE 2 | Distribution of sampling sites with (A) forest patches ranked according to the forest quality multimetric index and (B) effective forest cover. Non-forested area is white and is not included in the multimetric index calculation (or legend).
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomic and functional turnover of Amazonian stream fish assemblages is determined by deforestation history and environmental variables at multiple scales
FIGURE 3 | Standardized effect sizes for each taxonomic and functional turnover metric (mean and 95% confidence intervals). RC = Raup-Crick; MPD = mean pairwise distance; MNTD = mean nearest taxon distance; ref = streams with forested watersheds; new = streams with recently deforested watersheds; old = streams with historically deforested watersheds.
Functional beta diversity of New Zealand fishes: characterising morphological turnover along depth and latitude gradients, with derivation of functional bioregions
<p>Changes in the functional structures of communities are rarely examined along multiple large-scale environmental gradients. Here, we describe patterns in functional beta diversity for New Zealand marine fishes <i>vs</i> depth and latitude, including broad-scale delineation of functional bioregions. We derived eight functional traits related to food acquisition and locomotion and calculated complementary indices of functional beta diversity for 144 species of marine ray-finned fishes occurring along large-scale depth (50 - 1200 m) and latitudinal gradients (29° - 51° S) in the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone. We focused on a suite of morphological traits calculated directly from <i>in situ</i> Baited Remote Underwater Stereo-Video (stereo-BRUV) footage and museum specimens. We found that functional changes were primarily structured by depth followed by latitude, and that latitudinal functional turnover decreased with increasing depth. Functional turnover among cells increased with increasing depth distance, but this relationship plateaued for greater depth distances (> 750 m). In contrast, functional turnover did not change significantly with increasing latitudinal distance at 700 - 1200 m depths. Shallow functional bioregions (50 - 100 m) were distinct at different latitudes, whereas deeper bioregions extended across broad latitudinal ranges. Fishes in shallow depths had a body shape conducive to efficient propulsion, while fishes in deeper depths were more elongated, enabling slow, energy-efficient locomotion, and had large eyes to enhance vision. Environmental filtering may be a primary driver of broad-scale patterns of functional beta diversity in the deep sea. Greater environmental homogeneity may lead to greater functional homogeneity across latitudinal gradients at deeper depths (700 - 1200 m). We suggest that communities living at depth may follow a 'functional village hypothesis', whereby similar key functional niches in fish communities may be maintained over large spatial scales.</p>
Frugivore-mediated seed dispersal in fragmented landscapes: Compositional and functional turnover from forest to matrix
<p>Seed dispersal by frugivores is a fundamental function for plant community dynamics in fragmented landscapes, where forest remnants are typically embedded in a matrix of anthropogenic habitats. Frugivores can mediate both connectivity among forest remnants and plant colonization of the matrix. However, it remains poorly understood how frugivore communities change from forest to matrix due to the loss or replacement of species with traits that are less advantageous in open habitats, and whether such changes ultimately influence the composition and traits of dispersed plants via species interactions. Here, we close this gap by using a unique dataset of seed-dispersal networks that were sampled in forest patches and adjacent matrix habitats of seven fragmented landscapes across Europe. We found a similar diversity of frugivores, plants and interactions contributing to seed dispersal in forest and matrix, but a high turnover (replacement) in all these components. The turnover of dispersed seeds was smaller than that of frugivore communities because different frugivore species provided complementary seed dispersal in forest and matrix. Importantly, the turnover involved functional changes towards larger and more mobile frugivores in the matrix, which dispersed taller, larger-seeded plants with later fruiting periods. Our study provides a trait-based understanding of frugivore-mediated seed dispersal through fragmented landscapes, uncovering non-random shifts that can have cascading consequences for the composition of regenerating plant communities. Our findings also highlight the importance of forest remnants and frugivore faunas for ecosystem resilience, demonstrating a high potential for passive forest restoration of unmanaged lands in the matrix.</p>
Frugivore-mediated seed dispersal in fragmented landscapes: Compositional and functional turnover from forest to matrix
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Data from: The mechanism of promoting rhizosphere nutrient turnover for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi attribute to recruited functional bacterial assembly
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Functional beta diversity of New Zealand fishes: characterising morphological turnover along depth and latitude gradients, with derivation of functional bioregions
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Data from: Taxonomic and functional turnover are decoupled in European peat bogs
In peatland ecosystems, plant communities mediate a globally significant carbon store. The effects of global environmental change on plant assemblages are expected to be a factor in determining how ecosystem functions such as carbon uptake will respond. Using vegetation data from 56 Sphagnum-dominated peat bogs across Europe, we show that in these ecosystems plant species aggregate into two major clusters that are each defined by shared response to environmental conditions. Across environmental gradients, we find significant taxonomic turnover in both clusters. However, functional identity and functional redundancy of the community as a whole remain unchanged. This strongly suggests that in peat bogs, species turnover across environmental gradients is restricted to functionally similar species. Our results demonstrate that plant taxonomic and functional turnover are decoupled, which may allow these peat bogs to maintain ecosystem functioning when subject to future environmental change.
Genome Database: Turnover of strain-level diversity modulates functional traits in the honeybee gut microbiome between nurses and foragers
<p>This repository contains the dataset used in the publication "Turnover of strain-level diversity modulates functional traits in the honeybee gut microbiome between nurses and foragers," which is currently under revision. A pre-print can be found <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.12.29.522137">here</a>. The database is based on previously published work to create a genomic database of honeybee gut microbes by Kirsten Ellegaard (2021), found <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/4661061">here.</a></p><p>The zipped folder deposited here after unzipping, should contain the following files and directories:</p><ul><li>honeybee_genome.fasta : fasta file containing the host (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) genome sequence</li><li>beebiome_db : fasta file of 198 concatenated genomes with one genome per entry (multi-line fasta) where the headers represent the genome identifier</li><li>beebiome_red_db : fasta file of 39 species representative genomes with one genome per entry (multi-line fasta) where the headers represent the genome identifier to be used for the analysis of intra-specific variation</li><li>fna_files : directory containing genome sequence files and concatenated files where the concatenated files contain one fasta entry renamed to the genome identifier and all contigs concatenated into one entry</li><li>ffn_files : directory containing one file per genome listing the nucleotide sequence of all the predicted genes</li><li>faa_files : directory containing one file per genome listing the amino acid sequence of all the predicted genes</li><li>bed_files : directory containing bed files where the location of each of the predicted genes are indicated based on their position in the concatenated genome file</li><li>single_ortho : directory containing one file per phylotype listing all the single-copy orthogroups (OGs) identified by orthofinder where each line represents an OG id followed by a list of genes from each of the genomes of that phylotype that belong to that OG and the corresponding sequences of these genes can be found in the ffn file belonging to the respective genome</li><li>red_bed_files : directory containing bed files for species representative genomes that only list the positions genes that belong to the core orthogroups of their phylotype</li></ul><p>Further information about how this genome database was used to analyze strain-level diversity can be found in the publication and accompanying code repository.</p>
Non-native vegetation encroachment drives functional turnover in island nematodes
<p>This community data matrix accompanies the manuscript "<span>Non-native vegetation encroachment drives functional turnover in island nematodes" by Adam Sharp, <span>Margarida Correia, Alan Gray, Rebecca Lawson, Martha Ledger, Noel Tawatao & Thomas Prior.</span></span></p>
Mapping trait versus species turnover reveals spatiotemporal variation in functional redundancy and network robustness in a plant‐pollinator community
<p>1. Functional overlap among species (redundancy) is considered important in shaping competitive and mutualistic interactions that determine how communities respond to environmental change. Most studies view functional redundancy as static, yet traits within species – which ultimately shape functional redundancy – can vary over seasonal or spatial gradients. We therefore have limited understanding of how trait turnover within and between species could lead to changes in functional redundancy or how loss of traits could differentially impact mutualistic interactions depending on where and when the interactions occur in space and time.</p> <p>2. Using an Arctic bumblebee community as a case study, and 1,277 individual measures from 14 species over three annual seasons, we quantified how inter- and intraspecific body-size turnover compared to species turnover with elevation and over the season. Coupling every individual and their trait with a plant visitation, we investigated how grouping individuals by a morphological trait or by species identity altered our assessment of network structure and how this differed in space and time. Finally, we tested how the sensitivity of the network in space and time differed when simulating extinction of nodes representing either morphological trait similarity or traditional species groups. This allowed us to explore the degree to which trait-based groups increase or decrease interaction redundancy relative to species-based nodes.</p> <p>3. We found that i) groups of taxonomically and morphologically similar bees turn over in space and time independently from each other, with trait turnover being larger over the season; ii) networks composed of nodes representing species versus morphologically similar bees were structured differently; and iii) simulated loss of bee trait groups caused faster coextinction of bumblebee species and flowering plants than when bee taxonomic groups were lost. Crucially, the magnitude of these effects varied in space and time, highlighting the importance of considering spatiotemporal context when studying the relative importance of taxonomic and trait contributions to interaction network architecture.</p> <p>4. Our finding that functional redundancy varies spatiotemporally demonstrates how considering the traits of individuals within networks is needed to understand the impacts of environmental variation and extinction on ecosystem functioning and resilience.</p>
Data for: Increases in functional diversity of mountain plant communities is mainly driven by species turnover under climate change
<p><span>Warming in mountain regions is projected to be three times faster than the global average. Pronounced climate change will likely lead to species reshuffling in mountain plant communities and consequently change ecosystem resilience and functioning. Yet, little is known about</span><span> the role of inter- versus intraspecific changes of plant traits and their consequences for functional richness and evenness of mountain plant communities under climate change. </span></p> <p><span>We performed a downslope translocation experiment of intact plant-soil mesocosms from an alpine pasture and a subalpine grassland in the Swiss and Austrian Alps to simulate an abrupt shift in climate and removal of dispersal barriers. Translocated plant communities experienced warmer and dryer climatic conditions. </span><span>We found a considerable shift from resource conservative to resource acquisitive leaf-economy in the two climate change scenarios. However, shifts in leaf-economy were mainly attributable to species turnover, namely colonization by novel lowland species with trait expressions for a wider range of resource use. We also found an increase in vegetative height of the warmed and drought-affected alpine plant community, while trait plasticity to warming and drought was limited to few graminoid species of the subalpine plant community. </span><span>Our results highlight the contrast between the strong competitive potential of novel lowland species in quickly occupying available niche space and native species' lack of both the intraspecific trait variability and the plant functional trait expressions needed to increase functional richness under warming and drought. This is particularly important for the trailing range of many mountain species (i.e. subalpine zone) where upward moving lowland species are becoming more abundant and abiotic climate stressors are likely to become more frequent in the near future. </span><span>Our study emphasizes mountain plant communities' vulnerability to novel climates and biotic interactions under climate change and highlights graminoid species as potential winners of a warmer and dryer future.</span></p>
Data for: Increases in functional diversity of mountain plant communities is mainly driven by species turnover under climate change
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Effects of species richness and turnover on ecosystem functioning in heterogeneous environments of two tropical mountains
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Data from: Taxonomic and functional turnover are decoupled in European peat bogs
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Mapping trait versus species turnover reveals spatiotemporal variation in functional redundancy and network robustness in a plant‐pollinator community
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Dynamic feedbacks among tree functional traits, termite populations and deadwood turnover
<p><b><span>1.</span></b><b> </b>Changes in the composition of plant functional traits may affect ecosystem processes through influencing trophic interactions. Bottom-up control by plant species through food availability to animals may vary with time. However, such dynamics and their consequences for deadwood turnover are poorly known for detrital food webs.</p> <p><b><span>2. </span></b>We introduce a dynamic conceptual model of the feedback of (deadwood-feeding) termite populations, tree functional traits and deadwood decomposition. We hypothesized that tree functional diversity (in terms of a wood resource economic spectrum, WES) supports the sustenance of termite populations via complementary food supplied through time, as deadwood varies in traits both initially between species and because of different decomposition rates. Simultaneously, the consumption of deadwood by termites was hypothesized to sustain deadwood turnover in a functionally diverse forest by the same temporal mechanism of changing wood quality of multiple species over time.</p> <p><b><span>3. </span></b>We tested our hypothesis through an 18-month termite-exclusion decomposition experiment by incubating coarse (i.e., 5 cm diameter) deadwood of 34 woody species in two subtropical forests in East China. One site still sustained a healthy population of pangolins as the keystone termite predator, while another had lost its pangolins due to hunting and illegal wildlife trade.</p> <p><b><span>4. </span></b>The results supported our hypothesis: in the first 12 months, termites amplified the positive linear relationship between % wood mass loss and initial wood quality (WES). In contrast, between 12 and 18 months, termite-mediated consumption, and associated wood mass loss, showed a humpback relation with the initial WES. This shift in termite preference of deadwood species along the WES indicated complementary food availability to termites through time.</p> <p><b><span>5. </span></b><b><i><span><span>Synthesis</span></span></i></b><b><span>.</span></b><b> </b>Our findings imply that tree functional composition, through variation in deadwood quality through decomposition time, can help to sustain termite populations and thereby forest carbon turnover. Future studies need to test whether and how our conceptual model may apply to other detrital systems and food webs. In general, food web research would benefit from a stronger focus on temporal patterns for better understanding the interactions of basal resource functional traits and consumers on ecosystem functions.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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