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62 results for “fungal disease”
Lab disease outcomes data evaluating how antibiotic tolerant vs. non-tolerant cell-free supernatant from Pseudomonas aeruginosa affects the interaction between a fungal pathogen (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) and amphibian (Rana sylvaticus), 2022.
Microbes living on hosts and in the environment can play a key role in helping hosts to combat pathogens. However, antibiotic-induced alterations to microbial metabolite production could disrupt this dynamic. Here, we investigated whether antibiotic tolerance influences the anti-pathogenic properties of host-associated (living on the host; biofilms) and environmental (living in the soil of water column; planktonic) microbes in vitro and in vivo. For our model host and pathogen, we used the amphibian (Rana sylvatica)-Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) system. For our model host-associated (biofilm) and environmental (planktonic) microbes, we used four strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that vary in their tolerance to antibiotics and their biofilm-forming capabilities: Planktonic, non-antibiotic tolerant (ΔsagS/VC); Planktonic, antibiotic tolerant (ΔsagS::sagS_L154A); Biofilm, non-antibiotic tolerant (ΔsagS::sagS_D105A); Biofilm, antibiotic tolerant (ΔsagS::sagS). We collected cell-free supernatants (CFS) from each strain to examine the effects of metabolites. We conducted four experiments. In our pathogen-only exposures to test direct effects of metabolites on Bd, we exposed Bd zoospores to each P. aeruginosa CFS at six concentrations. After 11 days of growth, we measured relative abundance of Bd across each treatment. In our host-only exposures to test effects of metabolites on host disease outcomes, we placed R. sylvatica tadpoles in individual units containing each P. aeruginosa CFS. After 48 hours, water was changed into clean well water (no CFS). Bd zoospores were immediately added to each experimental unit following the water change. After 5 days of Bd exposure, we measured snout-vent length (SVL), mass, developmental stage, and Bd quantification in the mouthparts using qPCR for each tadpole. In our host-pathogen exposures to test interactive effects of metabolites on hosts in the presence of the pathogen, we conducted the same experiment as above. However, ins
Figure 4 in Application of the NucliSENS easyMAG system for nucleic acid extraction: optimization of DNA extraction for molecular diagnosis of parasitic and fungal diseases
Figure 4. Identification of PCR inhibitors in 18 biological samples positive for Aspergillus. Graph A: Ct values obtained from pure and diluted DNA samples (dilution rate 1/20). Graph B: Ct values obtained with 20 copies of a plasmid DNA systematically added to the same biological samples (undiluted and diluted) and a negative control sample (NC).
Figure 2 in Application of the NucliSENS easyMAG system for nucleic acid extraction: optimization of DNA extraction for molecular diagnosis of parasitic and fungal diseases
Figure 2. Influence of proteinase K digestion (56 °C overnight) on DNA extraction. Graph A shows the Ct values obtained by quantifying THP1 cell DNA derived from direct extraction with the NucliSENS easyMAG system and extraction performed on the same quantity of cells following overnight (ON) digestion with Proteinase K. Graph B shows Leishmania quantification after extraction with the NucliSENS easyMAG system both with and without PK and quantification after extraction using a QIAamp DNA Mini kit after ON digestion with PK.
Figure 7 in Application of the NucliSENS easyMAG system for nucleic acid extraction: optimization of DNA extraction for molecular diagnosis of parasitic and fungal diseases
Figure 7. Variation of the ratio between kinetoplastic DNA and nuclear DNA extraction with various Leishmania quantities in the presence of 103 THP1 cells.
Figure 5 in Application of the NucliSENS easyMAG system for nucleic acid extraction: optimization of DNA extraction for molecular diagnosis of parasitic and fungal diseases
Figure 5. Yield of DNA extraction from Leishmania and THP1 cells using the NucliSENS easyMAG system.
Figure 3 in Application of the NucliSENS easyMAG system for nucleic acid extraction: optimization of DNA extraction for molecular diagnosis of parasitic and fungal diseases
Figure 3. Results of the extraction experiments performed on yeast (Candida albicans) and filamentous fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus). A presents the kinetics of the extraction process after vortexing and glass-bead treatment. B shows the differences in DNA quantity obtained from fungal cells using the FastPrep system (with) compared to the same process without grinding.
Figure 6 in Application of the NucliSENS easyMAG system for nucleic acid extraction: optimization of DNA extraction for molecular diagnosis of parasitic and fungal diseases
Figure 6. Influence of the quantity of human cells (THP1 cells) on Leishmania quantification at various concentrations of host cells and parasites.
Linked collectors and determiners for: New Zealand Fungal and Plant Disease Collection (PDD).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "New Zealand Fungal and Plant Disease Collection (PDD)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/ee27b1b0-3b55-11dc-8c18-b8a03c50a862">https://bionomia.net/dataset/ee27b1b0-3b55-11dc-8c18-b8a03c50a862</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/ee27b1b0-3b55-11dc-8c18-b8a03c50a862">https://gbif.org/dataset/ee27b1b0-3b55-11dc-8c18-b8a03c50a862</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Indirect pathogen transmission underlies an emerging infectious fungal disease outbreak in a wild reptile population
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Data from: Precipitation-dependent effects of fencing on foliar fungal diseases in grasslands
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Edge effects, not connectivity, determine the incidence and development of a foliar fungal plant disease
Using a model plant-pathogen system in a large-scale habitat corridor experiment, we found that corridors do not facilitate the movement of wind-dispersed plant pathogens, that connectivity of patches does not enhance levels of foliar fungal plant disease, and that edge effects are the key drivers of plant disease dynamics. Increased spread of infectious disease is often cited as a potential negative effect of habitat corridors used in conservation, but the impacts of corridors on pathogen movement have never been tested empirically. Using sweet corn (Zea mays) and southern corn leaf blight (Cochliobolus heterostrophus) as a model plant-pathogen system, we tested the impacts of connectivity and habitat fragmentation on pathogen movement and disease development at the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, USA. Over time, less edgy patches had higher proportions of diseased plants, and distance of host plants to habitat edges was the greatest determinant of disease development. Variation in average daytime temperatures provided a possible mechanism for these disease patterns. Our results show that worries over the potentially harmful effects of conservation corridors on disease dynamics are misplaced, and that, in a conservation context, many diseases can be better managed by mitigating edge effects.
Data from: Species decline under nitrogen fertilization increases community-level competence of fungal diseases
The artificial fertilization of soils can alter the structure of natural plant communities and exacerbate pathogen emergence and transmission. Although the direct effects of fertilization on disease resistance in plants have received some research attention, its indirect effects of altered community structure on the severity of fungal disease infection remain largely uninvestigated. We designed manipulation experiments in natural assemblages of Tibetan alpine meadow vegetation along a nitrogen-fertilization gradient over 5 years to compare the relative importance of direct and indirect effects of fertilization on foliar fungal infections at the community level. We found that species with lower proneness to pathogens were more likely to be extirpated following fertilization, such that community-level competence of disease, and thus community pathogen load, increased with the intensity of fertilization. The amount of nitrogen added (direct effect) and community disease competence (indirect effect) provided the most parsimonious combination of parameters explaining the variation in disease severity. Our experiment provides a mechanistic explanation for the dilution effect in fertilized, natural assemblages in a highly specific pathogen–host system, and thus insights into the consequences of human ecosystem modifications on the dynamics of infectious diseases.
Data from: Comparative host-pathogen associations of Snake Fungal Disease in sympatric species of water snakes (Nerodia)
<p>The ascomycete fungus <em>Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola</em> (<em>Oo</em>) is the causative agent of ophidiomycosis (Snake Fungal Disease), which has been detected globally. However, surveillance efforts in the central U.S., specifically Texas, have been minimal. The threatened and rare Brazos water snake (<em>Nerodia harteri harteri</em>) is one of the most range restricted snakes in the U.S. and is sympatric with two wide-ranging congeners, <em>N. erythrogaster transversa</em> and <em>N. rhombifer</em>, in north central Texas; thus, providing an opportunity to test comparative host-pathogen associations in this system. To accomplish this, we surveyed a portion of the Brazos river drainage (~400 river km) over 29 months and tested 150 Nerodia individuals for the presence of <em>Oo </em>via quantitative PCR and recorded any potential signs of <em>Oo </em>infection. We found <em>Oo </em>was distributed across the entire range of <em>N. h. harteri,</em> <em>Oo</em> prevalence was 46% overall, and there was a significant association between <em>Oo </em>occurrence and signs of infection in our sample. Models indicated adults had a higher probability of <em>Oo </em>infection than juveniles and subadults, and adult <em>N. h. harteri</em> had a higher probability of infection than adult <em>N. rhombifer</em> but not higher than adult <em>N. e. transversa</em>. High <em>Oo </em>prevalence estimates (94.4%) in adult <em>N. h. harteri </em>has implications for their conservation and management owing to their patchy distribution, comparatively low genetic diversity, and threats from anthropogenic habitat modification.</p>
Figure 1 in Application of the NucliSENS easyMAG system for nucleic acid extraction: optimization of DNA extraction for molecular diagnosis of parasitic and fungal diseases
Figure 1. Study design.
Impacts of fungal disease on dyadic social interactions in a wild agamid lizard
<p><span>Emerging infectious fungal diseases are responsible for the extinction of myriad species across a range of phyla. As recently shown by the COVID-19 pandemic, social transmission can be key to disease spread, and in this context, humans are not alone in trying to be alone. In group-living species, individuals have been shown to use social behaviour to avoid infection; diseased individuals can isolate from the group, or healthy animals can avoid diseased conspecifics. However, to date, little is known about social behaviour as a mechanism to avoid fungal infection. In this study, we investigate the extent to which wild urban eastern water dragons (<em>Intellagama lesueurii</em>), a gregarious reptile, modify their social behaviour as a response to infection with a recently emerged infectious fungal disease, caused by the pathogen <em>Nannizziopsis barbatae</em>. Using individual data from a long-term study population inhabiting Roma Street Parkland in Brisbane's Central Business District (QLD, Australia) and focal sampling, we test whether dragons exhibit self-isolation and social distancing behaviours in the context of dyadic social approach events. Statistical analyses of data collected </span><span>from 633 observations of 123 unique individuals (78 non-diseased, 45 diseased) during 2020 – 2021 suggested that while the presence of the fungal disease had no effect on individuals' social behaviour, the severity of the fungal disease did significantly affect individuals' social behaviour. Specifically, we found that (i) diseased individuals were no less social than their non-diseased conspecifics, (ii) </span><span>non-diseased individuals did not avoid or spend less time with diseased conspecifics,</span><span> and (iii) models considering the severity of skin lesions caused by <em>Nannizziopsis barbatae, </em>instead of their presence or absence, suggested that individuals avoided more severely diseased conspecifics regardless of their own disease status</span><span>. </span><span> <span>These findings warrant further investigation, given the evidence that many species have displayed behavioural adaptations to disease, and the increasing risk posed by emerging infectious fungal diseases.</span></span></p>
Repeat Dose Study of GSK3772847 in Participants With Moderate to Severe Asthma With Allergic Fungal Airway Disease (AFAD)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03393806. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 4. Publications: 1.
An Evaluation of the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Tavaborole Topical Solution for the Treatment of Fungal Disease of the Toenail in Children and Adolescents
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03405818. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Ibrexafungerp in Patients With Fungal Diseases That Are Refractory to or Intolerant of Standard Antifungal Treatment
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03059992. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 8. Publications: 1.
Oak wilt disease may reduce the initial decay rate of dead Quercus serrata stems by altering wood-inhabiting fungal communities
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Impacts of fungal disease on dyadic social interactions in a wild agamid lizard
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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