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6 results for “fungicolous”
Fungal sporocarps house diverse and host-specific communities of fungicolous fungi
<p class="Corps"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Sporocarps (fruit bodies) are the sexual reproductive stage in the life cycle of many fungi. They are highly nutritious and consequently vulnerable to grazing by birds and small mammals, and invertebrates, and can be infected by microbial and fungal parasites and pathogens. The complexity of communities thriving inside sporocarps is largely unknown. In this study, we revealed the diversity, taxonomic composition and host-preference of fungicolous fungi (i.e fungi that feed on other fungi) in sporocarps. We carried out DNA metabarcoding of the ITS2 region from 176 sporocarps of 11 wood-decay fungal host species, all collected within a forest in northeast Finland. We assessed the influence of sporocarp traits, such as lifespan, morphology and size, on the fungicolous fungal community. The level of colonisation by fungicolous fungi, measured as the proportion of non-host ITS2 reads, varied between 2.8-39.8% across the 11 host species and was largely dominated by Ascomycota. Host species was the major determinant of the community composition and diversity of fungicolous fungi, suggesting that host adaptation is important for many fungicolous fungi. Furthermore, the alpha-diversity was consistently higher in short-lived and resupinate sporocarps compared to long-lived and pileate ones, perhaps due to a more hostile environment for fungal growth in the latter too. The fungicolous fungi represented numerous lineages in the fungal tree of life, among which a significant portion was poorly represented with reference sequences in databases. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Fungal sporocarps house diverse and host-specific communities of fungicolous fungi
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FIGURE 4 in Revealing new records of hypocrealean fungicolous fungi from northern Thailand
FIGURE 4. Mariannaea humicola (MFLU 23-0422). a Host (Marasmius sp.) b Mycelium presents as scattered white cottony masses on the host (marked in black arrows). c, d Colony on PDA. e Sporulation on PDA. f–k Conidiophores with verticillate phialides. l, m Chlamydospores. n Conidia. Scale bars: c, d = 30 mm, e = 100 μm, f–k = 50 μm, l, m = 10 μm, n = 5 μm.
FIGURE 3 in Revealing new records of hypocrealean fungicolous fungi from northern Thailand
FIGURE 3. Hypomyces sichuanensis (MFLU 23-0421). a Host (Bolete). b, c Colony on PDA. e Sporulation on PDA. e–h Aleurioconidial attachments. i–l Phialoconidial attachments m Aleurioconidia. n Phialoconidia. Scale bars: b, c = 30 mm, d = 500 μm, f, g, i = 100 μm, m, n = 10 μm.
FIGURE 2 in Revealing new records of hypocrealean fungicolous fungi from northern Thailand
FIGURE 2. Phylogram generated from the maximum likelihood (ML) analysis based on ITS-LSU-tub2-tef1α sequence matrix. The tree is rooted with Memnoniella echinata (CBS 344.39) and Stachybotrys chartarum (CBS 129.13). Maximum likelihood bootstrap supports (≥75%), and BI posterior probabilities (≥0.90) are denoted near the respective nodes. The type strains are in black bold, whereas the strain reported in this study is in blue bold.
FIGURE 1 in Revealing new records of hypocrealean fungicolous fungi from northern Thailand
FIGURE 1. Phylogram generated from the maximum likelihood (ML) analysis based on ITS-LSU-tef1α-rpbb2 sequence matrix. The tree is rooted with Trichoderma harzianum (CBS 226.95), T. hamatum (DAOM 167057) and T. viride (CBS 119325). Maximum likelihood bootstrap supports (≥70%) and BI posterior probabilities (≥0.90) are denoted near the respective nodes. The type strains are in black bold, whereas the strain reported in this study is in blue bold.
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