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FIGURE 2 in Cyrtodactylus thirakhupti (Squamata: Gekkonidae), a new cavedwelling gecko from southern Thailand
FIGURE 2. Specimen of Cyrtodactylus thirakhupti, sp. nov. in life, showing the long tail, elongate, slender limbs and digits, and characteristic dorsal banding pattern of the species. Photo by Montri Sumontha.
Ecological specialization, rather than the island effect, explains morphological diversification in an ancient radiation of geckos
Island colonists are often assumed to experience higher levels of phenotypic diversification than continental taxa. However, empirical evidence has uncovered exceptions to this 'island effect'. Here, we tested this pattern using the geckos of the genus Pristurus from continental Arabia and Africa and the Socotra Archipelago. Using a recently published phylogeny and an extensive morphological dataset, we explore the differences in phenotypic evolution between Socotran and continental taxa. Moreover, we reconstructed ancestral habitat occupancy to examine if ecological specialization is correlated with morphological change, comparing phenotypic disparity and trait evolution between habitats. We found a heterogeneous outcome of island colonization. Namely, only one of the three colonization events resulted in a body size increase. However, in general, Socotran species do not present higher levels or rates of morphological diversification than continental groups. Instead, habitat specialization explains better the body size and shape evolution in Pristurus . Particularly, the colonization of ground habitats appears as the main driver of morphological change, producing the highest disparity and evolutionary rates. Additionally, arboreal species show very similar body size and head proportions. These results reveal a determinant role of ecological mechanisms in morphological evolution and corroborate the complexity of ecomorphological dynamics in continent–island systems.
Fig. 3. A in Data On The Reproductive Biology Of The Satanic Leaf-Tailed Gecko, Uroplatus Phantasticus (Squamata, Gekkonidae), At The Bion Terrarium Center As A Contribution To Ex Situ Offspring Programs
Fig. 3. A part of all fertile eggs laid by U. phantasticus females during 2020 breeding season; incubation boxes are filled with "Seramis" medium.
Fig. 1 in Data On The Reproductive Biology Of The Satanic Leaf-Tailed Gecko, Uroplatus Phantasticus (Squamata, Gekkonidae), At The Bion Terrarium Center As A Contribution To Ex Situ Offspring Programs
Fig. 1. Laboratory for breeding stock of U. phantasticus (A) and individual breeze-like minimally equipped terrariums (B).
Fig. 5. A in Data On The Reproductive Biology Of The Satanic Leaf-Tailed Gecko, Uroplatus Phantasticus (Squamata, Gekkonidae), At The Bion Terrarium Center As A Contribution To Ex Situ Offspring Programs
Fig. 5. A total number of eggs (pcs.) obtained from U. phantasticus females by dates during 2020 breeding season.
Fig. 3 in A new species of endemic day gecko (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis) from a wet zone forest in the second peneplain of Southern Sri Lanka
Fig. 3. Cnemaspis godagedarai sp. nov. male holotype (NMSL 2019.09.01.NH) in life in situ. (A) Dorsolateral view of the full body displaying color pattern. (B) Lateral view with temporal coloration. Photos: Chen Lee.
Fig. 2 in A new species of endemic day gecko (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis) from a wet zone forest in the second peneplain of Southern Sri Lanka
Fig. 2. Close-ups of Cnemaspis godagedarai sp. nov. male holotype (NMSL 2019.09.01.NH). (A) Dorsal head; (B) Lateral head; (C) Ventral head; (D) Homogeneous dorsal scales; (E) Scales on lateral surface of trunk; (F) Smooth ventral scales; (G) Cloacal characters with preclocal pores and femoral pores; (H) Subdigital lamellae on manus; (I) Subdigital lamellae on pes; (J) Dorsal scalation of tail; (K) Lateral side of tail; (L) Oval shaped subcaudals. Photos: Suranjan Karunarathna.
Fig. 1 in A new species of endemic day gecko (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis) from a wet zone forest in the second peneplain of Southern Sri Lanka
Fig. 1. Currently known distribution of Cnemaspis godagedarai sp. nov. (Ensalwatte, star), and related species: C. gemunu (Haggala, circle), C. phillipsi (Gammaduwa, triangle), and C. scalpensis (Gannoruwa, square) in Sri Lanka. Photos: Suranjan Karunarathna.
Fig. 4 in A new species of endemic day gecko (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis) from a wet zone forest in the second peneplain of Southern Sri Lanka
Fig. 4. General habitat of Cnemaspis godagedarai sp. nov. at Ensalwatte forest, Matara District, Sri Lanka. (A) Complete view of the forest hill. (B) Dense forest with cool and shady habitat. Photos: Suranjan Karunarathna.
Fig. 4 in A new species of dwarf day gecko (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis) from lower-elevations of Samanala Nature Reserve in Central massif, Sri Lanka
Fig. 4. Cnemaspis anslemi sp. nov. male holotype (NMSL.2019.14.01) in life in-situ. (A) Dorsal view of the full body displaying the typical color pattern and a straight black middorsal dash over midpoint of neck, (B) Ventral aspect showing gular and femoral colorations, (C) lateral view showing labial coloration and zigzag pattern, (D) dorsal view of the full body of female paratype (NMSL.2019.14.02) in life in-situ from Udamaliboda, Samanala Nature Reserve, Sri Lanka. Photos: Kanishka Ukuwela and Suranjan Karunarathna.
Fig. 5 in A new species of dwarf day gecko (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis) from lower-elevations of Samanala Nature Reserve in Central massif, Sri Lanka
Fig. 5. General habitat of Cnemaspis anslemi sp. nov. at Udamaliboda, Samanala Nature Reserve, Kegalle District, Sri Lanka. (A) Complete view of the forest hill, (B) shady forest with thick leaf litter, (C) hundred years old house made using clay and bricks, also with wattle and daub, (D) communal egg laying site on a clay wall. Photos: Madhava Botejue and Suranjan Karunarathna.
Fig. 3 in A new species of dwarf day gecko (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis) from lower-elevations of Samanala Nature Reserve in Central massif, Sri Lanka
Fig. 3. Dorsal and ventral aspects of the type series of Cnemaspis anslemi sp. nov. (A) Male holotype, NMSL.2019.14.01, (B) female paratype, NMSL.2019.14.02, and (C) female paratype, NMSL.2019.14.03 from Udamaliboda, Samanala Nature Reserve, Sri Lanka. Photos: Suranjan Karunarathna.
Fig. 2 in A new species of dwarf day gecko (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis) from lower-elevations of Samanala Nature Reserve in Central massif, Sri Lanka
Fig. 2. Close-ups of Cnemaspis anslemi sp. nov. male holotype (NMSL.2019.14.01): (A) dorsal, (B) lateral, (C) ventral aspects of head, (D) scales on lateral surface of trunk, (E) smooth ventral scales, (F) homogeneous dorsal scales, (G) cloacal characters with femoral pores, (H) subdigital lamellae on pes, (I) subdigital lamellae on manus, (J) lateral side of tail, (K) oval shaped subcaudals, and (L) dorsal scalation of tail. Photos: Suranjan Karunarathna.
Fig. 6 in A new species of dwarf day gecko (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis) from lower-elevations of Samanala Nature Reserve in Central massif, Sri Lanka
Fig. 6. Morphological characters that differentiate the species of podihuna and kandiana clades. (A) Scales and pores around vent in podihuna clade, (B) scales and pores around vent in kandiana clade, (C) keeled and imbricate belly scales, (D) smooth and imbricate belly scales, (E) heterogeneous keeled dorsal granules, (F) homogeneous smooth dorsal granules, (G) smooth sub-hexagonal subcaudals in podihuna clade, (H) smooth, solid hexagonal subcaudals in podihuna clade, (I) smooth, small, and irregular subcaudals in kandiana clade, (J) keeled, small, and irregular subcaudals in kandiana clade (yellow arrows: unpored posterior femoral scales in males; blue arrows: femoral pores in males; green arrows: unpored anterior femoral scales in males; red arrows: precloacal pores in males; white arrows: unpored interfemoral scales in males).
Fig. 1 in A new species of dwarf day gecko (Reptilia: Gekkonidae: Cnemaspis) from lower-elevations of Samanala Nature Reserve in Central massif, Sri Lanka
Fig. 1. Currently known distribution of Cnemaspis anslemi sp. nov. (Udamaliboda–star), and related species: C. phillipsi (Gammaduwa–traingle), C. scalpensis (Gannoruwa–square), C. gemunu (Haggala–circle), and C. godagedarai (Ensalwatte– diamond) in Sri Lanka.
Fig. 2. A in First population assessment of two cryptic Tiger Geckos (Goniurosaurus) from northern Vietnam: Implications for conservation
Fig. 2. A: Macrohabitat and B: Microhabit of Goniurosaurus luii in Ha Lang District, Cao Bang Province, North Vietnam; specimens of G. luii from C: Cao Bang Province and D: Lang Son Province (new record). Photos Mona van Schingen, Marta Bernardes, and Tao Thien Nguyen.
Fig. 4. A in First population assessment of two cryptic Tiger Geckos (Goniurosaurus) from northern Vietnam: Implications for conservation
Fig. 4. A: Average population structure of Goniurosaurus catbaensis and a continental G. luii population from Cao Bang Province (May–August vs. June, respectively); B: Frequency histogram of Snout-vent length of G. catbaensis for the months May, July, and August.
Fig. 3. A in First population assessment of two cryptic Tiger Geckos (Goniurosaurus) from northern Vietnam: Implications for conservation
Fig. 3. A: Macrohabitat of Goniurosaurus catbaensis at the coast of Cat Ba Island; B: Limestone cliffs, the typical microhabitat of G. catbaensis; C: Adult male of G. catbaensis marked for population assessment; D: First evidence for the occurrence of G. catbaensis within limestone cave of small offshore Island in Ha Long Bay archipelago. Photos Hai Ngo, Tao Thien Nguyen, and Minh Le Pham.
Fig. 1 in First population assessment of two cryptic Tiger Geckos (Goniurosaurus) from northern Vietnam: Implications for conservation
Fig. 1. Distribution of the cryptic species Goniurosaurus catbaensis (gray circles) and G. luii (black circles): Filled circles represent study areas; dashed circle represents new record of G. luii; questions marks indicate former localities or sites where the current presence is unclear. Occurrence records were represented as big circles to prevent showing exact locality data.
Fig. 14. PCA plot for standardized morphometric data for H in A new rupicolous species of gecko of the genus Hemidactylus Oken, 1817 from the Satpura Hills, Central India
Fig. 14. PCA plot for standardized morphometric data for H. chipkali sp. nov. (black), H. cf. murrayi (red) and H. treutleri (blue). Circles = male and squares = female.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.