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208 results for “geographic patterns”
Divergent geographic patterns and functional characteristics: Subtle mapping for ponds in the Yangtze River Delta Region
<p>Pond water surfaces (PWS) possess diverse functional types, such as aquaculture, agriculture-water supplement, and ecosystem regulation. However, existing research often treats PWS as a homogeneous aquatic ecosystem; the absence of a comprehensive PWS classification system hinders ours understanding of PWS background characteristics and is detrimental to watershed management. Here, a comprehensive classification system of PWS, including fish aquaculture ponds (FAP), shrimp and crab aquaculture ponds (SCAP), natural ponds (NP), and landscaping ponds (LP) was proposed from remote sensing perspectives. Additionally, interpretation rules were standardized from multi-features including spectrum, shape, topography, and surrounding geographical environments. Subsequently, refined spatiotemporal data product of PWS in the Yangtze River Delta from 2016 to 2022 was generated using Sentinel-2 images with 10 m spatial resolutions. The results indicate that: (1) The spatiotemporal changes exhibited three stages, i.e., “declining – stable – recovery.” The area of PWS decreased from 5186.52 km² to 4920.90 km²in 2016-2017, stabilized at approximately 4500 km² in 2019-2021, and then rebounded to 4834.12 km² in 2022. (2) Regarding different PWS functional types, significant differences were demonstrated in terms of area, surrounding environment, and spatiotemporal changes. Firstly, FAP dominated in terms of area, accounting for 47.81% of the total. Secondly, FAP was widely around rivers and lakes. At the same time, SCAP was concentrated around lakes or along the coast, LP was primarily found in urban areas, and NP was predominantly found in rural areas and mountainous regions; Thirdly, NP decreased as land remediation work progressed continuously, while LP increased due to policy support for urban renewal. Changes in aquaculture were more complex, experiencing a sharp decline from 2016 to 2020 due to reduced market demand but rebounded in 2021-2022 with supportive policies. In summary, the system and data products developed in this study reveal the diverse relationships of "functional type-geographical environment-driving factor" regarding PWS, implicating appropriate planning for aquatic ecosystem.</p>
Fig. 18 in Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species
Fig. 18. Regional distribution of the genus Uvaria (Annonaceae) in the Pacific. Base map sourced from CartoGIS, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Australia.
Fig. 14 in Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species
Fig. 14. Regional distribution of the genus Monoon (Annonaceae) in the Pacific. Base map sourced from CartoGIS, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Australia.
Fig. 15 in Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species
Fig. 15. Lectotype of Polyalthia merrillii Kaneh. Right-hand image has the label folded back to reveal the obscured parts of the specimen. Images provided by the Herbarium of Kyushu University (FU), Japan.
Fig. 11 in Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species
Fig. 11. Lectotype of Goniothalamus carolinensis Kaneh. Image provided by the Herbarium of Kyushu University (FU), Japan.
Fig. 8 in Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species
Fig. 8. Map of Samoa showing the collecting localities of Huberantha whistleri I.M.Turner & Utteridge sp. nov.
Fig. 7. Huberantha whistleri I.M in Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species
Fig. 7. Huberantha whistleri I.M.Turner & Utteridge sp. nov. A. Flowering shoot (lower right leaf showing abaxial surface, rest adaxial). B. Flower lateral view (one petal missing). C. Remnant flower with carpels and persistent calyx after loss of corolla and stamens. D, E. Two views of stamen. F. Ovary and stigma. G. Fruit (same scale as A). H. Monocarp (immature). Scale bars: graduated single bar = 2 mm; double bar = 1 cm; graduated double bar = 5 cm. Drawn from Whistler 576. Drawn by Andrew Brown.
Fig. 17 in Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species
Fig. 17. Regional distribution of the genus Popowia (Annonaceae) in the Pacific. Base map sourced from CartoGIS, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Australia.
Fig. 5. Huberantha asymmetrica I.M in Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species
Fig. 5. Huberantha asymmetrica I.M.Turner & Utteridge sp. nov. A. Leafy shoot bearing fruit (leaf marked with an asterisk showing adaxial surface, rest with abaxial view). B. Leaf (adaxial view) showing distinct asymmetry. C. Flowering shoot. D. Leaf lamina abaxial midrib region showing indumentum. E. Leaf lamina adaxial midrib region showing indumentum. F. Flower viewed from below. G. Monocarp sectioned longitudinally. Scale bars: graduated single bar = 2 mm; double bar = 1 cm; graduated double bar = 5 cm. Drawn from BSIP 12085 (A in part, D, E); BSIP 9859 (A in part, G); BSIP 12719 (C); BSIP 12261 (B). Drawn by Andrew Brown.
Fig. 4 in Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species
Fig. 4. Map of the Solomon Archipelago showing the collecting localities of Monoon salomonicum I.M.Turner & Utteridge sp. nov.
Fig. 16 in Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species
Fig. 16. Regional distribution of the genus Polyalthia (Annonaceae) in the Pacific. Base map sourced from CartoGIS, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Australia.
Fig. 2 in Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species
Fig. 2. Map of New Guinea showing the collecting localities of Monoon pachypetalum I.M.Turner & Utteridge sp. nov.
Fig. 3. Monoon salomonicum I.M in Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species
Fig. 3. Monoon salomonicum I.M. Turner & Utteridge sp. nov. A. Leafy twig. B. Domatia in axils of secondary nerves on leaf abaxial surface. C. Indumentum on adaxial surface of midrib. D. Example of more distinctly acuminate leaf apex. E. Branchlet bearing flower. F, G. Two views of flower, one attached, one detached. H. Fruiting pedicel bearing two monocarps. I. Monocarp with part of pericarp removed to expose seed. J. Transverse section of monocarp. Scale bars: graduated single bar = 2 mm; double bar = 1 cm; graduated double bar = 5 cm. Drawn from BSIP 3661 (A, C, E–J); RSS 2530 (B, D). Drawn by Andrew Brown.
Fig. 6 in Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species
Fig. 6. Map of the Solomon Archipelago showing the collecting localities of Huberantha asymmetrica I.M.Turner & Utteridge sp. nov.
Fig. 1. Monoon pachypetalum I.M in Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species
Fig. 1. Monoon pachypetalum I.M.Turner & Utteridge sp. nov. A. Foliage. B. Shoot bearing flower in leaf axil. C. Shoot bearing old fruit without monocarps. D. Detached monocarp. E. Flower, lateral view. F. Flower pedicel and calyx viewed from below. G. Outer petal, abaxial view. H. Median longitudinal section through outer petal. I. Inner petal, abaxial view. Scale bars: graduated single bar = 5 mm; double bar = 1 cm; graduated double bar = 5 cm. Drawn from Dransfield JD7565 (A, C, D); Nedi 781 (B, E); Gjellerup 738 (F–I). Drawn by Andrew Brown.
Fig. 9 in Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species
Fig. 9. Regional distribution of the genus Drepananthus (Annonaceae) in the Pacific. Base map sourced from CartoGIS, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Australia.
Fig. 13 in Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species
Fig. 13. Regional distribution of the genus Meiogyne (Annonaceae) in the Pacific. Base map sourced from CartoGIS, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Australia.
Fig. 12 in Annonaceae in the Western Pacific: geographic patterns and four new species
Fig. 12. Regional distribution of the genus Huberantha (Annonaceae) in the Pacific. Base map sourced from CartoGIS, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Australia.
Geographic patterns in morphometric and genetic variation for coyote populations with emphasis on southeastern coyotes
Prior to 1900, coyotes (Canis latrans) were restricted to the western and central regions of North America, but by the early 2000s coyotes became ubiquitous throughout the eastern United States. Information regarding morphological and genetic structure of coyote populations in the southeastern United States is limited, and where data exist, they are rarely compared to those from other regions of North America. We assessed geographic patterns in morphology and genetics of coyotes with special consideration of coyotes in the southeastern United States. Mean body mass of coyote populations increased along a west-to-east gradient, with southeastern coyotes being intermediate to western and northeastern coyotes. Similarly, principal component analysis of body mass and linear body measurements suggested that southeastern coyotes were intermediate to western and northeastern coyotes in body size but exhibited shorter tails and ears from other populations. Genetic analyses indicated that southeastern coyotes represented a distinct genetic cluster that differentiated strongly from western and northeastern coyotes. We postulate that southeastern coyotes experienced lower immigration from western populations than did northeastern coyotes, and over time, genetically diverged from both western and northeastern populations. Coyotes colonizing eastern North America experienced different selective pressures than did stable populations in the core range and we offer that the larger body size of eastern coyotes reflect an adaptation that improved dispersal capabilities of individuals in the expanding range.
Divergence, gene flow and the origin of leapfrog geographic distributions: the history of color pattern variation in Phyllobates poison-dart frogs
<p>The geographic distribution of phenotypic variation among closely related populations is a valuable source of information about the evolutionary processes that generate and maintain biodiversity. Leapfrog distributions, in which phenotypically similar populations are disjunctly distributed and separated by one or more phenotypically distinct populations, represent geographic replicates for the existence of a phenotype, and are therefore especially informative. Phyllobates poison frogs. We found evidence for high levels of gene flow between neighboring populations but not over long distances, indicating that gene flow between populations exhibiting the central phenotype may have a homogenizing effect that maintains their similarity, and that introgression between "leapfroging" taxa has not played a prominent role as a driver of phenotypic diversity in <i>Phyllobates</i>. Although phylogenetic analyses suggest that the leapfrog distribution was formed through independent evolution of the peripheral (i.e. leapfrogging) populations, the elevated levels of gene flow between geographically close populations poise alternative scenarios, such as the history of phenotypic change becoming decoupled from genome-averaged patterns of divergence, which we cannot rule out. These results highlight the importance of incorporating gene flow between populations into the study of geographic variation in phenotypes, both as a driver of phenotypic diversity and as a confounding factor of phylogeographic inferences.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.