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46 results for “geographical origin”
Soil pH, developmental stages and geographical origin differently influence the root metabolomic diversity and root-related microbial diversity of Echium vulgare from native habitats
<p>R Studio codes and ASV table used to analyze the microbiome data of our Echium vulgare microbial ecology experiment. </p>
Divergence, gene flow and the origin of leapfrog geographic distributions: the history of color pattern variation in Phyllobates poison-dart frogs
<p>The geographic distribution of phenotypic variation among closely related populations is a valuable source of information about the evolutionary processes that generate and maintain biodiversity. Leapfrog distributions, in which phenotypically similar populations are disjunctly distributed and separated by one or more phenotypically distinct populations, represent geographic replicates for the existence of a phenotype, and are therefore especially informative. Phyllobates poison frogs. We found evidence for high levels of gene flow between neighboring populations but not over long distances, indicating that gene flow between populations exhibiting the central phenotype may have a homogenizing effect that maintains their similarity, and that introgression between "leapfroging" taxa has not played a prominent role as a driver of phenotypic diversity in <i>Phyllobates</i>. Although phylogenetic analyses suggest that the leapfrog distribution was formed through independent evolution of the peripheral (i.e. leapfrogging) populations, the elevated levels of gene flow between geographically close populations poise alternative scenarios, such as the history of phenotypic change becoming decoupled from genome-averaged patterns of divergence, which we cannot rule out. These results highlight the importance of incorporating gene flow between populations into the study of geographic variation in phenotypes, both as a driver of phenotypic diversity and as a confounding factor of phylogeographic inferences.</p>
Рис. 4. ГеографическаЯ локалиЗациЯ современных (●) и фоссильных (○) находок Laternula elliptica в Антарктике; (■) – локалиЗациЯ находки фоссильной раковины Laternula synthetica в Новой Зеландии. Fig. 4. Geographical localization of the Recent (●) and fossil (○) records of Laternula elliptica in Antarctica; (■) – record of a fossil shell of Laternula synthetica in New Zealand. in Species of warm-water origin Laternula elliptica (King, 1832) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Laternulidae), a widespread mollusk in recent Antarctica
Рис. 4. ГеографическаЯ локалиЗациЯ современных (●) и фоссильных (○) находок Laternula elliptica в Антарктике; (■) – локалиЗациЯ находки фоссильной раковины Laternula synthetica в Новой Зеландии. Fig. 4. Geographical localization of the Recent (●) and fossil (○) records of Laternula elliptica in Antarctica; (■) – record of a fossil shell of Laternula synthetica in New Zealand.
Figure 24 in A description of Echinorhynchus baeri Kostylew, 1928 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from Salmo trutta in Turkey, with notes on synonymy, geographical origins, geological history, molecular profile, and X-ray microanalysis
Figure 24. The printout for the elemental scan (EDXA) for the miniature apical hook at the apex of the E. baeri proboscis. Note the drop in calcium and phosphorus peaks compared to that of normal hooks (Fig. 23).
Figure 1 in A description of Echinorhynchus baeri Kostylew, 1928 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from Salmo trutta in Turkey, with notes on synonymy, geographical origins, geological history, molecular profile, and X-ray microanalysis
Figure 1. Collection site of Echinorhynchus baeri from Salmo trutta in the Kilise Stream, Murat River, Turkey.
Figure 23 in A description of Echinorhynchus baeri Kostylew, 1928 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from Salmo trutta in Turkey, with notes on synonymy, geographical origins, geological history, molecular profile, and X-ray microanalysis
Figure 23. The printout of the elemental scan (EDXA) for the common large hooks for E. baeri. Note height of calcium and phosphorus peaks.
Figures 11–16 in A description of Echinorhynchus baeri Kostylew, 1928 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from Salmo trutta in Turkey, with notes on synonymy, geographical origins, geological history, molecular profile, and X-ray microanalysis
Figures 11–16. SEM of mature specimens of Echinorhynchus baeri from S. trutta in Turkey. 11. Proboscis of a female specimen. Note variation in hook size; smaller hooks at base 12. Anterior hooks. Note indentation at the base of the hooks (arrow). 13. Double miniature hooks at apical end of proboscis (arrow); occasionally one miniature apical hook present. 14. Higher magnification of an apical hook; note perforations. This hook has a low Ca reading (see EDAX data). 15. A gallium cut normal hook from the mid-proboscis. Note prominent calcified root. 16. A gallium cut miniature apical hook. Note the hollow base and absence of roots.
Figures 3–10 in A description of Echinorhynchus baeri Kostylew, 1928 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from Salmo trutta in Turkey, with notes on synonymy, geographical origins, geological history, molecular profile, and X-ray microanalysis
Figures 3–10. Specimens of Echinorhynchus baeri collected from Salmo trutta in Turkey and proboscis hook rows of specimens of E. sevani and E. baeri, respectively, collected from Salmo ischchan in Lake Sevan, Armenia. 3. A male specimen. Note the unique amoeboid, lobulated giant nuclei in the long lemnisci (arrow), the prominent retractor muscles, and the near contiguous ovoid-elongate testes. Proboscis is usually bent ventrad. 4. A gravid female with typically long lemnisci. The reproductive system is obscured by eggs. 5. The female reproductive system. Note the very long and slender uterus and the longitudinal bulge near its distal end (upper arrow). Also note the laterally extending uterine glands at the base of the uterine bell (lower arrow). 6. The proboscis of the male specimens in Fig. 3. Note the uninucleated round cells (arrow). 7. A ripe egg with prominent polar prolongation of the fertilization membrane. 8. A ventral row of proboscis hooks from a male specimen. Note the lack of root manubria anteriorly and the gradual development of manubria with decreasing size of roots posteriorly. 9. Lateral view of hooks of E. sevani after Dinnik (1932) showing variable manubriation in all hook roots ''A = first two hooks. B & C = middle hooks, D & E = last two hooks of the vertical row.'' Measurement bars were not provided. 10. Lateral view of hooks of E. baeri after Kostylew (1928) showing the absence of manubria in all hook roots and the virtual absence of roots of the basal hook; measurement bars were not provided.
Figures 17–22 in A description of Echinorhynchus baeri Kostylew, 1928 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from Salmo trutta in Turkey, with notes on synonymy, geographical origins, geological history, molecular profile, and X-ray microanalysis
Figures 17–22. SEM of mature specimens of Echinorhynchus baeri from S. trutta in Turkey. 17. Sensory pore (arrow) at the base of the proboscis. No micropores here. 18. Epidermal micropores at midtrunk. 19. The posterior end of a female specimen showing terminal gonopore. 20. Egg mass from a dissected female specimen. 21. Bursa of a male specimen. 22. The opening of the bursa showing one ring of sensory knobs (arrow).
Figure 2 in A description of Echinorhynchus baeri Kostylew, 1928 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) from Salmo trutta in Turkey, with notes on synonymy, geographical origins, geological history, molecular profile, and X-ray microanalysis
Figure 2. The drainage system of the historic Inner Anatolian freshwater Lake of the Middle Miocene-Pliocene period based on Demirsoy (2008). The drainage is shown to include the Aras, Murat, and Euphrates rivers. Striped lines mark the present borders and coasts of Turkey.
Fig. 1 in Using hydrogen stable isotope ratios to trace the geographic origin of the population of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) trapped in northern China
Fig. 1. Implied relationship standard curve equation between Bactrocera dorsalis and precipitation based on a δ2H stable isotope (solid line indicates the linear regression and dash lines indicate the 95% confident intervals).
Dataset: Variation in leaf reflectance spectra across the California flora partitioned by evolutionary history, geographic origin, and deep time
<p>We collected leaf reflectance data from plants in a common garden where plants from across California are grown. We focused on 10 regions of the California Floristic Province represented at the Regional Parks Botanic Garden (RPBG). During the summer of 2020 and the early-fall of 2021, we visited RPBG with a back-pack spectroradiometer (ASD Fieldspec 4 and Fieldspec Pro) with an attached leaf clip and plant probe with its own light source (part number A122327). From each accessible plant we collected leaf-level reflectance spectra (380 to 2500 nm, 3 nm in the VNIR, 10 nm in the SWIR) from ~3 representative leaves). This dataset includes 631 region-by-species mean leaf-level reflectance spectra, both in raw reflectance as well as subjected to Continuum Removal. </p>
Divergence, gene flow and the origin of leapfrog geographic distributions: the history of color pattern variation in Phyllobates poison-dart frogs
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Mapping the geographic origin of captive and confiscated Hermann's tortoises: a genetic toolkit for conservation and forensic analyses
<p>The illegal trade has been threatening tortoise populations worldwide for decades. Nowadays, however, DNA typing and forensic genetic approaches allow us to investigate the geographic origin of confiscated animals and to relocate them into the wild, providing that suitable molecular tools and reference data are available. Here we assess the suitability of a small panel of microsatellite markers to investigate patterns of illegal translocations and to assist forensic genetic applications in the endangered Mediterranean land tortoise <em>Testudo hermanni hermanni</em>. Specific allelic ladders were created for each locus and tested on several reference samples. We used the microsatellite panel to (i) increase our understanding of the population genetic structure in wild populations with new data from previously unsampled geographic areas (overall 461 wild individuals from 28 sampling sites); (ii) detect the presence of non-native individuals in wild populations; and (iii) identify the most likely geographic area of origin of 458 confiscated individuals hosted in Italian seizure and recovery centers. Our analysis initially identified six major genetic clusters corresponding to different geographic macro-areas along the Mediterranean range. Long-distance migrants among wild populations, due to translocations, were found and removed from the reference database. Assignment tests allowed us to allocate approximately 70% of confiscated individuals of unknown origin to one of the six Mediterranean macro-areas. Most of the assigned tortoises belonged to the genetic cluster corresponding to the area where the respective captivity center was located. However, we also found evidence of long-distance origins of confiscated individuals, especially in centers along the Adriatic coast and facing the Balkan regions, a well-known source of illegally traded individuals. Our results clearly show that the microsatellite panel and the reference dataset can play a beneficial role in reintroduction and repatriation projects when confiscated individuals need to be re-assigned to their respective macro-area of origin before release, and can assist future forensic genetic applications in detecting the illegal trade and possession of <em>Testudo hermanni</em> individuals.</p>
Data from: Assigning harvested waterfowl to geographic origin using feather δ2H isoscapes: What is the best analytical approach?
<p class="MsoListParagraph">Establishing links between breeding, stopover, and wintering sites for migratory species is important for their effective conservation and management. Isotopic assignment methods used to create these connections rely on the use of predictable, established relationships between the isotopic composition of environmental hydrogen and that of the non-exchangeable hydrogen in animal tissues, often in the form of a calibration equation relating feather (<em>δ</em><sup>2</sup>H<sub>f</sub>) values derived from known-origin individuals and amount-weighted long-term precipitation (<em>δ</em><sup>2</sup>H<sub>p</sub>) data. The efficacy of assigning waterfowl to moult origin using stable isotopes depends on the accuracy of these relationships and their statistical uncertainty. Most current calibrations for terrestrial species in North America are done using amount-weighted mean growing-season <em>δ</em><sup>2</sup>H<sub>p</sub> values, but the calibration relationship is less clear for aquatic and semi-aquatic species. Our objective was to critically evaluate current methods used to calibrate <em>δ</em><sup>2</sup>H<sub>p</sub> isoscapes to predicted <em>δ</em><sup>2</sup>H<sub>f</sub> values for waterfowl. Specifically, we evaluated the strength of the relationships between <em>δ</em><sup>2</sup>H<sub>p</sub> values from three commonly used isoscapes and known-origin <em>δ</em><sup>2</sup>H<sub>f</sub> values from three published and one collected as part of this study, also grouping these data into foraging guilds (dabbling vs diving ducks). </p>
Data from: Assigning harvested waterfowl to geographic origin using feather δ2H isoscapes: What is the best analytical approach?
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Using high-density SNP genotyping to determine the origin of wild boar dispersers outside the geographic range margins in Norway
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Mapping the geographic origin of captive and confiscated Hermann’s tortoises: a genetic toolkit for conservation and forensic analyses
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Data from: Where do wintering cormorants come from? Long-term changes in the geographical origin of a migratory bird on a continental scale
1. Populations of migratory birds often mix to a considerable extent in their wintering areas. Knowledge about the composition of wintering populations is highly relevant in relation to management, not least for species, such as the great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis, prone to conflicts with human interests. However, few studies have been able to estimate long-term changes in winter population composition. 2. We use 30 years of ringing and recovery data (1983-2013) from all major breeding populations of cormorants in continental Europe (except the Black Sea region) to estimate partitioning probabilities (i.e. the probabilities of moving to specific wintering areas) using a Bayesian capture-mark-recovery model. Combining these results with information on breeding numbers and reproductive output in a population model, we estimate the size and composition of wintering populations in Europe and North Africa. 3. Partitioning probabilities showed some variation over time, but were similar for first-winter and older birds. Cormorants from the western part of the breeding range tended to winter progressively further west over time. This may be a density-dependent response to the recent growth of more easterly breeding populations. 4. All wintering populations grew rapidly over the study period, and their composition showed pronounced changes. All wintering populations were composed of birds from many different breeding populations, but the proportion of cormorants of more easterly origin increased markedly over time in most wintering areas. 5. Policy implications. Cormorant wintering populations in Europe consist of mixtures of birds of different breeding origin, and these mixtures are highly variable over time. This reduces the chances of successfully limiting conflicts in a specific wintering area through e.g. regulation of breeding numbers in one breeding area. The dynamic nature of cormorant winter populations means that conflicts are best addressed when and where the conflict occurs, or on the scale of the entire continental population. It is unlikely that the latter will be cost-effective and politically realistic.09-Jan-2018
Data from: Understanding geographic origins and history of admixture among chimpanzees in European zoos, with implications for future breeding programmes
Despite ample focus on this endangered species, conservation planning for chimpanzees residing outside Africa has proven a challenge because of the lack of ancestry information. Here, we analysed the largest number of chimpanzee samples to date, examining microsatellites in >100 chimpanzees from the range of the species in Africa, and 20% of the European zoo population. We applied the knowledge about subspecies differentiation throughout equatorial Africa to assign origin to chimpanzees in the largest conservation management programme globally. A total of 63% of the genotyped chimpanzees from the European zoos could be assigned to one of the recognized subspecies. The majority being of West African origin (40%) will help consolidate the current breeding programme for this subspecies and the identification of individuals belonging to the two other subspecies so far found in European zoos can form the basis for breeding programmes for these. Individuals of various degree of mixed ancestry made up 37% of the genotyped European zoo population and thus highlight the need for appropriate management programmes guided by genetic analysis to preserve maximum genetic diversity and reduce hybridization among subspecies.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.