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132 results for “global radiation”
Metabolism dataset: one year of high-frequency temperature, dissolved oxygen, wind, photosynthetically active radiation observations and low-frequency nutrient data for 58 lakes in the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network
Understanding controls on primary productivity is essential for describing ecosystems and their responses to environmental change. Lake primary production is strongly controlled by inputs of nutrients and colored dissolved organic matter. While past studies have developed mathematical models of this nutrient-color paradigm, broad empirical tests of these models are scarce. We compiled data from 58 diverse and globally distributed and mostly temperate lakes to test such a model and improve understanding and prediction of the controls on lake primary production. These lakes varied widely in size (0.02-2300 km2), pelagic gross primary production (20-8000 mg C m-2 d-1), and other characteristics. The data package includes high-frequency dissolved oxygen, water temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation data as well as daily estimates of GPP and ER derived from those data. In addition, the data package includes median in-lake and stream concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and total phosphorus for a subset of 18 of those lakes.
Data and code release for Carleton, Cornetet, Huybers, Meng & Proctor (PNAS, 2020), "Global evidence for ultraviolet radiation decreasing COVID-19 growth rates"
<p>This upload contains all replication material for "Global evidence for ultraviolet radiation decreasing COVID-19 growth rates" (PNAS, 2020). Please note that previous versions of this upload provided data and code for the pre-print version of the article, which changed somewhat through the peer review process. </p> <p><strong>Authors:</strong> Tamma Carleton, Jules Cornetet, Peter Huybers, Kyle C. Meng, Jonathan Proctor.</p> <p><strong>Code is located within CCHMP_covid_climate_code_release.zip</strong>, and is written in R, Stata, and Matlab. The working directory should be set to the repository folder at the top of each script (all other filepaths are relative).</p> <p>Please find the code needed to replicate the main findings of the paper described below:</p> <ul> <li>Plots of data: R and Stata scripts to make figures 1B, 2A/B/C, S1, S2, and S3, can be found within “code/analysis/data_plots/”.</li> <li>Regression analysis: Stata scripts to run the distributed lag regressions and plot the results in figures 2, 3C, S5, S6, S7, S8, S10, and S14, as well as Table S1, can be found within “code/analysis/regressions/”. R scripts for data analysis and plotting for figures 3A/B and S9 are also within "code/analysis/regressions/".</li> <li>Seasonal simulations: R and Stata scripts to replicate the seasonal simulation shown in figures 4, S4 and S11 can be found within “code/analysis/seasonal_sim/”.</li> <li>SEIR simulations: Matlab scripts to replicate the SEIR simulations shown in figures S12 and S13 can be found within “code/analysis/SEIR/”.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Data are located within CCHMP_covid_climate_data_release.zip.</strong></p>
A dataset of global variations in directional solar radiation exposure for ocular research using the libRadtran radiative transfer model
<p>Directional solar photon flux density has particular relevance to eye disease research (keratitis, cataract formation, macula degeneration) because ocular components (cornea, lens, retina) experience different exposures dependent on global location, structural geometry of the eye and human behaviour (Sliney, 1997). The human macula has a field of view of ~17<strong>°</strong>, or 0.06901537 sr (Strasburger, Rentschler & Jüttner, 2011) and its cone of exposure can be modelled at a range of global locations using a radiation transfer model to estimate different directions of irradiation. This dataset provides examples of spectral radiance within the macula field of vision, calculated with the radiative transfer model libRadtran v2.0.3 (Mayer & Kylling, 2005). Three data sets are provided at different latitudes without correction for spectral ocular transmission. Unless otherwise specified, all simulations were parametrized according to local meteorological condition (altitude, pressure, temperature) and atmospheric conditions on the simulated day (aerosol optical density, water column, O<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations). The model was parametrized for a subject looking northward toward the ground (-15<strong>°</strong> from horizon), at a height of 170 cm above the ground.</p> <p>For each simulation, a separate file is available for each condition (latitude, time, date, see below) that includes radiance at each wavelength. Radiance values are in mW m<sup>-2</sup> nm<sup>-1</sup> sr<sup>-1</sup>.</p> <p>The technique provides future opportunity to model global exposures of different ocular components to spectral solar irradiance using information on ocular transmission, local terrain, albedo and human behaviour in order to explore their relevance in epidemiological studies of age-related eye disease.</p> <p>For each simulation, a separate file is available for each condition (latitude, time, date, see below) that includes radiance at each wavelength. Radiance values are in mW m<sup>-2</sup> nm<sup>-1</sup> sr<sup>-1</sup>.</p> <p>The technique provides future opportunity to model global exposures of different ocular components to spectral solar irradiance using information on ocular transmission, local terrain, albedo and human behaviour in order to explore their relevance in epidemiological studies of age-related eye disease.</p> <p><em>Simulation 1: </em>This data set reports the spectral radiance from 250 - 500 nm at:</p> <ul> <li>3 latitudes (61.0: Southern Finland, 50.1 Northern France, 38.0: Central Spain).</li> <li>4 dates (April 17<sup>th</sup>, July 1<sup>st</sup>, September 1<sup>st</sup>, November 6<sup>th</sup> 2019).</li> <li>24 hours.</li> <li>8 cardinal directions (every 45<strong>° </strong>from North).</li> <li>2 aerosol optical densities (0.1 and 2.5).</li> </ul> <p><em>Simulation 2: </em>This data set reports the spectral radiance from 250 - 2,500 nm at:</p> <ul> <li>3 latitudes (61.0: Southern Finland, 50.1 Northern France, 38.0: Central Spain).</li> <li>4 dates (April 17<sup>th</sup>, July 1<sup>st</sup>, September 1<sup>st</sup>, November 6<sup>th</sup> 2019).</li> <li>24 hours.</li> <li>1 cardinal direction (North).</li> <li>2 aerosol optical densities (0.1 and 2.5).</li> </ul> <p><em>Simulation 3: </em>This data set reports the spectral radiance from 250 - 500 nm at:</p> <ul> <li>1 latitude (61.0: Southern Finland).</li> <li>4 dates (April 17<sup>th</sup>, July 1<sup>st</sup>, September 1<sup>st</sup>, November 6<sup>th</sup> 2019).</li> <li>24 hours.</li> <li>9 cardinal directions (every 40<strong>° </strong>from North).</li> <li>3 bidirectional reflectance distribution functions for the ground (forest, urban, snow).</li> <li>2 tilt angles for the eye direction (0<strong>° </strong> from horizon or -15<strong>°</strong> from horizon, toward the ground).</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Exploring the Relationship Between Upper Ocean States and the Falling Ice Radiative Effects using ECCO Product and Global Climate Models
<p><strong><span>Sensitivity test using CESM1-CAM5 following CMIP5 protocool from 1980-2005</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span>NOS: no falling ice radiative effects (FIREs), four data sets</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span>SON: with FIREs, for data sets</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span> Xsize = 362 Ysize = 182 Zsize = 18</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span>Format: netcdf</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span>Upper 200 meter ocean variables</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span>Annual mean (ANN)</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span>CESM2-var-NOS (or SON)-ANN.nc, var = (UO, VO, WO, TO) = (zonal velocity, meridional velocity, ascending velocity, potential temperature) : (cm/s, cm/s, cm/s, K)</span></strong></p>
Data for the publication "The global aerosol-climate model ECHAM6.3-HAM2.3 – Part 2: Cloud evaluation, aerosol radiative forcing and climate sensitivity"
<p>This repository contains the data for the paper:</p> <p>"Neubauer, D., Ferrachat, S., Siegenthaler-Le Drian, C., Stier, P. Partridge, D. G., Tegen, I., Bey, I., Stanelle, T., Kokkola, H., and Lohmann, U.: The global aerosol-climate model ECHAM6.3-HAM2.3 – Part 2: Cloud evaluation, aerosol radiative forcing and climate sensitivity, Geosci. Mod. Dev., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2018-307, 2019."</p> <p>Each tar-file contains the data (or instructions how to obtain the data) to reproduce a figure or table in our paper.</p> <p>Note that the scripts to plot this data are to be found in the accompanying package (http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2553891)</p> <p> </p>
LMDZOR-INCA global model simulations diagnostics for mineral dust direct radiative effet calculations
<p>This dataset contains the diagnostic variable used to estimate the mineral dust aerosol direct radiative effect from LMDZOR-INCA global simulations using different refractive index data and different size modes and a multimodal size distribution.</p> <p>The NetCDF files provide the radiation fields shortwave all sky (solswad, topswad) and clear sky (solswad0, topswad0) (sol is for the surface and top for the top of the atmosphere) and the longwave all sky (sollwad, toplwad) and clear sky (sollwad0, toplwad0), as monthly means over global grids.</p> <p>Data are provided for the mean, minimum and maximum of the complex refractive index from Di Biagio et al. (2017) ( https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1901-2017 ) and the refractive index by Volz et al. (1973) ( <a href="https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.12.000564">https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.12.000564</a> ) in the longwave spectral range and for the refractive index by Balkanski et al. (2007) ( https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-81-2007) corresponding to 1.5% hematite by volume in the shortwave range.</p> <p>Simulations are performed for four lognormal size distributions with mass median diameters (sigma) of 1 µm (1.8), 2.5 µm (2), 7 µm (1.9), 22 µm (2). The multimodal run is performed on the size distribution obtained as the sum of the four modes combined follwing the mass fractions of 0.6%, 4.3%, 31.5%, and 63.6% for the four modes, respectively.</p> <p>Variables for the dust atmospheric load and optical depth at 550 nm for each mode are in the mean run for each mode.</p> <p>Input mass extinction efficiency (Ext, m2/g), absorption exitinction efficiency (Abs, m2/g), single scattering albedo (w) and asymmetry factor (g) for the different radiative bands at at some wavelengths used in the MODIS sensor are provided in the 1MODE_xxum_dust_optical_data_1.5dielectric_mixture.</p>
High-frequency water temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, wind speed, and photosynthetically active radiation data for 18 globally-distributed lakes 2008 - 2013
Abstract: This dataset was used in the analysis described in the manuscript by Rusak, J. A.J. Tanentzap, J.L. Klug, K. Rose, L.A. Winslow R. Smyth, E. Jennings, D. Pierson, S. Hendricks, A. Laas, E. Ryder, D. White, R. Adrian, L. Arvola, E. de Eyto, H. Feuchtmayr, M. Honti, V. Istanovics, I. Jones, C. McBride, S. Schmidt, G. Zhu. Wind and trophic status explain the temporal and spatial variability of chlorophyll in lakes. In review: Limnology and Oceanography Letters. The variation in chlorophyll fluorescence from 18 globally distributed lakes, was tested at monthly, daily and hourly scales in related to high-frequency measurements of wind, water temperature and radiation within lakes as well as lake productivity and morphometry among lakes. Overall, monthly variation in algal biomass was greater than that expressed at either daily or hourly scales but, combined, these latter time scales were equivalent to seasonal variation. Among lakes, algal biomass variation increased with trophic status while, within-lake variation increased with increasing wind speed variation. Together, our results suggest that predicted changes associated with a changing climate, as well as widespread ongoing cultural eutrophication, have the potential to substantially alter the variability of algal biomass and thus the predictability of the services it provides. This dataset includes the data used in the analysis described above.
The data used for "Exploring how differences in dust particle size distribution and complex refractive indices affect dust direct radiative fluxes using the CAS-FGOALS-SPRINTARS global climate model"
<p>These data are used for " Exploring how differences in dust particle size distribution (PSD) and complex refractive indices (CRI) affect direct radiative effect (DRE) using the CAS-FGOALS-SPRINTARS global climate model ". </p> <p>(1) AS83+OPAC: The control experiment, dust PSD is the original AS83, and the generic CRI is from OPAC. </p> <p>(2) BFT22+OPAC: Same as the control experiment, but the PSD is updated to use BFT22.</p> <p>(3) BFT22+DB: Same as the experiment BFT22+OPAC, but the generic OPAC CRI is replaced by nine regionally dependent DB CRIs.</p> <p>(4) BFT22+DB strong abs: Same as the experiment BFT22+DB, but the generic CRI consists of 10% percentile real and 90% percentile imaginary parts and no regional dependencies.</p> <p>(5) BFT22+DB weak abs: Same as the experiment BFT22+DB, but the generic CRI consists of 90% percentile real and 10% percentile imaginary parts and no regional dependencies.</p> <p>All experiments mentioned above are run for 5 years (2010-2014). The annual average simulation results are stored here.</p> <p><strong>Note:</strong> AS83 represents the dust PSD scheme from d'Almeida and Schütz. (1983). BFT22 represents the new dust PSD developed by Meng et al. (2022) based on the improved brittle fragmentation theory. OPAC: the Optical Properties for Aerosols and Clouds dataset, DB: the CRIs from Di Biagio et al. (2017, 2019).</p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>d'Almeida, G. A., & Schütz, L. (1983). Number, Mass and Volume Distributions of Mineral Aerosol and Soils of the Sahara. <em>Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology</em>,<em> 22</em>(2), 233-243. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1983)022<0233:NMAVDO>2.0.CO;2</p> <p>Di Biagio, C., Formenti, P., Balkanski, Y., Caponi, L., Cazaunau, M., Pangui, E., et al. (2019). Complex refractive indices and single-scattering albedo of global dust aerosols in the shortwave spectrum and relationship to size and iron content. <em>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</em>,<em> 19</em>(24), 15503-15531. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15503-2019</p> <p>Di Biagio, C., Formenti, P., Balkanski, Y., Caponi, L., Cazaunau, M., Pangui, E., et al. (2017). Global scale variability of the mineral dust long-wave refractive index: a new dataset of in situ measurements for climate modeling and remote sensing. <em>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics</em>,<em> 17</em>(3), 1901-1929. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-1901-2017</p> <p>Meng, J., Huang, Y., Leung, D. M., Li, L., Adebiyi, A. A., Ryder, C. L., et al. (2022). Improved Parameterization for the Size Distribution of Emitted Dust Aerosols Reduces Model Underestimation of Super Coarse Dust. Geophysical Research Letters, 49(8), e2021GL097287, https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097287</p>
Data for the publication "Radiative effects of precipitation on the global energy budget and Arctic amplification"
<p>This dataset includes a set of 15yr simulations using the MIROC6 global aerosol-climate model with 1) diagnostic precipitation, 2) prognostic precipitation without radiative effect of precipitation, and 3) prognostic precipitation with radiative effect of precipitation.</p> <p>The data are used in the manuscript entitled "Radiative effects of precipitation on the global energy budget and Arctic amplification".</p>
Input and Output simulation data of the THOR GCM for the paper Dynamical and radiative effects resulting from the deep non-hydrostatic vs deep quasi-hydrostatic equations in the global circulation model THOR with an added non-grey radiative transfer scheme
<p>The input and ouput simulation data of the THOR GCM for Dynamical and radiative effects resulting from the deep non-hydrostatic vs deep quasi-hydrostatic equations in the global circulation model THOR with an added non-grey radiative transfer scheme</p> <p>Global circulation models (GCMs) play an important role in contemporary investigations of exoplanet atmospheres. Different GCMs evolve various sets of dynamical equations which can result in obtaining different atmospheric properties between models. In this study, we investigate the effect of different dynamical equation sets on the atmospheres of hot Jupiter exoplanets. We compare GCM simulations using the quasi-primitive dynamical equations (QHD) and the deep Navier-Stokes equations (NHD) in the GCM THOR. We utilise a two-stream non-grey "picket-fence" scheme to increase the realism of the radiative transfer scheme. We perform GCM simulations covering a wide parameter range grid of system parameters in the population of exoplanets. Our results show significant differences between simulations with the NHD and QHD equation sets at lower gravity, higher rotation rates or at higher irradiation temperatures. The parameter exploration shows the relevance of choosing dynamical equation sets dependent on system and planetary properties.Climate states of hot Jupiters seemed to be more diverse than previously thought. There are exceptions to prograde superrotation. Overall, our study shows the evolution of different climate states which arise just due to different selection of Navier-Stokes equations and approximations. We show the shortcomings of approximations in GCMs made for Earth, but used for non Earth-like planets.</p>
GF4ACE -- Data from: Reanalysis-based global radiative response to sea surface temperature patterns: Evaluating the Ai2 climate emulator
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
The role of evolutionary time, diversification rates and dispersal in determining the global diversity of a large radiation of passerine birds
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Aim</b>: Variation in species diversity among different geographic areas may result from differences in speciation and extinction rates, immigration and time for diversification. An area with high species diversity may be the result of a high net diversification rate, multiple immigration events from adjacent regions,anda long time available for the accumulation of species (know as the "time-for-speciation effect"). Here, we examine the relative importance of the three aforementionedprocesses in shaping the geographic diversity patterns of a large radiation of passerine birds.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Location</b>: Global</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Time period</b>: Early Miocene to present</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Major taxa studied</b>: Babblers (Aves: Passeriformes)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Methods</b>: Using a comprehensive phylogeny of extant species (~90% sampled) and distributions of the world's babblers, we reconstructed their biogeographic history and analysed the diversification dynamics. We examined how species richness correlates with the timing of regional colonization, the number of immigration events and the rate of speciation within all 13 geographic distribution regions.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Results</b>: We found thatbabblers likely originated in the Sino-Himalayan Mountains (SHM) in the early Miocene, suggesting a long time for diversification and species accumulation within the SHM. Regression analyses showed the regional diversity of babblers can be well explained by the timing of the first colonization within of these areas, while differences in rates of speciation or immigration have far weaker effects. Nonetheless, the rapid speciation of <i>Zosterops</i>during the Pleistocene has accounted for the increased diversification and accumulation of species in the oceanic islands.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Main conclusions</b>: Our results suggest that the global diversity patterns of babblers have predominantly been shaped by the time-for-speciation effect. Our findings also support an origin centred in tropical and subtropical parts of the SHM, with a cradle of recent diversification in the oceanic islands of the Indo-Pacific region, which provides new insights into the generation of global biodiversity hotspots.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data used in JAMES paper "Sensitivity of the Horizontal Scale of Convective Self‐Aggregation to Sea Surface Temperature in Radiative Convective Equilibrium Experiments Using a Global Nonhydrostatic Model"
<p>Data used in JAMES paper "Sensitivity of the Horizontal Scale of Convective Self‐Aggregation to Sea Surface Temperature in Radiative Convective Equilibrium Experiments Using a Global Nonhydrostatic Model" by Shuhei Matsugishi and Masaki Satoh doi: 10.1029/2021MS002636</p>
A global land surface 250-m 8-day Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) product (2022-part1)
<p>The Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) is a critical land surface variable for carbon cycle modeling and ecological monitoring. We generated the latest version (V6) of the FAPAR product at a 250-m resolution, which is also aggregated to multiple coarser resolutions (up to 0.25° and monthly), from MODIS surface reflectance data and other information, as part of the Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) products suite. Three existing global FAPAR products (MODIS Collection 6, GLASS V5, and PROBA-V V1) were used to generate the time-series training samples for developing the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) model. Direct validation using high-resolution FAPAR maps from VALERI and ImagineS networks revealed that the GLASS V6 FAPAR product achieves higher accuracy than PROBA-V, MODIS, and GLASS V5, with R<sup>2</sup> of 0.80 and RMSE of 0.10-0.11 at the 250-m, 500-m, and 3-km scales, and a higher percentage (72%) of retrievals in meeting accuracy requirement of 0.1. Global spatial evaluation and temporal comparison at the Ameriflux and NEON sites indicated that the GLASS V6 FAPAR is more spatio-temporal continuous and better reflects the variations of vegetation than the GLASS V5 FAPAR. </p> <p>The temporal span of GLASS V6 FAPAR product is from 2000 to 2020 and the temporal frequency is 8-day. The 250-m and 500-m data are in the Sinusoidal projection, while the 0.05°, 0.1° and 0.25° data are in geographic latitude/longitude. Data files are provided in HDF−EOS format.</p>
A global land surface 250-m 8-day Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) product (2022-part2)
<p>The Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) is a critical land surface variable for carbon cycle modeling and ecological monitoring. We generated the latest version (V6) of the FAPAR product at a 250-m resolution, which is also aggregated to multiple coarser resolutions (up to 0.25° and monthly), from MODIS surface reflectance data and other information, as part of the Global Land Surface Satellite (GLASS) products suite. Three existing global FAPAR products (MODIS Collection 6, GLASS V5, and PROBA-V V1) were used to generate the time-series training samples for developing the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) model. Direct validation using high-resolution FAPAR maps from VALERI and ImagineS networks revealed that the GLASS V6 FAPAR product achieves higher accuracy than PROBA-V, MODIS, and GLASS V5, with R<sup>2</sup> of 0.80 and RMSE of 0.10-0.11 at the 250-m, 500-m, and 3-km scales, and a higher percentage (72%) of retrievals in meeting accuracy requirement of 0.1. Global spatial evaluation and temporal comparison at the Ameriflux and NEON sites indicated that the GLASS V6 FAPAR is more spatio-temporal continuous and better reflects the variations of vegetation than the GLASS V5 FAPAR. </p> <p>The temporal span of GLASS V6 FAPAR product is from 2000 to 2020 and the temporal frequency is 8-day. The 250-m and 500-m data are in the Sinusoidal projection, while the 0.05°, 0.1° and 0.25° data are in geographic latitude/longitude. Data files are provided in HDF−EOS format.</p>
Data from: Repeatability of adaptive radiation depends on spatial scale: regional versus global replicates of stickleback in lake versus stream habitats
The repeatability of adaptive radiation is expected to be scale dependent, with determinism decreasing as greater spatial separation among "replicates" leads to their increased genetic and ecological independence. Threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) provide an opportunity to test whether this expectation holds for the early stages of adaptive radiation -their diversification in freshwater ecosystems has been replicated many times. To better understand the repeatability of that adaptive radiation, we examined the influence of geographic scale on levels of parallel evolution by quantifying phenotypic and genetic divergence between lake and stream stickleback pairs sampled at regional (Vancouver Island) and global (North America and Europe) scales. We measured phenotypes known to show lake-stream divergence and used reduced representation genome-wide sequencing to estimate genetic divergence. We assessed the scale-dependence of parallel evolution by comparing effect sizes from multivariate models and also the direction and magnitude of lake-stream divergence vectors. At the phenotypic level, parallelism was greater at the regional than the global scale. At the genetic level, putative selected loci showed greater lake-stream parallelism at the regional than the global scale. Generally, the level of parallel evolution was low at both scales, except for some key univariate traits. Divergence vectors were often orthogonal, highlighting possible ecological and genetic constraints on parallel evolution at both scales. Overall, our results confirm that the repeatability of adaptive radiation decreases at increasing spatial scales. We suggest that greater environmental heterogeneity at larger scales imposes different selection regimes, thus generating lower repeatability of adaptive radiation at larger spatial scales.
Wallacean and Melanesian islands promote higher rates of diversification within the global passerine radiation Corvides: Supplementary information
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>The complex island archipelagoes of Wallacea and Melanesia have provided empirical data behind integral theories in evolutionary biology, including allopatric speciation and island biogeography. Yet, questions regarding the relative impact of the layered biogeographic barriers, such as deep-water trenches and isolated island systems, on faunal diversification remain underexplored. One such barrier is Wallace's Line, a significant biogeographic boundary that largely separates Australian and Asian biodiversity. To assess the relative roles of biogeographic barriers—specifically isolated island systems and Wallace's Line—we investigated the tempo and mode of diversification in a diverse avian radiation, Corvides (Crows and Jays, Birds-of-paradise, Vangas, and allies). We combined a genus-level dataset of thousands of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and a species-level, 12-gene Sanger sequence matrix to produce a well-resolved supermatrix tree that we leveraged to explore the group's historical biogeography and effects of biogeographic barriers on their macroevolutionary dynamics. The tree is well-resolved and differs substantially from what has been used extensively for past comparative analyses within this group. We confirmed that Corvides, and its major constituent clades, arose in Australia and a burst of dispersal west across Wallace's Line occurred after the uplift of Wallacea during the mid-Miocene. We found that dispersal across this biogeographic barrier were generally rare, though westward dispersals were two times more frequent than eastward dispersals. Wallacea's central position between Sundaland and Sahul no doubt acted as a bridge for island-hopping dispersal out of Australia, across Wallace's Line, to colonize the rest of Earth. In addition, we found that the complex island archipelagos east of Wallace's Line harbor the highest rates of net diversification and are a substantial source of colonists to continental systems on both sides of this biogeographic barrier. Our results support emerging evidence that island systems, particularly the geologically complex archipelagoes of the Indo-pacific, are drivers of species diversification.<br></span></p>
MUSES Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) 8-Day Global 500m SIN Grid in 2019
<p>The MUltiscale Satellite remotE Sensing (MUSES) product suite includes products with different spatial and temporal resolutions for parameters such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Near-Infrared Reflectance of Vegetation (NIRv), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR), Fractional Vegetation Coverage (FVC), Gross Primary Production (GPP), Net Primary Production (NPP). For more information about the MUSES products, please refer to this website (<a href="https://muses.bnu.edu.cn/">https://muses.bnu.edu.cn/</a>).</p> <p>This dataset is the MUSES global FAPAR product at 500m spatial resolution and 8-day temporal resolution. The MUSES FAPAR product is provided on a Sinusoidal grid and spans from 2000 to 2019 (continuously updated). It was generated from the MUSES LAI product at 500m resolution and other ancillary information using the complement to unity of the transmittance of PAR through the entire canopy (Xiao <em>et al</em>., 2015). The MUSES FAPAR values are the instantaneous values at 10:30 am local time, close approximation of daily average PAPAR values, and they are physically consistent with the corresponding MUSES LAI values. The MUSES FAPAR product is spatially complete and temporally continuous.</p> <p>This dataset is the MUSES FAPAR product in 2019. <em>Please <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7793505#.ZCt_1XZBypo"><strong>click here</strong></a> to download the MUSES FAPAR </em><em>product <strong>in 2018</strong></em>, and <em><strong>click here</strong> to download the MUSES FAPAR </em><em>product <strong>in 2020</strong></em>.</p> <p><strong>Dataset Characteristics:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Spatial Coverage: Global</li> <li>Temporal Coverage: 2019</li> <li>Spatial Resolution: 500m</li> <li>Temporal Resolution: 8 days</li> <li>Projection: Sinusoidal</li> <li>Data Format: HDF</li> <li>Scale: 0.004</li> <li>Valid Range: 0 – 250</li> </ul> <p><strong>Citation </strong>(Please cite this paper whenever these data are used)<strong>:</strong></p> <ol> <li>Xiao Zhiqiang, <em>et al</em>., Estimating the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation from the MODIS databased GLASS leaf area index product. <em>Remote Sensing of Environment</em>, 171,105-117, 2015.</li> <li>Xiao Zhiqiang, <em>et al</em>., Evaluation of Three Long Time Series for Global Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) Products. <em>IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing</em>, 56, 5509-5524, 2018.</li> <li>Zheng Y., Xiao Z., Li J., Yang H., Song J., Evaluation of Global Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) Products at 500 m Spatial Resolution. <em>Remote Sensing</em>, 14, 3304, 2022.</li> </ol> <p>If you have any questions, please contact Prof. Zhiqiang Xiao (zhqxiao@bnu.edu.cn).</p>
MUSES Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) 8-Day Global 500m SIN Grid in 2017
<p>The MUltiscale Satellite remotE Sensing (MUSES) product suite includes products with different spatial and temporal resolutions for parameters such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Near-Infrared Reflectance of Vegetation (NIRv), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR), Fractional Vegetation Coverage (FVC), Gross Primary Production (GPP), Net Primary Production (NPP). For more information about the MUSES products, please refer to this website (<a href="https://muses.bnu.edu.cn/">https://muses.bnu.edu.cn/</a>).</p> <p>This dataset is the MUSES global FAPAR product at 500m spatial resolution and 8-day temporal resolution. The MUSES FAPAR product is provided on a Sinusoidal grid and spans from 2000 to 2019 (continuously updated). It was generated from the MUSES LAI product at 500m resolution and other ancillary information using the complement to unity of the transmittance of PAR through the entire canopy (Xiao <em>et al</em>., 2015). The MUSES FAPAR values are the instantaneous values at 10:30 am local time, close approximation of daily average PAPAR values, and they are physically consistent with the corresponding MUSES LAI values. The MUSES FAPAR product is spatially complete and temporally continuous.</p> <p>This dataset is the MUSES FAPAR product in 2017. <em>Please <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7798475#.ZC0eo3ZBypo"><strong>click here</strong></a> to download the MUSES FAPAR product <strong>in 2016</strong></em><strong>, </strong>and <em><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7793505#.ZCuBFntBw2x"><strong>click here</strong></a> to download the MUSES FAPAR product <strong>in 2018</strong></em>.</p> <p><strong>Dataset Characteristics:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Spatial Coverage: Global</li> <li>Temporal Coverage: 2017</li> <li>Spatial Resolution: 500m</li> <li>Temporal Resolution: 8 days</li> <li>Projection: Sinusoidal</li> <li>Data Format: HDF</li> <li>Scale: 0.004</li> <li>Valid Range: 0 – 250</li> </ul> <p><strong>Citation </strong>(Please cite this paper whenever these data are used)<strong>:</strong></p> <ol> <li>Xiao Zhiqiang, <em>et al</em>., Estimating the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation from the MODIS databased GLASS leaf area index product. <em>Remote Sensing of Environment</em>, 171,105-117, 2015.</li> <li>Xiao Zhiqiang, <em>et al</em>., Evaluation of Three Long Time Series for Global Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) Products. <em>IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing</em>, 56, 5509-5524, 2018.</li> <li>Zheng Y., Xiao Z., Li J., Yang H., Song J., Evaluation of Global Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) Products at 500 m Spatial Resolution. <em>Remote Sensing</em>, 14, 3304, 2022.</li> </ol> <p>If you have any questions, please contact Prof. Zhiqiang Xiao (zhqxiao@bnu.edu.cn).</p>
MUSES Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) 8-Day Global 500m SIN Grid in 2018
<p>The MUltiscale Satellite remotE Sensing (MUSES) product suite includes products with different spatial and temporal resolutions for parameters such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Near-Infrared Reflectance of Vegetation (NIRv), Leaf Area Index (LAI), Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR), Fractional Vegetation Coverage (FVC), Gross Primary Production (GPP), Net Primary Production (NPP). For more information about the MUSES products, please refer to this website (<a href="https://muses.bnu.edu.cn/">https://muses.bnu.edu.cn/</a>).</p> <p>This dataset is the MUSES global FAPAR product at 500m spatial resolution and 8-day temporal resolution. The MUSES FAPAR product is provided on a Sinusoidal grid and spans from 2000 to 2019 (continuously updated). It was generated from the MUSES LAI product at 500m resolution and other ancillary information using the complement to unity of the transmittance of PAR through the entire canopy (Xiao <em>et al</em>., 2015). The MUSES FAPAR values are the instantaneous values at 10:30 am local time, close approximation of daily average PAPAR values, and they are physically consistent with the corresponding MUSES LAI values. The MUSES FAPAR product is spatially complete and temporally continuous.</p> <p>This dataset is the MUSES FAPAR product in 2018. <em>Please <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7796631#.ZCwOB3ZBypo"><strong>click here</strong></a> to download the MUSES FAPAR product <strong>in 2017</strong></em><strong>, </strong>and <em><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7755485#.ZCt_hntBw2x"><strong>click here</strong></a> to download the MUSES FAPAR product <strong>in 2019</strong></em>.</p> <p><strong>Dataset Characteristics:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Spatial Coverage: Global</li> <li>Temporal Coverage: 2018</li> <li>Spatial Resolution: 500m</li> <li>Temporal Resolution: 8 days</li> <li>Projection: Sinusoidal</li> <li>Data Format: HDF</li> <li>Scale: 0.004</li> <li>Valid Range: 0 – 250</li> </ul> <p><strong>Citation </strong>(Please cite this paper whenever these data are used)<strong>:</strong></p> <ol> <li>Xiao Zhiqiang, <em>et al</em>., Estimating the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation from the MODIS databased GLASS leaf area index product. <em>Remote Sensing of Environment</em>, 171,105-117, 2015.</li> <li>Xiao Zhiqiang, <em>et al</em>., Evaluation of Three Long Time Series for Global Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) Products. <em>IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing</em>, 56, 5509-5524, 2018.</li> <li>Zheng Y., Xiao Z., Li J., Yang H., Song J., Evaluation of Global Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR) Products at 500 m Spatial Resolution. <em>Remote Sensing</em>, 14, 3304, 2022.</li> </ol> <p>If you have any questions, please contact Prof. Zhiqiang Xiao (zhqxiao@bnu.edu.cn).</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.