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114 results for “granule cell”
Sparsification of AP firing in adult-born hippocampal granule cells via voltage-dependent alpha5-GABAA receptors
<p>The ZIP file consists of folders, containing RAW data used for analysis and used to prepare the Figures 1-6 of the paper published in Cell Reports 2021, with the title mentioned above.</p> <p>All recordings were made from acute hippocampal brain slices, obtained from adult C57BL6 mice. Whole-cell voltage-clamp and current-clamp recordings of mature and adult-born young hippocampal granule cells were performed as outlined in methods and recordings were digitized using a power1401 interface from CED (Cambridge Electronic Design, UK), and saved to file using the CFS library support from CED. The contents of the different files is described in File_Description.pdf.</p>
Capacitance clamp demonstration in rat dentate gyrus granule cells
<p>Dataset for a demonstration of the capacitance clamp, a variant of the dynamic clamp technique, which allows to virtually modify the capacitance of a biological neuron (or any electrically excitable cell).</p> <p>Code for analysis and further explanations will be made available. </p>
Data from: A cerebellar granule cell–climbing fiber computation to learn to track long time intervals
<p>In classical cerebellar learning, Purkinje cells (PkCs) associate climbing fiber (CF) error signals with predictive granule cells (GrCs) active just prior (~150ms). Cerebellum also contributes to behaviors characterized by longer timescales. To investigate how GrC-CF-PkC circuits might learn seconds-long predictions, we imaged simultaneous GrC-CF activity over days of forelimb operant conditioning for delayed water reward. As mice learned reward timing, numerous GrCs developed anticipatory activity ramping at different rates until reward delivery, followed by widespread time-locked CF spiking. Relearning longer delays further lengthened GrC activations. We computed CF-dependent GrC→PkC plasticity rules, demonstrating that reward-evoked CF spikes sufficed to grade many GrC synapses by anticipatory timing. We predicted and confirmed that PkCs could thereby continuously ramp across seconds-long intervals from movement to reward. Learning thus leads to new GrC temporal bases linking predictors to remote CF reward signals—a strategy well-suited to learn to track long intervals common in cognitive domains.</p>
Complex excitability and ``flipping" of granule cells: an experimental and computational study
<p>Electrophysiology dataset for Complex excitability and ``flipping" of granule cells: an experimental and computational study.</p> <p>In response to prolonged depolarizing current steps, different classes of neurons display specific firing characteristics (i.e., excitability class), such as a regular train of action potentials with more or less adaptation, delayed responses, or bursting. In general, one or more specific ionic transmembrane currents underlie the different firing patterns. Here, we sought to investigate the influence of artificial sodium-like (Na channels) and slow potassium-like (KM channels) voltage-gated channels conductances on firing patterns and transition to depolarization block (DB) in Dentate Gyrus granule cells with dynamic clamp - a computer-controlled real-time closed-loop electrophysiological technique, which allows to couple mathematical models simulated in a computer with biological cells. Our findings indicate that the mimicked extra Na/KM channels significantly affect the firing rate of low frequency cells, but not in high-frequency cells. Moreover, we have observed that 44 percent of recorded cells exhibited what we have called a ``flipping'' behavior. This means that these cells were able to overcome the DB and generate trains of action potentials at higher current injection steps. We have developed a mathematical model of ``flipping" cells to explain this phenomenon. Based on our computational model, we conclude that the appearance of ``flipping" is linked to the number of states for the sodium channel of the model.</p>
Data from: A cerebellar granule cell–climbing fiber computation to learn to track long time intervals
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Adult-born granule cells improve stimulus encoding and discrimination in the dentate gyrus
<p>Heterogeneity plays an important role in diversifying neural responses to support brain function. Adult neurogenesis provides the dentate gyrus with a heterogeneous population of granule cells (GCs) that were born and developed their properties at different times. Immature GCs have distinct intrinsic and synaptic properties than mature GCs and are needed for correct encoding and discrimination in spatial tasks. How immature GCs enhance the encoding of information to support these functions is not well understood. Here, we record the responses to fluctuating current injections of GCs of different ages to study how they encode stimuli. Immature GCs produce unreliable responses compared to mature GCs, exhibiting imprecise spike timings across repeated stimulation. We use a statistical model to describe the stimulus-response transformation performed by GCs of different ages. We fit this model to the data and obtain parameters that capture GCs encoding properties. Parameter values from this fit reflect the maturational differences of the population and indicate that immature GCs perform a differential encoding of stimuli. To study how this age heterogeneity influences encoding by a population, we perform stimulus decoding using populations that contain GCs of different ages. We find that, despite their individual unreliability, immature GCs enhance the fidelity of the signal encoded by the population and improve the discrimination of similar time dependent stimuli. Thus, the observed heterogeneity confers the population with enhanced encoding capabilities.</p>
Data from: Caenorhabditis elegans germ granules accumulate hundreds of low translation mRNAs with no systematic preference for germ cell fate regulators
<p>In animals with germ plasm, embryonic germline precursors inherit germ granules, condensates proposed to regulate mRNAs coding for germ cell fate determinants. In <em>C. elegans</em>, mRNAs are recruited to germ granules by MEG-3, a sequence non-specific RNA-binding protein that forms stabilizing interfacial clusters on germ granules. Using fluorescent <em>in situ </em>hybridization, we confirmed that 441 MEG-3-bound transcripts distribute in a pattern consistent with enrichment in germ granules. 13 are related to transcripts reported in germ granules in <em>Drosophila</em> or <em>Nasonia</em>. The majority, however, are low-translation maternal transcripts required for embryogenesis that are not maintained preferentially in the nascent germline. Granule enrichment raises the concentration of certain transcripts in germ plasm but is not essential to regulate mRNA translation or stability. Our findings suggest that only a minority of germ granule-associated transcripts contribute to germ cell fate in <em>C. elegans</em> and that the vast majority function as non-specific scaffolds for MEG-3.</p>
Data from: Caenorhabditis elegans germ granules accumulate hundreds of low translation mRNAs with no systematic preference for germ cell fate regulators
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Adult-born granule cells improve stimulus encoding and discrimination in the dentate gyrus
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Adult-born granule cells modulate CA2 network activity during retrieval of developmental memories of the mother
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Abundant γ-amino butyric acidergic synaptic boutons per granule cell in sclerotic hippocampi of sea lions with temporal lobe epilepsy
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Associative plasticity of granule cell inputs to cerebellar Purkinje cells
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Source data for: Presynaptic NMDARs cooperate with local spikes toward GABA release from the reciprocal olfactory bulb granule cell spine
<p><span>In the rodent olfactory bulb the smooth dendrites of the principal glutamatergic mitral cells (MCs) form reciprocal dendrodendritic synapses with large spines on GABAergic granule cells (GC), where unitary release of glutamate can trigger postsynaptic local activation of voltage-gated Na<sup>+</sup>-channels (Na<sub>v</sub>s), i.e. a spine spike. Can such single MC input evoke reciprocal release? We find that unitary-like activation via two-photon uncaging of glutamate causes GC spines to release GABA both synchronously and asynchronously onto MC dendrites. This release indeed requires activation of Na<sub>v</sub>s and high-voltage-activated Ca<sup>2+</sup>-channels (HVACCs), but also of NMDA receptors (NMDAR). Simulations show temporally overlapping HVACC- and NMDAR-mediated Ca<sup>2+</sup>-currents during the spine spike, and ultrastructural data prove NMDAR presence within the GABAergic presynapse. The cooperative action of presynaptic NMDARs allows to implement synapse-specific, activity-dependent lateral inhibition and thus could provide an efficient solution to combinatorial percept synthesis in a sensory system with many receptor channels. </span></p>
Purkinje cell responses during diverse Granule cell plasticity scenarios
<p>Purkinje cell responses during diverse Granule cell plasticity scenarios</p>
Figure 5. Vesicles with silica-like granules within sponge cells. A in Recycling resources: silica of diatom frustules as a source for spicule building in Antarctic siliceous demosponges
Figure 5. Vesicles with silica-like granules within sponge cells. A, an amoeboid sponge cell (spc) in P. areolatus showing a cytoplasm packed with vesicles and an ingested diatom (di) within a large digestive vesicle. Note that three different granule types were identified by microanalysis in the section of this species: silica granules (si), and lead granules (Pb). B–C, highly vesiculated, amoeboid sponge cell in He. pilosus. Note the silica-like granules (si) first present within vesicles and later incorporated within the cytoplasm. D, amoeboid sponge cell in P. areolatus showing an ingested diatom (di) and silica-like granules (si).
All-trans retinoic acid induces synaptopodin-dependent metaplasticity in mouse dentate granule cells
<p>Previously we showed that the vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) induces synaptic plasticity in acute brain slices prepared from the mouse and human neocortex (Lenz et al., 2021). Depending on the brain region studied, distinct effects of atRA on excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission have been reported. Here, we used intraperitoneal injections of atRA (10 mg/kg) in adult C57BL/6J mice to study the effects of atRA on excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the mouse fascia dentate – a brain region implicated in memory acquisition. <span><span>No major changes in synaptic transmission were observed in the ventral hippocampus while a significant increase in both sEPSC frequencies and synapse numbers were evident in the dorsal hippocampus 6 hours after atRA administration.</span></span> The intrinsic properties of hippocampal dentate granule cells were not significantly different and hippocampal transcriptome analysis revealed no essential neuronal changes upon atRA treatment. In light of these findings, we tested for the metaplastic effects of atRA, i.e., for its ability to modulate synaptic plasticity expression in the absence of major changes in baseline synaptic strength. Indeed, in vivo long-term potentiation (LTP) experiments demonstrated that systemic atRA treatment improves the ability of dentate granule cells to express LTP. The plasticity-promoting effects of atRA were not observed in synaptopodin-deficient mice, therefore, extending our previous results regarding the relevance of synaptopodin in atRA-mediated synaptic strengthening in the mouse prefrontal cortex. Taken together, our data show that atRA mediates synaptopodin-dependent metaplasticity in mouse dentate granule cells.</p>
All-trans retinoic acid induces synaptopodin-dependent metaplasticity in mouse dentate granule cells
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Source data for: Presynaptic NMDARs cooperate with local spikes toward GABA release from the reciprocal olfactory bulb granule cell spine
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Granule cell
Drawing uploaded to scidraw.io on: 21 May 2020
Dendritic integration in olfactory bulb granule cells upon simultaneous multi-spine activation: Low thresholds for non-local spiking activity
<p class="CxSpFirst">The inhibitory axonless olfactory bulb granule cells form reciprocal dendrodendritic synapses with mitral and tufted cells via large spines, mediating recurrent and lateral inhibition. As a case in point for dendritic transmitter release, rat granule cell dendrites are highly excitable, featuring local Na<sup>+</sup> spine spikes and global Ca<sup>2+</sup>- and Na<sup>+</sup>-spikes. To investigate the transition from local to global signaling we performed holographic, simultaneous two-photon uncaging of glutamate at up to twelve granule cell spines, along with whole-cell recording and dendritic two-photon Ca<sup>2+</sup> imaging in acute juvenile rat brain slices. Coactivation of less than ten reciprocal spines was sufficient to generate diverse regenerative signals that included regional dendritic Ca<sup>2+</sup>-spikes and dendritic Na<sup>+</sup>-spikes (D-spikes). Global Na<sup>+</sup>-spikes could be triggered in one third of granule cells. Individual spines and dendritic segments sensed the respective signal transitions as increments in Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry. Dendritic integration as monitored by the somatic membrane potential was mostly linear until a threshold number of spines was activated, where often D-spikes along with supralinear summation set in. As to the mechanisms supporting active integration, NMDA receptors strongly contributed to all aspects of supralinearity, followed by dendritic voltage-gated Na<sup>+</sup>- and Ca<sup>2+</sup>-channels, whereas local Na<sup>+</sup> spine spikes as well as morphological parameters barely mattered.</p> <p>Because of the low numbers of coactive spines required to trigger dendritic Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals and thus possibly lateral release of GABA onto mitral and tufted cells, we predict that thresholds for granule cell-mediated bulbar lateral inhibition are low. Moreover, D-spikes could provide a plausible substrate for granule cell-mediated gamma oscillations.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.