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71 results for “grassland management”
data for Hogan et al. 2023: "Functional consequences of animal community changes in managed grasslands: An application of the CAFE approach"
<p>Data to accompany the following publication:</p> <div> <div> <div> <div>Hogan, K. F. E., Jones, H. P., Savage, K., Burke, A. M., Guiden, P. W., Hosler, S. C., Rowland‐Schaefer, E., & Barber, N. A. (2023). Functional consequences of animal community changes in managed grasslands: An application of the CAFE approach. <em>Ecology</em>, e4192. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4192">https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4192</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Please see README for description of data. </p> <p>Paper abstract: In the midst of an ongoing biodiversity crisis, much research has focused on species losses and their impacts on ecosystem functioning. The functional consequences (ecosystem response) of shifts in communities are shaped not only by changes in species richness, but also by compositional shifts that result from species losses and gains. Species differ in their contribution to ecosystem functioning, so species identity underlies the consequences of species losses and gains on ecosystem functions. Such research is critical to better predict the impact of disturbances on communities and ecosystems. We used the ‘Community Assembly and the Functioning of Ecosystems’ (CAFE) approach, a modification of the Price equation to understand the functional consequences and relative effects of richness and composition changes in small non-volant mammal and dung beetle communities as a result of two common disturbances in North American prairie restorations – prescribed fire and reintroduction of large grazing mammals. Previous research in this system shows dung beetles are critically important decomposers, while small mammals modulate much energy in prairie food webs. We found that dung beetle communities were more responsive to bison reintroduction and prescribed fires than small non-volant mammals. Dung beetle richness increased after bison reintroduction, with higher dung beetle community biomass resulting from changes in remaining species (context-dependent component) rather than species turnover (richness components); prescribed fire caused a minor increase in dung beetle biomass for the same reason. For small mammals, bison reintroduction reduced energy transfer through the loss of species, while prescribed fire had little impact on either small mammal richness or energy transfer. The CAFE approach demonstrates how bison reintroduction controls small non-volant mammal communities by increasing prairie food web complexity, and increases dung beetle populations with possible benefits for soil health through dung mineralization and soil bioturbation. Prescribed fires, however, have little effect on small mammals and dung beetles, suggesting a resilience to fire. These findings illustrate the key role of re-establishing historical disturbance regimes when restoring endangered prairie ecosystems and their ecological function.</p>
SMR01 Konza Prairie grassland soil microbial responses to long-term management of N availability
Anthropogenic actions have significantly increased biological nitrogen (N) availability on a global scale. In tallgrass prairies, this phenomenon is exacerbated by land management changes, such as fire suppression. Historically, tallgrass prairie fire removed N through volatilization, but fire suppression has contributed to increased soil N availability as well as woody encroachment. Because soil microbes respond to N availability and plant growth, these changes may alter microbial composition and important microbially-mediated functions. Grassland management affects the soil environment on multiple time scales including short (fertilization or fire event), seasonal (growing vs. non-growing season), and long-term (decadal plant turnover and nutrient accumulation), therefore my goal was to understand community variability at different time scales affecting the population and community dynamics of soil microbes. I predicted soil microbes would be sensitive to environmental changes at all time scales, seasonal variation would reflect increased plant rhizodeposit-supported populations during summer and decomposers during winter, and long-term fire suppression and chronic fertilization would drive soil microbial community turnover associated with accumulation of plant litter and N. Soil microbial responses to short-term fire/fertilization events were minimal, while microbial population sizes fluctuate seasonally and synchronously, and microbial community composition varied more with management history than at shorter time scales. Bacterial populations increased 10x during growing-season plant rhizodeposition, while fungal populations were less dynamic, but decreased in fall, possibly reflecting a shift to subsistence on soil organic matter. In contrast, microbial community composition was seasonally stable, but distinct between long-term management treatments, which may indicate accumulation of niche-defining plant or soil properties over decades. Prokaryotic communities
Management and plant physiology data for grassland sites in Germany
<p>Management and vegetation data for sites Fendt (DE-Fen), Rottenbuch (DE-RbW) and Graswang (DE-Gwg) in Southern Germany, observed between 2012 and 2017. Weekly resolution vegetation traits are included for 2015.</p> <p>The sites are part of TERENO, a network of observatories in Germany. The time period includes the ScaleX intensive observation campaigns that took place in 2015 and 2016. The data format is NetCDF4. A Jupyter notebook is available (see Related identifiers, GitLab) with technical notes and examples. </p>
Data from "Grassland woody plant management rapidly changes woody vegetation persistence and abiotic habitat conditions but not herbaceous community composition"
These files contain microhabitat, soil, vegetation structure, and woody plant species data used in the paper "Grassland woody plant management rapidly changes woody vegetation persistence and abiotic habitat conditions but not herbaceous community composition". The project was conducted at seven publicly accessible remnant (i.e., unplowed or old-growth) tallgrass prairie within 100 miles of Madison, Wisconsin, United States starting in the 2020 growing season and commencing following the 2022 growing season. The goal was to assess the initial effects of different management interventions on woody vegetation persistence, abiotic habitat conditions, and herbaceous community composition, including physical and chemical management interventions and their combination.
Effects of different types of low-intensity management on plant-pollinator interactions in Estonian grasslands
<p>In the face of global pollinator decline, extensively-managed grasslands play an important role in supporting stable pollinator communities. However, different types of extensive management may promote particular plant species and thus particular functional traits. As the functional traits of flowering plant species (e.g. flower size and shape) in a habitat determine the identity and frequency of pollinator visitors, they can also influence the structures of plant-pollinator interaction networks. The aim of this study was to examine how the type of low-intensity traditional management influences plant and pollinator composition, the structure of plant-pollinator interactions, and their mediation by floral and insect functional traits. Specifically, we compared mown wooded meadows to grazed alvar pastures in western Estonia. We found that both management types fostered equal diversity of plants and pollinators, and overlapping, though still distinct, plant and pollinator compositions. Wooded meadows had significantly higher connectance and specialisation, while alvar pastures achieved higher Shannon diversity at a standardised sampling of interactions. Pollinators with small body sizes and short proboscis lengths were more specialised in their preference for particular plant species and the specialisation of individual pollinators was higher in alvar pastures than in wooded meadows. All in all, the two management types promoted diverse plant and pollinator communities, which enabled the development of equally even and nested pollination networks. The same generalist plants and pollinators were important for the pollination networks of both wooded meadows and alvar pastures; however, they were complemented by management-specific species, which accounted for differences in network structure. Therefore, the implementation of both management types in the same landscape helps to maintain high species and interaction diversity.</p>
Data from: Drought and recovery effects on belowground respiration dynamics and the partitioning of recent carbon in managed and abandoned grassland
<p>The supply of soil respiration with recent photoassimilates is an important and fast pathway for respiratory loss of carbon (C). To date it is unknown how drought and land-use change interactively influence the dynamics of recent C in soil respired CO<sub>2</sub>. In an <em>in situ </em>common-garden experiment, we exposed soil-vegetation monoliths from a managed and a nearby abandoned mountain grassland to an experimental drought. Based on two <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> pulse-labelling campaigns, we traced recently assimilated C in soil respiration during drought, rewetting and early recovery. Independent of grassland management, drought reduced the absolute allocation of recent C to soil respiration. Rewetting triggered a respiration pulse, which was strongly fueled by C assimilated during drought. In comparison to the managed grassland, the abandoned grassland partitioned more recent C to belowground respiration than to root C storage under ample water supply. Interestingly, this pattern was reversed under drought. We suggest that these different response patterns reflect strategies of the managed and the abandoned grassland to enhance their respective resilience to drought, by fostering their resistance and recovery, respectively. We conclude that while severe drought can override the effects of abandonment of grassland management on the respiratory dynamics of recent C, abandonment alters strategies of belowground assimilate investment, with consequences for soil-CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes during drought and drought-recovery.</p>
Land management controls on soil carbon fluxes in Asia's largest tropical grassland
<p>Data files for 'Land management controls on soil carbon fluxes in Asia’s largest tropical grassland', submitted to Ecological Indicators on 15 May 2024.</p>
Figure 4 in The effect of grassland management on diversity of spider assemblages in the Mátra mountain
Figure 4. Ordination diagram of a distribution of guilds (hunting strategy) in the habitats. Guild types: +-Shaft diggers, O-Orb weavers, □-Space web spiders, ●-Diurnal runnings, *-Nocturnal runnings, ■-Crab spiders,▲- Jumping spiders.
Figure 2 in The effect of grassland management on diversity of spider assemblages in the Mátra mountain
Figure 2. Correlation of (A) number of individuals and (B) species richness between control and mowed habitats
Figure 5 in The effect of grassland management on diversity of spider assemblages in the Mátra mountain
Figure 5. (A) Cluster analysis and (B) Non-metric MDS by Bray-Curtis similarity of spider assemblages between the different habitat types
Figure 3 in The effect of grassland management on diversity of spider assemblages in the Mátra mountain
Figure 3. The values of Shannon-Wiener diversity (H) and Simpson's index (1-D) in the different habitat types.
Fig. 1 in Land management and biodiversity maintenance: a case study in grasslands in the Coastal Plain of Rio Grande do Sul
Fig. 1. Principal Coordinates Analysis of four grassland with different historical use, described for 21 variables and 80 SU. ● = GSB, ○ = GRC, □ = GR1, ◊ = GR2, Aaff = Axonopus affinis, Ppum = Paspalum pumilum.
Effects of different types of low-intensity management on plant-pollinator interactions in Estonian grasslands
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Dataset for "Seasonal dynamics of the COS and CO2 exchange of a managed temperate grassland"
<p>Data of measurements and model output of the publication "Seasonal dynamics of the COS and CO<sub>2</sub> exchange of a managed temperate grassland". https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-27</p> <p>Data consists of micrometeorological data, COS and CO<sub>2</sub> flux measurements for a managed temperate mountain grassland in Austria.</p> <p>For additional information please contact: <a href="mailto:Georg.Wohlfahrt@uibk.ac.at">Georg.Wohlfahrt@uibk.ac.at</a></p> <p>changes in version 2: includes extrapolated COS mixing ratios & includes the ustar filter for the flux data</p> <p>changes in version 3: corrected every instance of mixing ratio with mole fraction </p>
Data from: Knowledge co-production with traditional herders on cattle grazing behaviour for better management of species-rich grasslands
The research gap between rangeland/livestock science and conservation biology/vegetation ecology has led to a lack of evidence needed for grazing-related conservation management. Connecting scientific understanding with traditional ecological knowledge of local livestock keepers could help bridge this research and knowledge gap. 1. We studied the grazing behaviour (plant selection and avoidance) of beef cattle (ca. 33 000 bites) on species-rich lowland pastures in Central Europe and traditional herding practices. We also did >450 outdoor interviews with traditional herders about livestock behaviour, herders' decisions to modify grazing behaviour, and effects of modified grazing on pasture vegetation. 2. We found that cattle grazing on species-rich pastures displayed at least 10 different behavioural elements as they encountered 117 forage species from highly desired to rejected. The small discrimination error suggests that cattle recognize all listed plants 'by species'. 3. We also found that herders had broad knowledge of grazing desire and they consciously aimed to modify desire by slowing, stopping or redirecting the herd. Modifications were aimed at increasing grazing intensity in less desired patches and decreasing grazing selectivity in heterogenous swards. 4. Synthesis and applications: These traditional herd management practices have significant conservation benefits, such as avoiding under- and overgrazing, and targeted removal of pasture weeds, litter and enchroaching bushes, tall competitive plants and invasive species. We argue that knowledge co-production with traditional herders who belong to another knowledge system could help connect isolated scientific disciplines especially if ecologists and rangeland scientists work closely with traditional herders, co-designing research projects and working together in data collection, analysis and interpretation. Stronger links between these disciplines could help develop evidence-based, specific conservation management practices while herders could contribute with their practical experiences and with real world testing of new management techniques.04-May-2020
Data from: Upland Sandpipers select for later time since fire and experience high nest survival in grasslands managed with patch-burn grazing
<p>Upland Sandpipers (<em>Bartramia longicauda</em>) are a grassland obligate shorebird that nests in dense vegetation structure near recently disturbed areas and could benefit from management practices that promote heterogenous vegetation structure. Although, Upland Sandpipers primary breeding range is generally managed for livestock production using traditional practices that lack patchy disturbances to facilitate higher levels of structural heterogeneity. Patch-burn grazing (PBG) could be an alternative management practice for Upland Sandpiper conservation for its ability to create areas of dense vegetation structure near recently disturbed areas. However, limited information is available regarding nest production of Upland Sandpipers within a PBG framework. To assess the compatibility of PBG with Upland Sandpiper conservation, we estimated nest site selection and survival of Upland Sandpiper nests on private lands managed with PBG in the unglaciated plains region of North Dakota. We located 59 nests from 2017–2020. Upland Sandpipers avoided 1 year since fire (YSF) patches and selected for 2 and 3 YSF patches for nest sites. Additionally, nest site selection decreased with increased bare ground and at intermediate distances to the nearest Upland Sandpiper nest. Upland Sandpipers experienced high overall nest survival during the study with 51 of 59 nests successfully hatching, which limited our ability to make inferences between daily survival rates and variables of interest. Our findings suggest that PBG can provide suitable nesting cover for Upland Sandpipers in later YSF patches despite annual prescribed fire and livestock grazing during the nesting season. PBG seems a suitable grassland management strategy that should be included in conservation planning within Upland Sandpiper's breeding distribution.</p>
Data from: Predicting habitat suitability and connectivity for management and conservation of urban wildlife: A real-time web application for grassland water voles
<ol> <li>Natural habitats in urban areas provide benefits for both humans and biodiversity. However, to achieve biodiversity gains we require new techniques to determine habitat suitability and ecological connectivity that will inform urban planning and development.</li> <li>Using an example of an urban population of water voles (<i>Arvicola amphibius</i>) we developed a habitat suitability model and a resistance-surface-based model of landscape connectivity to identify potential connectivity between areas of suitable habitat. We then updated the environmental variables according to new urban development plans and used our models to generate spatially explicit predictions of both habitat suitability and connectivity.</li> <li>To make models accessible to urban and conservation planners we developed an interactive mapping tool that provided users with a graphical user interface (GUI) to inform conservation planning for this species.</li> <li>The model found that habitat suitability for water voles was related to distance from key environmental variables, such as built-up areas and urban green spaces, while the connectivity model identified important corridors connecting areas of potential distribution for this species.</li> <li>Future development plans altered the potential spatial distribution of the water vole population, reducing the extent of suitable habitat in some core areas. The interactive mapping tool made available suitable habitat and connectivity maps for conservation managers to assess new planning applications and for the development of a conservation action plan for water voles.</li> <li>Synthesis and applications: We believe this approach provides a framework for future development of nature conservation tools that can be used by planners to inform ecological decision making, increase biodiversity and reduce human-wildlife conflict in urban environments.</li> </ol>
Data from: Can the soil seed bank of Rumex obtusifolius in productive grasslands be explained by management and soil properties?
<p><em>Rumex obtusifolius</em> is a problematic weed in temperate grasslands worldwide as it decreases yield and nutritional value of forage. Because the species can recruit from the seed bank, we determined the effect of management and soil properties on the soil seed bank of <em>R. obtusifolius</em> in intensively managed, permanent grasslands in Switzerland (CH), Slovenia (SI), and United Kingdom (UK). Following a paired case-control design, soil cores were taken from the topsoil of grassland with a high density of <em>R. obtusifolius</em> plants (cases) and from nearby parcels with very low R. obtusifolius density (controls). Data on grassland management, soil nutrients, pH, soil texture, and density of R. obtusifolius plants were also collected. Seeds in the soil were germinated under optimal conditions in a glasshouse. The number of germinated seeds of R. obtusifolius in case parcels was 866 ±152 m<sup>-2</sup> (CH, mean ±SE), 628 ±183 m<sup>-2</sup> (SI), and 752 ±183 m<sup>-2</sup> (UK), with no significant difference among countries. Densities in individual case parcels ranged from 0 up to approximately 3000 seeds m<sup>-2</sup> (each country). Control parcels had significantly fewer seeds, with a mean of 51 ±18, 75 ±52, and 98 ±52 seeds m<sup>-2</sup> in CH, SI, and UK, respectively, and a range between 0 and up to 1000 seeds m-2. Across countries, variables explaining variation in the soil seed bank of <em>R. obtusifolius</em> in case parcels were soil pH (negative relation), silt content (negative), land-use intensity (negative), and aboveground <em>R. obtusifolius</em> plant density (positive). Because a large soil seed bank can sustain grassland infestation with <em>R. obtusifolius</em>, management strategies to control the species should target the reduction in the density of mature plants, prevention of the species' seed production and dispersal, as well as the regulation of the soil pH to a range optimal for forage production.</p>
Community-based long-term management to address reinvasion of restored grassland vernal wetlands
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Data from: Predicting habitat suitability and connectivity for management and conservation of urban wildlife: A real-time web application for grassland water voles
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.