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29 results for “gravidity”
Image 5. Gravid female P in Puntius rohani (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), a new species of barb in the Puntius filamentosus group from the southern Western Ghats of India
Image 5. Gravid female P. filamentosus (ZSI/SRS F.8368, 113mm SL), showing filamentous extensions of the dorsal fin branched rays.
Fig. 1 in Comparison of modified CDC gravid, BG-Bowl, and CDC autocidal gravid ovitraps to collect gravid and host-seeking Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in northeastern Florida
Fig. 1. Mean dissected female mosquitoes with non-gravid and gravid Ae. aegypti collected by 3 modified commercial mosquito traps afer release in screened outdoor enclosures.
Data for: Compensating for a stressful pregnancy? Glucocorticoid treatment during gravidity reduces metabolic rate in female fence lizards post-parturition (In press: Hormones and Behavior)
<p>This dataset accompanies the paper "Compensating for a stressful pregnancy? Glucocorticoid treatment during gravidity reduces metabolic rate in female fence lizards post-parturition" (In press: Hormones and Behavior). A READ_ME/metadata explanation is available in Sheet 1. Address any queries to Dr. K. MacLeod, kirstyjmacleod@gmail.com.</p> <p>Abstract: Reproduction is a critical part of an animal’s life history, but one which incurs significant costs to survival and future reproductive potential. These physiological consequences are likely to be influenced by context – for example, if an individual is subject to environmental stressors, physiological and behavioral changes associated with reproduction may be altered. Glucocorticoids, hormones produced as part of the physiological response to stressors, may alter how reproduction affects female physiology and behavior, and therefore the outcomes of reproductive trade-offs. Glucocorticoids prioritize immediate survival over reproduction, for example through changes in immune function, metabolic rate, and foraging, which may reduce energy expenditure or increase energy gain. However, we previously found that female eastern fence lizards (<em>Sceloporus undulatus</em>) experiencing elevated glucocorticoid levels during gestation were nevertheless able to maintain reproductive output and body condition. Here we investigate compensatory mechanisms by which eastern fence lizard females may maintain reproduction under experimental increases in a glucocorticoid, corticosterone (CORT). We found that, although CORT-treated females had similar immune function and behavior, they had reduced metabolic rates 3-5 days post-parturition compared to control females. Given that CORT-treated females spent a similar time basking and had equal food intake compared to control females, we suggest that the reduced metabolic rate is a mechanism by which CORT-treated females maintain their energy balance and reduce the energetic costs of gestation during periods of stress. This study suggests that physiological responses to reproduction may be context-dependent and could act to minimize costs of reproduction in situations where CORT is elevated (such as during periods of environmental stress). </p>
Data for: Positive in situ hybridization for ZIKV RNA in MFI tissues and gravid uteri slides
<p>Zika virus (ZIKV) can be transmitted vertically from mother to fetus during pregnancy, resulting in a range of outcomes, including severe birth defects and fetal/infant death. Potential pathways of vertical transmission <em>in utero</em> have been proposed but remain undefined. Identifying the timing and routes of vertical transmission of ZIKV may help us identify when interventions would be most effective. Furthermore, understanding what barriers ZIKV overcomes to effect vertical transmission may help improve models for evaluating infection by other pathogens during pregnancy. The images included in this dataset belong to a study that aimed to determine the pathways of vertical transmission using a rhesus macaque model. Pregnant rhesus macaques were inoculated with 10<sup>4</sup> plaque forming using (PFA) of an African-lineage ZIKV isolate (ZIKV-DAK) at gestational day 30 (term is 165 days). Maternal-fetal interface and gravid uteri were evaluated for ZIKV RNA using <em>in situ</em> hybridization (ISH). The included images are the maternal fetal interface tissues and coronal sections evaluated for ZIKV via ISH, areas were ZIKV RNA was detected have pink/red staining. The pattern of infection observed in the maternal-fetal interface provides evidence of vertical ZIKV transmission through the fetal membranes.</p>
Early Gestational Diabetes Screening in the Gravid Obese Woman
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01864564. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Smoking Reduction In Gravid Substance Use Disorders
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04132232. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 12.
Data for: Positive in situ hybridization for ZIKV RNA in MFI tissues and gravid uteri slides
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Data from: A gravid fossil turtle from the Early Cretaceous reveals a different egg development strategy to that of extant marine turtles
Extant sea turtles develop and lay pliable (flexible) eggs, however, it is unknown if they inherited this reproductive strategy from their closer fossil relatives or corresponds to an evolutionary novelty. Here we describe the first undisputable gravid marine fossil turtle ever found, from the early Cretaceous of Colombia, belonging to Desmatochelys padillai Cadena and Parham, which constitutes a representative of Protostegidae. Using thin sectioning of one the eggs, as well as scanning electron microscopy coupled with elemental characterization, cathodoluminescence, and computer tomography we established that Desmatochelys padillai produced rigid eggs similar to the ones found in some extant and fossil freshwater and terrestrial turtles, and that at least 48 spherical eggs are preserved inside this gravid turtle. We performed also a phylogenetic analysis of several turtle taxa, including some of the extant marine species, plus the information from the gravid specimen of Desmatochelys padillai, and we found more support to previous ideas that egg and eggshell characters lack of strong phylogenetic signal amongst turtle taxa. We suggest that the development of rigid eggs in the marine extinct turtle Desmatochelys padillai resulted as an adaptation for eggs-embryos requirements dictated by the physical attributes of the nesting site
GraviD-child Follow-up of the Children´s Health, Growth and Development Within the GraviD-study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05228925. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
LunG and Melanoma canceR pAtients coVId19 Disease (GRAVID)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04344002. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: A gravid fossil turtle from the Early Cretaceous reveals a different egg development strategy to that of extant marine turtles
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IG. 5. — Interchangeabilité des hippopotames et des éléphants dans l'icono- graphie nagadienne. Dans la céramique à figurines rapportées: A, Mahasna, tombe H29, Manchester Museum inv. no. 5069 (détail); B, provenance incon- nue, Berlin Ägyptisches Museum inv. no. 22388 (détail). Dans la coroplathie: C, Abydos, tombe U-239 (d'après Hartung 2011); D, Hiérakonpolis, Brooklyn Museum inv. no. 09.889.325. Figurations de femelles gravides: E, Abydos,tombe U-415 (détail) (d'après Dreyer et al. 2003); F, panneau rupestre à el-Khawy, près d'Edfou (d'après Darnell 2017). Échelles: A-D, 5 cm. in Appréhender les catégories zoologiques en anthropologie historique: enjeux méthodologiques et épistémologiques
IG. 5. — Interchangeabilité des hippopotames et des éléphants dans l'icono- graphie nagadienne. Dans la céramique à figurines rapportées: A, Mahasna, tombe H29, Manchester Museum inv. no. 5069 (détail); B, provenance incon- nue, Berlin Ägyptisches Museum inv. no. 22388 (détail). Dans la coroplathie: C, Abydos, tombe U-239 (d'après Hartung 2011); D, Hiérakonpolis, Brooklyn Museum inv. no. 09.889.325. Figurations de femelles gravides: E, Abydos,tombe U-415 (détail) (d'après Dreyer et al. 2003); F, panneau rupestre à el-Khawy, près d'Edfou (d'après Darnell 2017). Échelles: A-D, 5 cm.
Data from: Male mate choice for large gravid spots in a livebearing fish
Male mate choice occurs in a wide range of species, and males can increase their reproductive success by distinguishing between females based on their fecundity (e.g. large body size) or their expected sperm competition risk (e.g. virgins). However, patterns of male mate choice could be mitigated by variation in female physiological receptivity, as males can benefit by directing their mating efforts towards females that are at a point in their reproductive cycle when fertilization probability is highest. Here, we perform three experiments to assess whether male mate choice is influenced by cues of female physiological receptivity, fecundity or sperm competition risk in the pygmy halfbeak (Dermogenys collettei), a small livebearing fish. Female halfbeaks possess a 'gravid spot'- an orange abdominal marking that is caused by pigmentation of the females' skin and variation in embryo development and pigmentation during pregnancy. We show that gravid spot size increases towards parturition and is largest right before giving birth, independent of abdominal width or body length. Males consistently chose females with large gravid spots over females with small gravid spots. In contrast, males did not prefer larger females over smaller females or virgin females over mated females. As female halfbeaks store sperm prior to fertilizations, we suggest that males use the size of the gravid spot as a cue to direct their mating efforts to those females where the chance of fertilization is highest.
Data from: Hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance induce gravid uterine defects in association with mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant ROS production
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at increased risk of miscarriage, which often accompanies the hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance seen in these patients. However, neither the combinatorial interaction between these two PCOS-related etiological factors nor the mechanisms of their actions in the uterus during pregnancy are well understood. We hypothesised that hyperandrogensim and insulin resistance exert a causative role in miscarriage by inducing defects in uterine function that are accompanied by mitochondrial-mediated oxidative stress, inflammation and perturbed gene expression. Here we tested this hypothesis by studying the metabolic, endocrine and uterine abnormalities in pregnant rats after exposure to daily injection of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 1.66 mg/kg body weight/day) and/or insulin (6.0 IU/day) from gestational day 7.5 to 13.5. We showed that while DHT-exposed and insulin-exposed pregnant rats presented impaired insulin sensitivity, DHT+insulin-exposed pregnant rats exhibited hyperandrogenism and peripheral insulin resistance, which mirrors pregnant PCOS patients. Compared to controls, hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in the dam was associated with alterations in uterine morphology and aberrant expression of genes responsible for decidualization (Prl8a2, Fxyd2, and Mt1g), placentation (Fcgr3 and Tpbpa), angiogenesis (Flt1, Angpt1, Angpt2, Ho1, Ccl2, Ccl5, Cxcl9, and Cxcl10) and insulin signaling (Akt, Gsk3 and Gluts). Moreover, we observed changes in uterine mitochondrial function and homeostasis (i.e. mitochondrial DNA copy number and the expression of genes responsible for mitochondrial fusion, fission, biogenesis, and mitophagy) and suppression of both oxidative and antioxidative defenses (i.e. reactive oxygen species, Nrf2 signaling, and interactive networks of antioxidative stress responses) in response to the hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance. These findings demonstrate that hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance induce mitochondria-mediated damage and a resulting imbalance between oxidative and antioxidative stress responses in the gravid uterus.
Figure 2 from: Yan Z-L, Ma H-F, Mao Y-L, Liu L (2018) Gravid females of Cephalcia chuxiongica (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) are attracted to egg-carrying needles of Pinus yunnanensis. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 65: 157-166. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.65.26341
Figure 2 Trend rates of gravid females of Cephalciachuxiongica to volatiles in one-way choice tests. P one pine shoot V one virgin female G one gravid female PGE one pine shoot with one female and her fresh eggs on the needles PE one pine shoot with fresh eggs but no female NE needles' extract EL eggs' eluent. *Indicates a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the trend rates of the gravid females to the odor and to clean air (nonparametric Wilcoxon matched pairs test, two-tailed).
Figure 4 from: Yan Z-L, Ma H-F, Mao Y-L, Liu L (2018) Gravid females of Cephalcia chuxiongica (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) are attracted to egg-carrying needles of Pinus yunnanensis. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 65: 157-166. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.65.26341
Figure 4 Paired comparison of trend responses of gravid females of Cephalciachuxiongica to attractive odors P one pine shoot G one gravid female PGE one pine shoot with one female and her fresh eggs on the needles PE one pine shoot with fresh eggs but no female NE needles' extract EL eggs' eluent. *Indicates that the trend rate to the odor is statistically significantly higher than that to the other odor in this pair (P < 0.05, nonparametric Wilcoxon matched pairs test, two-tailed).
Figure 1 from: Yan Z-L, Ma H-F, Mao Y-L, Liu L (2018) Gravid females of Cephalcia chuxiongica (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) are attracted to egg-carrying needles of Pinus yunnanensis. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 65: 157-166. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.65.26341
Figure 1 Oviposition selection of gravid females of Cephalciachuxiongica in pine shoots with vs. without 'pioneer' females. *Indicates a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between mean numbers of delivery females on the shoots with and without 'pioneer' females (non-parametric Wilcoxon matched pairs test, two-tailed).
Figure 3 from: Yan Z-L, Ma H-F, Mao Y-L, Liu L (2018) Gravid females of Cephalcia chuxiongica (Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae) are attracted to egg-carrying needles of Pinus yunnanensis. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 65: 157-166. https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.65.26341
Figure 3 Trend rates of virgin females of Cephalciachuxiongica to volatiles in one-way choice tests. P one pine shoot V one virgin female G one gravid female PGE one pine shoot with one female and her fresh eggs on the needles PE one pine shoot with fresh eggs but no female NE needles' extract EL eggs' eluent. *Indicates a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the trend rates of the virgin females to the odor and to clean air (nonparametric Wilcoxon matched pairs test, twotailed).
Ridge gourd volatiles are highly attractive to gravid female melon fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae)
<p>The data pertain to experiments about prospecting attractants for female melon fly, <em>Zeugodacus cucurbitae</em>.</p>
Data from: Hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance induce gravid uterine defects in association with mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant ROS production
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OpenNeuro
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