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27 results for “greater sage-grouse”
Data from: Non-native grazers affect physiological and demographic responses of Greater Sage-grouse
<p>1. Non-native ungulate grazing has negatively impacted native species across the globe, leading to massive loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Despite their pervasiveness, interactions between non-native grazers and native species are not fully understood. We often observe declines in demography or survival of these native species, but lack understanding about the mechanisms underlying these declines. Physiological stress represents one mechanism of (mal)adaptation but data are sparse.</p> <p>2. We investigated glucocorticoid levels in a native avian herbivore exposed to different intensities of non-native grazing in the cold desert Great Basin ecosystem, USA. We measured corticosterone, a glucocorticoid in feathers for a large sample (n = 280) of female Greater Sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) from three study areas in Northern Nevada and Southern Oregon with different grazing regimes of livestock and feral horses.</p> <p>3. We found greater feral horse density was associated with higher corticosterone levels, and this effect was exacerbated by drought conditions. Livestock grazing produced similar results; however there was more model uncertainty about the livestock effect. Subsequent nesting success was lower with increased feather corticosterone, but corticosterone levels were not predictive of other vital rates.</p> <p>4. Our results indicate a physiological response by sage-grouse to grazing pressure from non-native grazers. We found substantial among-individual variation in the strength of the response. These adverse effects were intensified during unfavorable weather events, highlighting the need to reevaluate management strategies in the face of climate change.</p>
Data for Integrated Step Selection Analysis of translocated female greater sage-grouse in the 60 days post-release, North Dakota 2018-2020
<p>The data include used and random available steps at 11-hour resolution generated for 26 female greater sage-grouse in the 60 days post-translocation to North Dakota, with associated environmental predictors and individual information. The code fits individual habitat selection models in an Integrated Step Selection Analysis framework.</p> <p>Data used to fit the models described in:</p> <p>Picardi, S., Ranc, N., Smith, B.J., Coates, P.S., Mathews, S.R., Dahlgren, D.K. <i>Individual variation in temporal dynamics of post-release habitat selection</i>. Frontiers in Conservation Science (in review)</p> <p>Code used to implement the analysis is available on GitHub: https://github.com/picardis/picardi-et-al_2021_sage-grouse_frontiers-in-conservation</p>
Climate and non-native herbivores influence reproductive investment by Greater Sage-grouse
<p>Highly seasonal environments can increase competition among herbivores for nutrients, leading to consequences affecting rates of reproduction and survival. There is concern about the impacts of non-native ungulates on Greater Sage-grouse in the Great Basin of North America. We estimated nesting propensity, the annual proportion of females attempting a nest, for Greater Sage-grouse in relation to the abundance of ungulates using 7 years of data from the northwestern Great Basin, USA. We focused on nesting because it is the necessary first major investment required for the production of new recruits. We used a Bayesian multi-stratum model to investigate the effects of weather and sympatric non-native herbivores, free-roaming horses and domestic cattle, on reproductive rates and female survival of adult and yearling sage-grouse. Adults nested at a higher rate (0.931, 95% CI, 0.904 – 0.953) than yearlings (0.867, 95% CI, 0.802 – 0.922) under average conditions of all other covariates. If the first nest failed, renesting rates were similar between adults (0.349, 95% CI, 0.292 – 0.410) and yearlings (0.353, 95% CI, 0.217 – 0.507). Females in better body condition at the start of the season nested at higher rates, and moderately snowy winters led to the highest nesting propensity during the following spring. Drier conditions led to low rates of nesting, particularly in areas with dense cattle grazing. Female survival was lower for nesting females, indicating a survival cost of reproduction. Areas with abundant free-roaming horses had slightly higher nesting propensity, though other research suggests negative impacts later in the breeding cycle. Sage-grouse face life-history trade-offs that may be shifting due to changing climatic conditions. Our work suggests that the effects of competition with non-native ungulates on sage-grouse life-histories may be exacerbated by adverse weather.</p>
Data from: Non-native grazers affect physiological and demographic responses of Greater Sage-grouse
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Data for Integrated Step Selection Analysis of translocated female greater sage-grouse in the 60 days post-release, North Dakota 2018-2020
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Climate and non-native herbivores influence reproductive investment by Greater Sage-grouse
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Fighting isn’t sexy in lekking Greater Sage-grouse: A relational event model approach for mating interactions
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Supporting data for assessing impacts of satellite GPS transmitters on survival, nesting propensity, and nest success of greater sage-grouse
<p>Telemetry technology and data are commonly used to study behavior and demography of wildlife. Satellite-based, global positioning system (GPS) telemetry allows researchers to remotely collect a high volume of fine-resolution animal location data but may also come with hidden costs. For example, recent studies suggested GPS transmitters attached via backpacks may reduce survival of greater sage-grouse (<em>Centrocercus urophasianus</em>) relative to very high frequency (VHF) telemetry transmitters attached via collars. While some evidence suggests GPS backpacks can reduce survival, no studies examined their effects on sage-grouse breeding behavior and success. We compared survival, breeding behavior, and nest success for sage-grouse hens marked with either VHF collars or GPS backpack transmitters in central Idaho, USA. GPS backpacks reduced spring-summer survival relative to VHF collars, yet GPS backpacks did not consistently affect nest success or the likelihood or timing of nest initiation relative to VHF collars. Daily nest survival varied annually and with timing of nest initiation and nest age, but marginal effects of transmitter type were statistically insignificant, and interactions between transmitter type and study year were inconsistent. These results demonstrate the effect of GPS backpacks on sage-grouse survival but also suggest GPS backpacks do not appear to affect components of fecundity. </p>
Greater Sage-grouse brood-rearing female habitat data
<p>Habitat selection analyses conducted at an individual level may reveal patterns in selection not apparent when individuals are pooled in population-level approaches. Using GPS transmitters that gather high-resolution location data, we explored fine-scale habitat selection and space use within home ranges of female greater sage-grouse (<em>Centrocercus</em> <em>urophasianus</em>) that raised young (brood-rearing sage-grouse) in an oil and gas development area. To evaluate fine-scale habitat selection of brood-rearing sage-grouse, we used a two-stage approach. First, we developed models for each individual (i.e., individual-level modeling) and evaluated individual-level responses to modified habitats and infrastructure. Second, we averaged individual-level estimates using a bootstrap approach to make population-level inference. The average home range size during brood-rearing, from nest hatch to six weeks, in our study were 0.85 ± 0.21 km<sup>2</sup>. Individual- and population-level results indicated that brood-rearing females consistently selected for natural vegetation and avoided disturbed surfaces at a fine spatial scale. Our study area included substantial areas of recent (≤10 years) habitat reclamation which females also avoided. Visible power lines consistently led to avoidance behavior. In addition to consistent patterns of habitat selection, our individual models demonstrated variability and contrasting behaviors in how brood-rearing females responded to specific infrastructure features and anthropogenic water bodies. At the population-level, anthropogenic water bodies were avoided, but at the individual-level, the intensity of avoidance was variable among individuals. Individual variability was often explained by the age of the brood-rearing female (first year or adult). First year females were more likely than adults to use habitats close to infrastructure and consistently established home ranges in areas with more surface disturbance and infrastructure when compared to adults. Our results provide new insights into fine scale habitat-selection strategies used by female sage-grouse with broods in an area were oil and gas infrastructure is widespread and cannot be avoided.</p>
Supporting data for assessing impacts of satellite GPS transmitters on survival, nesting propensity, and nest success of greater sage-grouse
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Greater Sage-grouse brood-rearing female habitat data
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Data from: Variable drivers of primary versus secondary nesting: density-dependence and drought effects on greater sage-grouse
Organisms seek to maximize fitness by balancing reproductive allocations against mortality risk, given selection pressures inherent to the environment. However, environmental conditions are often dynamic and unpredictable, which complicates the ability to achieve such a balance, and may require reproductive adjustments depending on prevailing conditions. We evaluated the effects of density-dependent, density-independent (drought), and individual (age, body condition) factors on nesting decisions of female greater sage-grouse in the American Great Basin. We obtained relocations and recorded reproductive histories from 287 radio-marked females over a period of 10 yr, and applied these data to a multi-state model that estimated probabilities of initiating a first nest (primary nesting rate) or a second nest, given loss of a first (secondary nesting rate). This approach allowed us to evaluate the relative association between nesting rates and covariates while accounting for imperfect detection of nests. Sage-grouse primary and secondary nesting were influenced differently by density dependence and drought. Primary nesting was high and relatively constant among years despite variable drought conditions, but was negatively associated with population size (density dependence). Secondary nesting was lower and more variable compared to primary nesting, was similarly influenced by density-dependence, and was also sensitive to drought conditions. Females known to initiate second nests were in better body condition than females that only initiated first nests, and females of intermediate age had higher primary nesting rates, whereas secondary nesting was unaffected by age. Our results suggest that females were more flexible and responded more readily to changing conditions when allocating resources to second nests. These results are consistent with patterns that have been demonstrated for female allocation to clutch size in this system, and suggest that when conditions are poor second nests reflect a tipping point where reproductive costs (increased mortality) outweigh benefits (offspring reproductive value).
Data from: Fine scale genetic structure among greater sage-grouse leks in central Nevada
Background: Mating systems that reduce dispersal and lead to non-random mating might increase the potential for genetic structure to arise at fine geographic scales. Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) have a lek-based mating system and exhibit high site fidelity and skewed mating ratios. We quantified population structure by analyzing variation at 27,866 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 140 males from ten leks (within five lek complexes) occurring in a small geographic region in central Nevada. Results: Lek complexes, and to a lesser extent individual leks, formed statistically identifiable clusters in ordination analyses, providing evidence for fine-scale geographic genetic differentiation. Lek geography predicted genetic differentiation even at a small geographic scale, which could be sharpened by strong site fidelity. Relatedness was also higher among individuals within lek complexes (and leks), suggesting that reproductive skew, where few males participate in most of the successful matings, could also potentially contribute to genetic differentiation. Models incorporating a habitat resistance surface as a proxy for potentially reduced movement due to landscape features indicated that both geographic distance and habitat suitability (i.e. preferred habitat) predicted genetic structure, with no significant effect of man-made barriers to movement (i.e. power lines and roads). Finally, we illustrate how data sets containing fewer loci (<4000) had less statistical precision and failed to detect the full degree of genetic structure. Conclusion: Our results suggest that habitat features and lek site geography of sage-grouse shape fine scale genetic structure, and highlight how larger data sets can have increased precision and accuracy for quantifying ecologically relevant genetic structure over small geographic scales.
Data from: Differential influences of local subpopulations on regional diversity and differentiation for greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus)
The distribution of spatial genetic variation across a region can shape evolutionary dynamics and impact population persistence. Local population dynamics and among-population dispersal rates are strong drivers of this spatial genetic variation, yet for many species we lack a clear understanding of how these population processes interact in space to shape within-species genetic variation. Here, we used extensive genetic and demographic data from 10 subpopulations of greater sage-grouse to parameterize a simulated approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) model and (i) test for regional differences in population density and dispersal rates for greater sage-grouse subpopulations in Wyoming, and (ii) quantify how these differences impact subpopulation regional influence on genetic variation. We found a close match between observed and simulated data under our parameterized model and strong variation in density and dispersal rates across Wyoming. Sensitivity analyses suggested that changes in dispersal (via landscape resistance) had a greater influence on regional differentiation, whereas changes in density had a greater influence on mean diversity across all subpopulations. Local subpopulations, however, varied in their regional influence on genetic variation. Decreases in the size and dispersal rates of central populations with low overall and net immigration (i.e. population sources) had the greatest negative impact on genetic variation. Overall, our results provide insight into the interactions among demography, dispersal and genetic variation and highlight the potential of ABC to disentangle the complexity of regional population dynamics and project the genetic impact of changing conditions.
Data for behavioral state-dependent habitat selection analysis of translocated female greater sage-grouse, North Dakota 2018-2020
<p>This dataset is associated with the article, "Behavioral state-dependent habitat selection and implications for animal translocations" (Picardi et al., 2021, Journal of Applied Ecology).</p> <p>Post-release monitoring of translocated animals can be used to inform future translocation protocols. In particular, quantifying habitat selection of translocated individuals may help identify features that characterize suitable settlement habitat and inform the choice of future release sites; however, because translocated animals undergo post-release behavioral modification, the underlying behavioral state needs to be taken into account.</p> <p>We analyzed behavioral state-dependent habitat selection in female greater sage-grouse (<i>Centrocercus urophasianus</i>) translocated from Wyoming to North Dakota, USA, using Hidden Markov Models in combination with Integrated Step Selection Analysis. This dataset includes GPS tracks (resampled at a 6-hour resolution using a Continuous Time Movement Model) for 48 individuals translocated between 2018 and 2020, along with environmental variables associated with each location. We segmented each track into behavioral phases corresponding to an exploratory state, characterized by broad and directed movements, and a restricted state, characterized by short and tortuous movements. Then, we quantified habitat selection in each state while also accounting for seasonality and individual reproductive status.</p> <p>Habitat selection of translocated sage-grouse differed between the post-release exploration and the settlement phase. While in the exploratory state, sage-grouse exhibited natal habitat preference induction by selecting for high sagebrush cover, typical of their natal area but not of the release area. In the restricted state, sage-grouse selected for gentle topography and also adjusted their habitat selection based on the season and their reproductive needs.</p>
Supporting results and data for assessing impacts of the Grassy Ridge Fire on greater sage-grouse space use in eastern Idaho, USA
<p>Global change has altered the nature of disturbance regimes and megafire events are increasingly common. Megafires result in immediate changes to habitat available to terrestrial wildlife over broad landscapes, yet we know surprisingly little about how such changes shape space use of sensitive species in habitat that remains. Functional responses provide a framework for understanding and predicting changes in space use following habitat alteration, but no previous studies have assessed functional responses as a consequence of megafire. We studied space use and tested for functional responses in habitat use by breeding greater sage-grouse (<em>Centrocercus</em> <em>urophasianus</em>) before and after landscape-level changes induced by a >40,000 ha, high-intensity megafire that burned sagebrush-steppe in eastern Idaho, USA. We also incorporated functional responses into predictive resource selection functions (RSFs) to map breeding habitat before and after the fire. Megafire had strong effects on the distribution of available resources and resulted in context-dependent habitat use that was heterogeneous across different components of habitat. We observed functional responses in use and selection of a variety of resources (shrubs and herbaceous vegetation) for both nesting and brood rearing. Functional responses in use of nesting habitat were influenced by the overarching effect of megafire on vegetation, whereas responses during brood rearing appeared to be driven by individual variation in available resources that was conditional on nest locations. Importantly, RSFs built using data collected prior to the burn also had poor transferability for predicting space use in a post-megafire landscape. These results have strong implications for understanding and predicting how animals respond to a rapidly changing environment, given that increased severity, frequency, and extent of wildfire are consequences of global change with the capacity to reshape ecosystems. We therefore demonstrate a conceptual framework to better understand space use and aid habitat conservation for wildlife in a rapidly changing world.</p>
Data from: Fine scale genetic structure among greater sage-grouse leks in central Nevada
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Data for behavioral state-dependent habitat selection analysis of translocated female greater sage-grouse, North Dakota 2018-2020
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Data from: Genomic single-nucleotide polymorphisms confirm that Gunnison and Greater sage-grouse are genetically well differentiated and that the Bi-State population is distinct
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Data from: Variable drivers of primary versus secondary nesting: density-dependence and drought effects on greater sage-grouse
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