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opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

Evolution of conditional cooperation in collective-risk social dilemma with repeated group interactions

The question of how cooperation evolves and is sustained over time has been a long-standing and unresolved issue in the fields of evolutionary biology and social sciences. Previous theoretical and experimental research based on the collective-risk social dilemma game has revealed the risk that the failure of collective goals will affect the evolution of cooperation. Considering that in the real world individuals usually adjust their decisions based on environmental factors such as risk intensity and cooperation level, it is still not well understood how such conditional behaviors affect the evolution of cooperation in repeated group interactions scenario from a theoretical perspective. Here, we construct an evolutionary game model with repeated interactions, in which defectors decide whether to cooperate in subsequent rounds of the game based on whether the risk exceeds their tolerance threshold and whether the number of cooperators exceeds the collective goal in the early rounds of the game. We find that the introduction of conditional cooperation strategy can effectively promote the emergence of cooperation, especially when the risk is low. In addition, the risk threshold significantly affects the evolutionary outcomes. Furthermore, our results confirm that a high risk can promote the emergence of cooperation. Importantly, when the risk exceeds the tolerance threshold, timely adjustment of strategies by conditional cooperators is beneficial for maintaining high-level cooperation.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2022View details →

Interactions between land use, taxonomic group and aspects and levels of diversity in a Brazilian savanna: implications for the use of bioindicators

The study was carried out in the Triângulo Mineiro region of Minas Gerais state, covering the municipalities of Uberlândia, Monte Alegre, and Nova Ponte, in south-eastern Brazil. We conducted the study in five habitat types, comprising two natural habitats (savanna and semideciduous forest), and three anthropogenic land-uses: cattle pastures (planted with introduced Urochloa grasses), soy fields (where sampling took place when plants were at the vegetative phase) and  plantations of Eucalyptus trees (≥ 6 yrs old). Ants and beetles were sampled at the same 40 sites (8 replicates per land use), and birds at 30 sites (6 replicates per land use), only some of which were the same as for ants and beetles.  Ants that forage on ground and dung beetles were sampled using pitfall traps. Sampling took place in November and December (early wet season) 2017. In each site, eight traps were installed with traps located at the corners of a 100×100 m square, and at the mid-points of the sides of the square, keeping a minimum distance of 50 m between any two traps. All traps were at least 75 m distant from the edge of the respective land use. Traps were plastic containers (19 cm diam, 11 cm height) filled with 150 ml of a saline solution and detergent. Each trap had a wire hoop suspended over it to accommodate a small (4 cm diam, 4 cm height) plastic container for holding a dung bait. We used a 20 cm diameter plastic cover supported by three sticks to protect traps from rain. Traps were baited with ~40 g of a mixture of pig dung and human faeces (4:1 proportion) and left in the field for 48-hrs. Birds were surveyed using 20-min point counts in the rainy season (November 2017 to March 2018). At each site, five sampling points were established, 200 m distant from each other. All surveys started at sunrise (about 6 a.m.), and all species seen or heard from each point were recorded. Each sampling site was re-surveyed in the following dry season (April to October to 2018); however, for logistic reasons we were unable to re-survey the plantation sites.  Ant and dung beetle species were identified to species or morphospecies by comparison with named species in the Zoological Collection at the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU) or with specialist assistance from Fernando Vaz de Mello, respectively. Vouchers of all species have been deposited at UFU´s Zoological Collection. Birds were identified directly in the field and species names follow the checklist produced by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee. We classified species functionally based on primary diet, foraging location and/or behaviour, and body size, as these traits are known to be sensitive to habitat modifications and of importance for the ecosystem services provided by ants, birds, and dung beetles. Ant species were classified according to their diet as predators, fungivores, nectarivores or omnivores, and according to their main foraging location as arboreal, epigeal (aboveground) or hypogeal (in soil and litter), based on information provided by Brown (2000) and Silvestre et al. (2003). Species were further classified into four body size categories based on our measurements of body length (Weber´s length; Brown, 1953) of 1-5 ant workers per species: 1 (< 0.75 mm), 2 (0.75-1.74 mm), 3 (1.75-3 mm), and 4 (> 3 mm). Dung beetles were classified as coprophagous, necrophagous, frugivore, generalist or predator, according to the type of food resource each species is most often attracted to. This classification was based on over 30 years of field experience throughout Brazil by one of the authors of this study (FVM), who used multiple types of baits (e.g., carcasses, fruits, faeces) to attract and collect dung beetles, and/or on literature information. Although information about the “attractiveness” of different types of baits to dung beetles (used here as a proxy for primary diet) was not obtained directly in the sites of the present study, it is importat to note that we are not aware of any evidence of geographic or habitat variation in bait preference among tropical species of dung beetles. Dung beetles were also classified according to their foraging behaviour as: telecoprid (species that make a dung ball and roll it away for burial), paracoprid (species that store dung in tunnels dug immediately below the dung source), or endocoprid (species living within or immediately below the dung, without moving it). For this, we used the database of the Zoological Collection of the Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT). Whenever sample sizes allowed, 30 individuals from each species were weighed for determination of body mass (following Almeida et al., 2011), and species were classified according to the following ordinal scale: 1 (< 10 mg); 2 (10-99 mg); 3 (100-300 mg); and 4 (>300 mg). Each bird species was classified according to its primary diet as frugivores granivore, insectivore, nectarivore, carnivore, detritivore, or omnivore, and according to the main foraging location as ground, understory/shrubby vegetation, or tree canopy, based on the Wilman et al. (2014) database and our own field experience. Using these same sources, we obtained information on mean body weights of each species and assigned them to one of five size categories: 1- (<15 g); 2 (15-39 g); 3 (40-199 g); 4 (200-599 g); and 5 (> 600 g).

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Data from: Status-dependent metabolic effects of social interactions in a group-living fish

Social interactions can sometimes be a source of stress, but social companions can also ameliorate and buffer against stress. Stress and metabolism are closely linked, but the degree to which social companions modulate metabolic responses during stressful situations—and whether such effects differ depending on social rank—is poorly understood. To investigate this question, we studied Neolamprologus pulcher, a group-living cichlid fish endemic to Lake Tanganyika, and measured the metabolic responses of dominant and subordinate individuals when they were either visible or concealed from one another. When individuals could see each other, subordinates had lower maximum metabolic rates and tended to take longer to recover following an exhaustive chase compared to dominants. In contrast, metabolic responses of dominants and subordinates did not differ when individuals could not see one another. These findings suggest that the presence of a dominant individual has negative metabolic consequences for subordinates, even in stable social groups with strong prosocial relationships.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Dataset: iClick Interactive Asia Group Limited (ICLK) Stock Performance

This dataset provides historical stock market performance data for specific companies. It enables users to analyze and understand the past trends and fluctuations in stock prices over time. This information can be utilized for various purposes such as investment analysis, financial research, and market trend forecasting.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Dataset: Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. (IBKR) Stock Performance

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2019View details →

ACM MMSys ODS The Unobtrusive Group Interaction (UGI) Corpus

Studying group dynamics requires fine-grained spatial and temporal understanding of human behavior. Social psychologists studying human interaction patterns in face-to-face group meetings often find themselves struggling with huge volumes of data that require many hours of tedious manual coding. There are only a few publicly available multi-modal datasets of face-to-face group meetings that enable the development of automated methods to study verbal and non-verbal human behavior.  In this paper, we present a new, publicly available multi-modal dataset for group dynamics study that differs from previous datasets in its use of ceiling-mounted, unobtrusive depth sensors.  These can be used for fine-grained analysis of head and body pose and gestures, without any concerns about participants' privacy or inhibited behavior. The dataset is complemented by synchronized and time-stamped meeting transcripts that allow analysis of spoken content. The dataset comprises 22 group meetings in which participants perform a standard collaborative group task designed to measure leadership and productivity.  Participants' post-task questionnaires, including demographic information, are also provided as part of the dataset. We show the utility of the dataset in analyzing perceived leadership, contribution, and performance, by presenting results of multi-modal analysis using our sensor-fusion algorithms designed to automatically understand audio-visual interactions.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

The Social Group Interaction Dataset

The Social Group Interaction Dataset is a dataset consisting of recordings of 6 groups of 5 people completing a series of tasks which provoke group formation. The sorts of interactions encouraged by task completion are as follows: discussion, collaborative task, robot interaction and debate. Recordings include Vicon and facial go-pro recordings. Big 5 personality results and basic demographic information are also included.

publicJun 2024View details →

Data from: Status-dependent metabolic effects of social interactions in a group-living fish

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publicMar 2024View details →

Evolution of conditional cooperation in collective-risk social dilemma with repeated group interactions

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publicAug 2024View details →

Data and code from: Species interactions amplify functional group responses to elevated CO2 and N enrichment in a 24-year grassland experiment

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opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Behavioral hypervolumes of predator groups and predator-predator interactions shape prey survival rates and selection on prey behavior

Predator-prey interactions often vary on the basis of the traits of the individual predators and prey involved. Here we examine whether the multidimensional behavioral diversity of predator groups shapes prey mortality rates and selection on prey behavior. We ran individual sea stars (Pisaster ochraceus) through three behavioral assays to characterize individuals' behavioral phenotype along three axes. We then created groups that varied in the volume of behavioral space that they occupied. We further manipulated the ability of predators to interact with one another physically via the addition of barriers. Prey snails (Chlorostome funebralis) were also run through an assay to evaluate their predator avoidance behavior before their use in mesocosm experiments. We then subjected pools of prey to predator groups and recorded the number of prey consumed and their behavioral phenotypes. We found that predator-predator interactions changed survival selection on prey traits: when predators were prevented from interacting, more fearful snails had higher survival rates, whereas prey fearfulness had no effect on survival when predators were free to interact. We also found that groups of predators that occupied a larger volume in behavioral trait space consumed 35% more prey snails than homogeneous predator groups. Finally, we found that behavioral hypervolumes were better predictors of prey survival rates than single behavioral traits or other multivariate statistics (i.e., principal component analysis). Taken together, predator-predator interactions and multidimensional behavioral diversity determine prey survival rates and selection on prey traits in this system.

zenodo36/100

X-ray structure ensemble refinement of the second bromodomain of Pleckstrin homology domain interacting protein (PHIP) (space group P21212)

X-ray structure ensemble refinement of the second bromodomain of Pleckstrin homology domain interacting protein (PHIP) (space group P21212). Raw diffraction images are available on Zenodo: 10.5281/zenodo.4086066. A single conformer model was deposited in the Protein Data Bank under accession code <a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/pdb/7AV8">7AV8</a>. Refinement was carried out with <a href="https://www.phenix-online.org/documentation/reference/ensemble_refinement.html">phenix.ensemble_refinement</a> and the repository contains all input and output files: Input: <ul> <li>mx8421v63_xPHIPAx1521_free.mtz</li> <li>refine9.pdb</li> </ul> Output: <ul> <li>PHIPA-P21212_ensemble_refinement_ensemble.geo</li> <li>PHIPA-P21212_ensemble_refinement_ensemble.pdb</li> <li>PHIPA-P21212_ensemble_refinement_ensemble.mtz</li> <li>PHIPA-P21212_ensemble_refinement_ensemble.log</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2020View details →

opencc-zeroNov 2019View details →

Herding mechanisms to maintain the cohesion of a harem group: two interaction phases during herding

In animal groups, individual interactions achieve coordinated movements to maintain cohesion. In horse harem groups, herding is a behavior in which males chase females from behind; it is considered to assist with group cohesiveness. However, the mechanisms by which the individuals move to maintain group cohesion are unknown. We applied novel non-invasive methods of drone filming and video tracking to observe horse movements in the field with high temporal and spatial resolution. We tracked all group members and drew trajectories. We analyzed the movements of females and found two phases of interactions based on their timing of movement initiation. The females that moved first were those nearest to the herding male, while the movement initiation of the later females was determined by the distance from the nearest moving female, not by the distance from the herding male. These interactions are unique among animal group movements and might represent a herding mechanism responsible for maintaining group cohesion. This might be due to long-term stable relationships within a harem group and strong social bonds between females. This study showed that the combination of drone filming and video tracking is a useful method for analyzing the movements of animals simultaneously in high resolution.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Individual survival is dictated by group personality in a marsh ecosystem predator-prey interaction

Predator–prey interactions structure ecological communities, and personality can significantly mediate these interactions. Personality expression is often contingent on social context, suggesting that group personality may be key in determining the outcomes of predator encounters. Here we test the influence of individual personality and group composition on survival of the marsh periwinkle, Littoraria irrorata, when exposed to its main predator, the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, both integral players in mediating the productivity and health of salt marsh ecosystems. Personality varied along a bold-shy continuum and was unrelated to shell length, though neither trait influenced survival when individual snails were exposed to a predator. However, when snails were partitioned into groups differing in personality composition, snails in groups with bold individuals had higher survival than those in groups with none. While group type did not influence the survival of bold snails, shy snails performed significantly better in mixed groups: the presence of a few bold individuals emerged as especially effective in decreasing mortality of shy snails. The effect of personality on predator escape is thus conditional on group personality composition, indicating that social context can directly impact the survival and success of its individual members, with broad implications for community dynamics.

publicAug 2020View details →

Data from: Behavioral hypervolumes of predator groups and predator-predator interactions shape prey survival rates and selection on prey behavior

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publicOct 2023View details →

Individual survival is dictated by group personality in a marsh ecosystem predator-prey interaction

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publicJun 2021View details →

Fear effects and group size interact to shape herbivory on coral reefs

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